Yini i-Disulfiram: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Disulfiram iyimithi kadokotela esiza abantu ukuba bayeke ukuphuza utshwala ngokubenza bazizwe begula lapho bephuza noma yiluphi uhlobo lotshwala. Cabanga ngayo njengenethi yokuphepha edala ukusabela okungathandeki ngokushesha noma nini lapho utshwala bungena emzimbeni wakho, okusiza ukuqeda umjikelezo wokuncika otshwaleni.

Le mithi isisize abantu ukuba banqobe ukuluthwa utshwala amashumi eminyaka. Isebenza ngokuvimba umzimba wakho ukuba ungakwazi ukucubungula utshwala ngendlela ejwayelekile, idale umphumela onamandla wokuvimbela oseka ukuzibophezela kwakho ekuqondeni.

Yini i-Disulfiram?

I-Disulfiram iyimithi ephazamisa indlela umzimba wakho ohlukanisa ngayo utshwala. Uma uthatha i-disulfiram njalo, ivimba i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-aldehyde dehydrogenase, ebalulekile ekucubunguleni utshwala esibindini sakho.

Ngaphandle kokusebenza kahle kwale enzyme, izinto ezinobuthi ziyanda egazini lakho uma uphuza utshwala. Lokhu kudala izimpawu ezingathandeki ngokushesha ezingahlala amahora amaningi, okwenza ukuphuza utshwala kungakhululeki kakhulu futhi kungaba yingozi.

Imithi ngokwayo ayikwenzi uzizwe ugula yona. Ibanga izinkinga kuphela uma ihlanganiswe notshwala, okuyindlela eqondile esiza ngayo abantu ukuba bagcine ukuqonda ngokudala isithiyo esinamandla sengqondo nesomzimba ekuphuzeni.

Isetshenziselwani i-Disulfiram?

I-Disulfiram ikakhulukazi inikezwa ukusiza abantu abanokuncika okungapheli otshwaleni ukuba bagcine ukuqonda. Isebenza kahle kakhulu uma usuvele uzibophezele ekuyekeni ukuphuza futhi udinga ukwesekwa okwengeziwe ukuze ugweme ukuphindela emuva.

Udkt wakho angase ancome i-disulfiram uma uzamile ezinye izindlela zokuyeka ukuphuza kodwa wazithola ubuyela otshwaleni ngezikhathi zobuthakathaka noma ukucindezeleka. Imithi isebenza kahle kakhulu njengengxenye yohlelo olubanzi lokwelashwa oluhlanganisa ukwelulekwa, amaqembu okusekela, kanye nezinguquko zokuphila.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-disulfiram akuyona ikhambi lokulutheka kotshwala. Kunalokho, iyithuluzi elikunika isikhathi nendawo yokuthuthukisa amaqhinga okunqoba anempilo ngenkathi umzimba wakho nengqondo yakho ziphila ekuthe dependent kotshwala.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Disulfiram?

I-Disulfiram isebenza ngokuvimba i-enzyme ebalulekile esibindini sakho esivame ukwehlisa utshwala. Uma uphuza utshwala, umzimba wakho uqala ukuliguqula libe yi-acetaldehyde, bese usebenzisa i-enzyme ebizwa nge-aldehyde dehydrogenase ukuze wehlise le nto enobuthi.

Lapho i-disulfiram ivimba le enzyme, i-acetaldehyde yakha egazini lakho esikhundleni sokususwa. Lokhu kuqongelela kubangela izimpawu eziqondile nezinzima ezihlanganisa isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukubomvu, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, nobunzima bokuphefumula.

Ukusabela kuvame ukuqala kungakapheli imizuzu engu-10-30 ngemva kokusebenzisa utshwala futhi kungahlala amahora amaningana. Ngisho namanani amancane otshwala avela emithonjeni efana nokugeza umlomo, iwayini lokupheka, noma imithi ethile kungabangela lokhu kusabela, okwenza kube yinto enamandla yokuvimbela.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Disulfiram?

Thatha i-disulfiram njengoba unqunyelwe ngudokotela wakho, ngokuvamile kanye ngosuku ekuseni. Ungayithatha ngaphandle kokudla, kodwa ukuyithatha nge-breakfast kungakusiza ukuthi ukhumbule umthamo wakho wansuku zonke futhi unciphise noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka kwesisu.

Gwinya ithebhulethi yonke ngengilazi yamanzi egcwele. Ungayichobozi, uhlafune, noma uyiphule ithebhulethi, ngoba lokhu kungathinta indlela umuthi omonyelwa ngayo emzimbeni wakho.

Ngaphambi kokuqala i-disulfiram, kufanele ungabi naluphi utshwala okungenani amahora angu-12, nakuba odokotela abaningi bencoma ukulinda amahora angu-24-48. Lesi sikhathi sokulinda sibalulekile ngoba ukuthatha i-disulfiram ngokushesha ngemva kokuphuza kungabangela ukusabela okukhulu.

Kubalulekile ukugwema yonke imithombo yotshwala ngenkathi uthatha lo muthi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa imithombo esobala efana nebhiya, iwayini, nemimoya, kodwa futhi notshwala obufihliwe emikhiqizweni efana nokugeza umlomo okuthile, amasiraphu okukhwehlela, okukhishwe ukupheka, ngisho nokudla okuthile okulungiswe ngotshwala.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Disulfiram?

Isikhathi sokwelashwa nge-disulfiram sihluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu futhi sincike emigomweni yakho yokululama kanye nentuthuko. Abanye abantu bayayithatha izinyanga ezimbalwa, kanti abanye bangayisebenzisa unyaka noma ngaphezulu.

Udokotela wakho uzosebenza nawe ukuthola isikhathi esifanele esisekelwe ezintweni ezinjengomlando wakho wokuphuza, ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa ozitholayo, nokuthi usabela kahle kangakanani emuthini. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi ukuthatha i-disulfiram okungenani izinyanga eziyi-6-12 kubanika isikhathi esanele sokuthuthukisa imikhuba eqinile yokuyeka ukuphuza.

Umuthi uqhubeka nokuthinta ikhono lakho lokucubungula utshwala kuze kube amasonto amabili ngemva kokuyeka ukuwuthatha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi udinga ukugwema utshwala ngisho nangemva kokuyeka i-disulfiram kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho eqinisekisa ukuthi kuphephile ukuba notshwala emzimbeni wakho futhi.

Yiziphi Izimo Ezingezinhle Ze-Disulfiram?

Uma ithathwa ngaphandle kotshwala, i-disulfiram ngokuvamile ibangela imiphumela emincane engemihle evame ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi. Imiphumela ejwayelekile kakhulu yenzeka emasontweni ambalwa okuqala okwelashwa.

Nawa amanye amaphutha ongase uwahlangabezane nawo ngisho nalapho ugwema utshwala ngokuphelele:

• Ukozela noma ukukhathala, ikakhulukazi emasontweni ambalwa okuqala
• Ukunambitheka okuyinsimbi noma okufana negalikhi emlonyeni wakho
• Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba noma ukuvela okufana namabala
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu elivame ukuthuthuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Isiyezi, ikakhulukazi uma usukuma ngokushesha
• Isisu esibuhlungu noma isicanucanu, ikakhulukazi esiswini esingenalutho

Lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile ziyalawuleka futhi zivame ukushabalala njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi. Uma ziqhubeka noma ziba yisicefe, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokulungisa umthamo wakho noma isikhathi.

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu ayivamile kodwa idinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Lokhu kungabandakanya izinkinga ezinzima zesibindi, ukulimala kwemizwa, noma izinguquko zempilo yengqondo njengokucindezeleka noma i-psychosis, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezimo zempilo yengqondo ezikhona.

Ubani Ongafanele Athathe I-Disulfiram?

I-Disulfiram ayiphephile kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi izimo ezithile zempilo zenza kube yingozi kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa. Udokotela wakho uzohlola ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokukuyalela lo muthi.

Akufanele uthathe i-disulfiram uma unezimo ezilandelayo:

• Isifo senhliziyo esibi noma isifo semithambo yenhliziyo
• Isifo sesibindi esisebenzayo noma ukulimala okukhulu kwesibindi
• Isifo sezinso noma ukusebenza kwezinso okungahambi kahle
• I-Psychosis noma ukugula kwengqondo okukhulu
• Isithuthwane noma izifo zokuthuthumela
• Isifo sikashukela esingalawuleki kahle ushukela wegazi
• Izifo ze-thyroid, ikakhulukazi i-hyperthyroidism

Ukukhulelwa nokuncelisa ngamabele nakho kwenza i-disulfiram inganconywa, njengoba ingalimaza izingane ezisakhula. Uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa, xoxa ngezindlela eziphephile nodokotela wakho.

Imithi ethile ingasebenzisana ngendlela eyingozi ne-disulfiram, okuhlanganisa ama-blood thinners, imithi yokuthuthumela, kanye nama-antibiotics athile. Hlala utshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi kanye nezithasiselo ozithathayo.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Disulfiram

I-Disulfiram itholakala ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi Antabuse, okuyindlela evame kakhulu yokuyala lo muthi. Amaphilisi e-Antabuse eza ngamandla angu-250mg kanye no-500mg.

I-disulfiram ejwayelekile iyatholakala futhi isebenza ngendlela efanayo nenguqulo yegama lomkhiqizo. Ifomu elivamile ngokuvamile libiza kancane futhi lingase lihlanganiswe kangcono yizinhlelo zomshuwalense.

Noma ngabe uthola i-Antabuse yegama lomkhiqizo noma i-disulfiram ejwayelekile, umuthi uqukethe isithako esifanayo esisebenzayo futhi uzoba nemiphumela efanayo emzimbeni wakho ekwazi ukucubungula utshwala.

Ezinye Izindlela Zokwelapha Nge-Disulfiram

Uma i-disulfiram ingakulungele, eminye imithi eminingi ingasiza ngokuncika kotshwala. I-Naltrexone enye inketho evame ukunqunywa esebenza ngendlela ehlukile ngokunciphisa ukulangazelela utshwala kunokukugulisa.

I-Acamprosate enye enye indlela esiza ukubuyisela ibhalansi yamakhemikhali ebuchosheni bakho okuphazanyiswa utshwala. Ngokungafani ne-disulfiram, ayibangeli ukugula uma uphuza, kodwa ingasiza ukunciphisa isifiso sokuphuza utshwala.

I-Topiramate ne-gabapentin ngezinye izikhathi zinqunywa ngaphandle kwelebula yokuncika kotshwala, ikakhulukazi uma unezinye izimo ezinjengokukhathazeka noma ukuquleka okungase futhi kuphatheke ngale mithi.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi ancome izindlela ezingezona zemithi ezinjengokwelulekwa okujulile, amaqembu okusekela, noma izinhlelo zokwelashwa ezibhedlela, ezingase zisebenze kakhulu zizodwa noma zihlanganiswe nemithi.

Ingabe i-Disulfiram Ingcono Kune-Naltrexone?

I-Disulfiram ne-naltrexone zisebenza ngezindlela ezingafani ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke ukuthi iyiphi engcono kuncike esimweni sakho kanye nezintandokazi zakho. I-Disulfiram idala umgoqo ongokomzimba wokuphuza, kuyilapho i-naltrexone inciphisa isifiso sakho sokuphuza.

I-Disulfiram ingase ikulungele uma unentshiseko enkulu yokuyeka ukuphuza futhi ufuna umuthi owenza ukuphuza kungabi nakwenzeka. Ilusizo ikakhulukazi kubantu abahlupheka ngokuphuza ngokuphuthuma noma abadinga isikhuthazi esinamandla sangaphandle ukuze bagcine ukuzithiba.

I-Naltrexone ingase ibe yindlela engcono uma ungakulungele ukuzibophezela ekuyekeni ngokuphelele noma uma unezimo zezempilo ezenza i-disulfiram ingaphephile. Kulula futhi ukuyithatha ngoba akudingeki ukhathazeke ngotshwala obucashile ekudleni noma emikhiqizweni.

Abanye abantu bathola ukuthi i-disulfiram isebenza kangcono ekuvuseleleni kwasekuqaleni lapho isilingo sokuphuza sinamandla kakhulu, kanti abanye bakhetha indlela eguquguqukayo ye-naltrexone. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi uhlole izinzuzo kanye nobubi ngokuya ngezidingo zakho ezithile.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Nge-Disulfiram

Ingabe i-Disulfiram iphephile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela?

I-Disulfiram ingasetshenziswa ngabantu abanesifo sikashukela, kodwa idinga ukuqashwa ngokucophelela nokulawulwa kahle kukashukela egazini. Umuthi ungase uthinte amazinga akho kashukela egazini futhi ungase uhlangane neminye imithi yesifo sikashukela.

Uma unesifo sikashukela, udokotela wakho uzofuna ukuqapha ushukela wakho wegazi eduze lapho uqala i-disulfiram. Ungase udinge ukulungisa imithi yakho yesifo sikashukela noma uhlole ushukela wakho wegazi kaningi.

Abantu abanesifo sikashukela esingalawulwa kahle noma izinkinga zesifo sikashukela njengomonakalo wemizwa noma izinkinga zezinso kungenzeka bangabi ngabazali abahle be-disulfiram. Udokotela wakho uzohlola impilo yakho yonke nokuphathwa kwesifo sikashukela ngaphambi kokunquma lo muthi.

Ngingenzani uma ngisebenzisa i-Disulfiram eningi ngengozi?

Uma ngengozi uthatha i-disulfiram eningi kunaleyo enqunyiwe, xhumana nodokotela wakho noma ukulawulwa kwemithi enobuthi ngokushesha, ngisho noma ungezwa ugula. Ukuthatha i-disulfiram eningi kungabangela imiphumela emibi, ikakhulukazi uma uke wathatha utshwala muva nje.

Izimpawu zokweqisa kwe-disulfiram zingabandakanya isicanucanu esibi, ukuhlanza, ukudideka, ubunzima bokuphefumula, nezinkinga zenhliziyo. Lezi zimpawu zingaba yingozi ekuphileni futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha.

Ungazami ukuzenza uhlanze noma uthathe eminye imithi ngaphandle kokuthi uqondiswe ngabachwepheshe bezokwelapha. Gcina ibhodlela lomuthi unawo lapho ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuze abahlinzeki bezempilo bazi kahle ukuthi uthathe ini nokuthi ungakanani.

Ngingenzani uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo we-Disulfiram?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo we-disulfiram, yithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, ngaphandle kokuthi sekuseduze isikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe. Esimweni esinjalo, weqa umthamo ophuthelwe bese uqhubeka neshejuli yakho yokulinganisa ejwayelekile.

Ungalokothi uthathe imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ulungise umthamo ongekho, ngoba lokhu kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi. Uma uvame ukukhohlwa imithamo, cabangela ukusetha izikhumbuzi zocingo noma ukusebenzisa umhleli wamaphilisi ukukusiza ukuthi uhlale emgqeni.

Ukweqa imithamo ngezikhathi ezithile ngeke kukulimaze, kodwa ukuqina kubalulekile ukuze umuthi usebenze ngempumelelo. Uma weqa imithamo njalo, umuthi kungenzeka unganikezi ukuvikelwa okwanele ekuphuzeni utshwala.

Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-Disulfiram?

Kufanele uyeke kuphela ukuthatha i-disulfiram ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela wakho, ngisho noma uzizwa uqiniseka ngokuqonda kwakho. Ukuyeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ngaphandle kosizo olufanele kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yokuphindela emuva.

Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izinto ezinjengokuthi usunesikhathi esingakanani uqondile, inqubekela phambili yakho ekwelulekweni noma emaqenjini okusekela, nempilo yakho yonke yengqondo ngaphambi kokuncoma ukuthi uyeke nini. Abantu abaningi bayazuza ekuthathweni kwe-disulfiram okungenani izinyanga eziyi-6-12.

Khumbula ukuthi i-disulfiram iyaqhubeka nokuthinta umzimba wakho kuze kube amasonto amabili ngemuva kokuyeka ukuyithatha. Kufanele uqhubeke nokugwema konke utshwala ngalesi sikhathi, njengoba usengaba nemiphumela eyingozi ngisho nangemuva kokuyeka umuthi.

Ngingaphuza utshwala ngemuva kokuyeka i-Disulfiram?

Kufanele ulinde okungenani amasonto amabili ngemuva kokuyeka i-disulfiram ngaphambi kokuthi kuphephe ukuphuza utshwala. Umuthi uyaqhubeka nokuvimba i-enzyme ecubungula utshwala kuze kube yizinsuku eziyi-14 ngemuva komthamo wakho wokugcina.

Noma kunjalo, ngenxa nje yokuthi kuphephile ngokomzimba ukuphuza akusho ukuthi kuyalulekwa. Uma ubuthatha i-disulfiram ukusiza ngokuncika otshwaleni, ukuphuza futhi kungakubuyisela ngokushesha emikhubeni yokuphuza enezinkinga.

Ngaphambi kokucabangela ukuphuza utshwala ngemva kokuyeka i-disulfiram, xoxa ngobuqotho nodokotela wakho, umeluleki, noma iqembu lokusekela mayelana nemigomo yakho yokululama kanye nezingozi ezihilelekile. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi ukugcina ukuyeka ngokuphelele yindlela ephephe kakhulu yokululama isikhathi eside.