Yini Umgomo we-DTaP-Hepatitis B-Poliovirus-Haemophilus B? Izinzuzo, Imiphumela Eceleni, & Okulindelekile

Umjovo we-DTaP-Hepatitis B-Poliovirus-Haemophilus B ngumjovo ohlanganisiwe ovikela ezifweni ezinhlanu eziyingozi ngomjovo owodwa. Lo mgomo, owaziwa nangokuthi umgomo we-pentavalent, usiza amasosha omzimba engane yakho ukuthi akhe ukuvikeleka emabhaktheriya e-diphtheria, i-tetanus, i-pertussis (umkhuhlane wokukhwehlela), i-hepatitis B, i-polio, kanye ne-Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo b (Hib). Yenzelwe ukwenza amashejuli okugoma ezingane abe lula ngenkathi inikeza ukuvikeleka okuphelele phakathi neminyaka yokuqala yengane yakho ebuthaka.

Yiziphi izifo lo mgomo ohlanganisiwe ovikela kuzo?

Lo mgomo onamandla uvikela ingane yakho ezifweni ezinhlanu ezingase zibe yingozi empilweni. Ingxenye ngayinye iqondise esifweni esithile esingabangela izinkinga ezingathi sína ezinsaneni nasezinganeni ezincane.

Ingxenye ye-DTaP ivikela ku-diphtheria, i-tetanus, kanye ne-pertussis. I-Diphtheria ingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zokuphefumula nezinkinga zenhliziyo, kuyilapho i-tetanus iholela ekuqineni kwemisipha okubuhlungu okungabulala. I-Pertussis, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi umkhuhlane wokukhwehlela, ibangela ukukhwehlela okunamandla okungaba yingozi ikakhulu ezinganeni.

Ingxenye ye-hepatitis B ivimbela ukutheleleka kwesibindi okungaba okungapheli futhi kuholele ekulimaleni kwesibindi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ingxenye ye-poliovirus ivikela ku-polio, engabangela ukukhubazeka unomphela. Okokugcina, ingxenye ye-Haemophilus B ivikela ku-Hib, amabhaktheriya angabangela i-meningitis, i-pneumonia, nezinye izifo ezingathi sína.

Kuzizwa kanjani ukuthola lo mgomo?

Ingane yakho izothola lo mgomo njengomjovo emsipheni wethanga layo (wezinsana) noma engalweni engenhla (yezingane ezindala). Umjovo ngokwawo uthatha imizuzwana embalwa futhi uzizwa njengokuchofoza okusheshayo noma ukubhoboza.

Iningi lezingane likhala ngesikhashana uma lithola umjovo, okuyinto ejwayelekile ngokuphelele. Ukungakhululeki kuvame ukudlula ngomzuzu noma emibili. Abanye abazali bakuthola kuwusizo ukubamba ingane yabo ngesikhathi somjovo futhi banikeze induduzo ngokushesha ngemva kwawo.

Ngemva komjovo, ingane yakho ingase izwe ubuhlungu obuthile, ukubomvu, noma ukuvuvukala okuncane endaweni yokujova. Lezi zimpawu ziyizimpawu zokuthi amasosha omzimba engane yakho ayasabela emgomeni futhi akha ukuvikeleka.

Yini ebangela imiphumela emibi yalo mgomo?

Imiphumela emibi yenzeka ngoba amasosha omzimba engane yakho asebenza kanzima ukwakha ukuvikeleka ezifweni. Lapho umgomo wethula izingcezu ezincane, ezingalimazi zamagciwane, umzimba wengane yakho udala ama-antibody okulwa nawo.

Lokhu kusabela komzimba kungabangela izimpawu ezithambile ezivame ukuthatha izinsuku eziyi-1-2. Ukusabela okuvame kakhulu kwenzeka endaweni yokujova ngoba yilapho amasosha omzimba engane yakho ahlangana khona okokuqala nezingxenye zomgomo.

Imiphumela emibi ebucayi ayivamile kakhulu kodwa ingenzeka uma ingane yakho inokungezwani komzimba nesinye sezithako zomgomo. Nokho, abahlinzeki bezempilo baqeqeshwe ukubona nokwelapha lezi zimpawu ngokushesha.

Yiziphi izimo lo mgomo ongazisiza ukuzivikela?

Lo mgomo uvimbela izifo ezinhlanu ezingamathambo ezingamathambo ezake zaba yizimbangela ezivamile zokufa kwabantwana nokukhubazeka. Ukuqonda ukuthi isifo ngasinye singenzani kusiza ukuchaza ukuthi kungani lokhu kuvikeleka kubaluleke kangaka.

Nazi izimo lo mgomo osiza ukuzivikela:

• I-Diphtheria: Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane okwenza ukuthi kube khona ungqimba olujiyile emqaleni, okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula futhi okungase kubangele izinkinga zenhliziyo nemizwa
• I-Tetanus: Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane okubangela ukuqina kwemisipha okukhulu futhi okungabulala ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa
• I-Pertussis (ukukhwehlela okukhulu): Ukutheleleka ngamathambo okuphefumula okuthelelanayo okubangela ukukhwehlela okunamandla, okuyingozi ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisi-6
• I-Hepatitis B: Ukutheleleka esibindini okungaba ngapheli futhi kuholele emdlalweni wesibindi noma ukwehluleka kwesibindi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• I-Polio: Ukutheleleka ngegciwane okungabangela ukukhubazeka unomphela, izinkinga zokuphefumula, nokufa
• I-Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo b (Hib): Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane okungabangela i-meningitis, umkhuhlane wamaphaphu, nezinye izinkinga eziyingozi ekuphileni

Ngayinye yalezi zifo ingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu noma ukufa, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane ezisathuthukisa amasistimu azo omzimba. Umgomo usiza umzimba wengane yakho ukuthi ubone futhi ulwe nalezi zifo ngaphambi kokuthi zibangele ukugula.

Ingabe imiphumela emibi evela kulomgomo inganyamalala yodwa?

Yebo, imiphumela eminingi emibi evela kulomgomo imnene futhi iyanyamalala yodwa phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-1-3. Umzimba wengane yakho ngokwemvelo usebenzisa izingxenye zomgomo futhi impendulo yomzimba iyazola.

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile efana nobuhlungu endaweni yokujova, umkhuhlane omnene, noma ukukhathala ngokuvamile kuvamise ukufinyelela ezingeni eliphezulu emahoreni okuqala angama-24 bese kancane kancane kuthuthuke. Akudingeki ukuthi wenze lutho olukhethekile ngalezi zindlela ezimnene ngaphandle kokugcina ingane yakho ikhululekile.

Kodwa-ke, uma ingane yakho ithuthukisa umkhuhlane ophezulu (ngaphezu kuka-105°F), ibonakala ingagculisekile kakhulu, noma ibonisa izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba, lezi zimpawu ngeke zixazulule zodwa futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha.

Zingelashwa kanjani ekhaya imiphumela emibi yomgomo?

Ungasiza ingane yakho ukuthi izizwe ikhululekile ngemva kokugonywa ngezinyathelo ezilula zokunakekela ekhaya. Lezi zindlela ezimnene zinganciphisa imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile futhi zisize ingane yakho ukuthi ilulame ngokushesha.

Ukuze uthole ukungakhululeki endaweni yokujova, ungafaka indwangu ebandayo, emanzi endaweni imizuzu engu-10-15 ngesikhathi. Gwema ukuhlikihla noma ukubhucunga indawo yokujova, njengoba lokhu kungase kwandise ubuhlungu.

Uma ingane yakho ithuthukisa umkhuhlane omncane noma ibonakala ithukuthele, unganikeza imithamo efanele yobudala ye-acetaminophen noma i-ibuprofen ngokulandela izinkomba zephakheji. Qiniseka ukuthi ingane yakho ithola ukuphumula okuningi futhi inikeze uketshezi olwengeziwe uma inentshisekelo.

Ukunyakaza okumnene kwengalo noma umlenze ojovwe kungasiza ukunciphisa ukuqina, kodwa ungaqhubeki nomsebenzi uma ingane yakho ibonakala ingakhululekile. Iningi lezingane libuyela emisebenzini yazo ejwayelekile phakathi nosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili.

Yini ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kwezimpawu ezinzima zomgomo?

Izimpawu ezinzima zalo mgomo azivamile kakhulu, kodwa abahlinzeki bezempilo balungiselelwe ukuzelapha ngokushesha. Izindawo eziningi zokugoma zinezidakamizwa eziphuthumayo kanye nemishini etholakalayo.

Uma ingane yakho ihlangabezana nokusabela okukhulu komzimba (i-anaphylaxis), abasebenzi bezokwelapha bazosebenzisa i-epinephrine neminye imithi ephuthumayo. Bazophinda baqaphe ukuphefumula kwengane yakho, umfutho wegazi, nesilinganiso senhliziyo kuze kube yilapho ukusabela kuphela.

Ngemikhuhlane ephezulu noma ukuhlaselwa (ukuhlaselwa kwe-febrile), odokotela bangasebenzisa imithi yokunciphisa umkhuhlane, izinyathelo zokupholisa, noma imithi elwa nokuhlaselwa uma kudingeka. Lezi zimpawu, ngenkathi zesabisa, azivamile ukubangela izinkinga eziqhubekayo uma ziphathwa ngokushesha.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase ancome ukuhlehlisa imithamo yesikhathi esizayo noma ukusebenzisa amafomula ahlukene omgomo uma ingane yakho inokusabela okukhulu, nakuba lokhu kungavamile.

Kufanele ngithinte nini udokotela mayelana nezimpawu zomgomo?

Kufanele uthinte udokotela wengane yakho uma ethuthukisa izimpawu ezikhathazayo ngemva kokugonywa. Ngenkathi izinhlobo eziningi zokuphendula zithambile futhi ezilindelekile, ezinye izimpawu zibonisa ukuthi ingane yakho idinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.

Shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma ingane yakho inomkhuhlane ongaphezu kuka-105°F (40.6°C), ibonakala ilala kakhulu noma kunzima ukuyivusa, noma ikhala ngendlela engenakuqondakala ngaphezu kwamahora angu-3. Lezi zimpawu, ngenkathi zingavamile, zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Funani ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo ngokushesha uma ingane yakho ikhombisa izimpawu zokuphendula okukhulu komzimba. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala kobuso noma umphimbo, ukuqubuka okusabalalele, noma ukuhlanza okukhulu kanye nohudo phakathi kwamahora ambalwa ngemva kokugonywa.

Futhi thintana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma ububomvu noma ukuvuvukala endaweni yokujova kuba kubi ngemva kwamahora angu-24, kusabalala kakhulu, noma uma ingane yakho ithuthukisa noma yiziphi izimpawu ezikukhathazayo. Thembela emizweni yakho njengomzali - uyazi ingane yakho kangcono.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zokuphendula komgomo?

Izingane eziningi zikubekezelela kahle kakhulu lo mgomo, kodwa izici ezithile zingakhuphula kancane ingozi yokuphendula. Ukuqonda lezi zici kukusiza wena nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuthi nenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokugonywa.

Izingane ezinomlando wokuphendula okukhulu komzimba emagomeni angaphambilini noma ezingxenyeni zomgomo zibhekene nengozi enkulu yokuphendula komzimba. Udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza ngokucophelela umlando wezokwelapha wengane yakho ngaphambi kokugonywa.

Nawa amafektri angase andise ingozi yokuphendula:

• Ukuphendula okukhulu kwemithi yokugoma yangaphambilini: Izingane ezinokuphendula okukhulu emithini yokugoma yangaphambilini zingase zibe sengozini enkulu yokuphendula futhi
• Izifo zesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela: Izingane ezinamathuba amancane okuzivikela emzimbeni zingase zibe nokuphendula okuhlukile emithini yokugoma
• Imithi ethile: Eminye imithi ingase ithinte indlela umzimba ozivikela ngayo emithini yokugoma
• Ukugula okukhulu: Izingane ezinokugula okuphakathi nendawo kuya kokukhulu kufanele zilinde kuze kube yilapho zithola ukwelashwa ngaphambi kokugonywa
• Ukungezwani nezithako zomuthi wokugoma: Ukungezwani okwaziwayo nezithako ezithile zomuthi wokugoma njenge-gelatin noma ama-antibiotics

Ngisho nezingane ezinalezi zinto eziyingozi zingavame ukuthola imithi yokugoma ngokuphepha ngokuzivikela okufanele nokuqapha. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzohlola izinzuzo nezingozi zengane yakho ngayinye.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zibe khona zokungayitholi le mithi yokugoma?

Izifo ezivikelwa yile mithi yokugoma zingabangela izinkinga ezinzima ezingaphezu kakhulu kwemiphumela emibi yemithi yokugoma. Ukuqonda lezi zingozi kusiza ukubeka ukubaluleka kokugonywa ngendlela efanele.

I-Diphtheria ingabangela ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo nokukhubazeka, kuyilapho i-tetanus inesilinganiso sokufa esingu-10-20% ngisho nangokunakekelwa kwezempilo okukhulu. I-Pertussis iyingozi ikakhulukazi ezinganeni, ibangela i-pneumonia, ukulimala kobuchopho, nokufa cishe ku-1 kwezingane eziyi-100 ezinomkhuhlane.

I-Hepatitis B ingaholela ezinkingeni zesibindi ezingapheli, okuhlanganisa umdlavuza wesibindi nokuhluleka kwesibindi. I-Polio ingabangela ukukhubazeka unomphela, futhi abanye abantu badinga imishini ukubasiza baphefumule impilo yabo yonke.

I-Haemophilus influenzae type b ingabangela i-meningitis yamagciwane, eholela ekulimaleni kobuchopho, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, noma ukufa cishe ku-1 kwamacala ama-5. Ngaphambi komuthi wokugoma i-Hib, la magciwane ayeyimbangela ehamba phambili ye-meningitis yamagciwane ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5.

Lezi zinkinga zichaza ukuthi kungani abahlinzeki bezempilo bekhuthaza ngokuqinile lo mithi wokugomela ngaphandle kokuthi kukhona ingozi encane yemiphumela emibi. Ukuvikeleka okuhlinzekayo kudlula kakhulu izingozi cishe kuwo wonke umntwana.

Ingabe lo mithi wokugomela uphephile ezinganeni ezinemibandela yezempilo?

Izingane eziningi ezinemibandela yezempilo zingawuthola ngokuphephile lo mithi wokugomela, nakuba ezinye zingase zidinge izinyathelo zokuphepha ezikhethekile. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzohlola isimo somntwana wakho esithile ukuze anqume indlela engcono kakhulu.

Izingane ezinokugula okuncane njengomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane obuthakathaka ngokuvamile zingawuthola umuthi wokugomela ngokuphephile. Nokho, izingane ezinokugula okuphakathi nendawo kuya kokukhulu kufanele zilinde kuze kube yilapho zeluleka ukuze zigweme ukudida izimpawu zokugula nokusabela komuthi wokugomela.

Izingane ezinokuphazamiseka kwesistimu yokuzivikela emzimbeni zingase zidinge amashejuli okugoma aguquliwe noma ukuqapha okwengeziwe. Ezinye izingane ezithatha imithi ethile zingase zidinge ukulungiswa kwesikhathi, kodwa ukugoma kuvame ukunconywa ngoba zisenengozi enkulu yokutheleleka okukhulu.

Njalo xoxa ngemibandela yezempilo yengane yakho, imithi, nokusabela komuthi wokugomela ngaphambilini nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Bangakha uhlelo lokugoma oluphephile futhi olufanele izidingo zomntwana wakho ezithile.

Yini okungase kuthathwe njengokusabela komuthi wokugomela?

Ngezinye izikhathi abazali bakhathazeka ngokuthi ezinye izimpawu ziyizimpawu zokugoma lapho empeleni kuyizifo ezingahlobene. Izingane ezincane zigula njalo, futhi kulula ukuxhuma noma yiziphi izimpawu ekugomeni kwamuva.

Izimpawu zomkhuhlane ezivamile njengamakhala agobhozayo, ukukhwehlela, noma ukuminyana okuvela ezinsukwini ngemva kokugoma ngokuvamile kuyizifo ezingahleliwe kunokuba kube yizimpawu zokugoma. Ukusabela komuthi wokugomela kweqiniso kuvamile ukuvela phakathi kwamahora angu-24-48 ngemva kokugoma.

Izifo zesisu, izifo zendlebe, noma ezinye izifo ezivamile zezingane zingase zibonakale zihlobene nokugonywa kodwa maningi amathuba okuba zibe yizinkinga zempilo ezihlukene. Isikhathi nezimpawu ezithile kusiza ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokusabela komgomo nezifo ezingahlobene.

Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi izimpawu zomntanakho zihlobene yini nokugonywa, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Bangasiza ukuthola ukuthi izimpawu zihlobene yini nomgomo noma ngabe ingane yakho idinga ukwelashwa kwenye inkinga.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa ngalo mgomo

Umbuzo: Zingaki izithako zalo mgomo ezidingwa ingane yami?

Ingane yakho ngokuvamile idinga izithako eziyi-3-4 zalo mgomo phakathi nezinyanga zokuqala eziyi-18 zokuphila kwayo. Isheduli eqondile incike ekutheni umgomo oqondile ohlanganisiwe udokotela wakho awusebenzisa kanjani kanye nobudala bengane yakho lapho iqala ukugonywa.

Izingane eziningi zithola izithako eneminyaka emi-2, 4, kanye neziyisithupha, kanti ezinye izindlela zokulungiselela zidinga isithako sesine phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-12-18. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzokunikeza isheduli yomuntu siqu esekelwe ezidingweni zengane yakho kanye nomgomo othile osetshenzisiwe.

Umbuzo: Ingabe lo mgomo unganikezwa neminye imigomo?

Yebo, lo mgomo unganikezwa ngokuphepha neminye imigomo ejwayelekile yezingane ngesikhathi esifanayo sokuvakasha. Abahlinzeki bezempilo bavame ukuhlela imigomo ukuze banciphise inani lokuvakasha okudingekayo ngenkathi begcina ukuvikeleka.

Lapho imigomo eminingi inikezwa ndawonye, ​​inikezwa ezindaweni ezihlukene (njengezingalo noma imilenze ehlukene) ukunciphisa ukusabela kwendawo. Le ndlela ifundwe kabanzi futhi yafakazelwa ukuthi iphephile futhi iyasebenza.

Umbuzo: Ngingenzani uma ingane yami iphuthelwa isithako esihleliwe?

Uma ingane yakho iphuthelwa isithako, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze uhlele kabusha ngokushesha okukhulu. Akunasidingo sokuqala kabusha uchungechunge lonke - ingane yakho ingaqhubeka nje nesithako esilandelayo kulandelana.

Izikhawu ezinde phakathi kwemithamo azinciphisi ukusebenza komgomo, ngakho-ke ungakhathazeki uma kukhona ukubambezeleka. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzokusiza ukuthi ubuyele emgqeni ngohlelo oluceliwe.

Umbuzo: Ingabe zikhona imiphumela yesikhathi eside evela kulomgomo?

Ucwaningo olubanzi lubonisa ukuthi lo mgomo awubangeli izinkinga zempilo zesikhathi eside. Izakhi zikhishwa emzimbeni wengane yakho ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, kodwa amasosha omzimba okuvikela ahlala iminyaka eminingi.

Abanye abantu bakhathazeka ngobudlelwano phakathi kwemigomo nezimo ezinjengokuziphatha okungavamile, kodwa izifundo eziningi ezinkulu azitholanga buhlobo. Izinzuzo zesikhathi eside zokuvimbela izifo zidlula kakhulu noma yiziphi izingozi ezingaba khona.

Umbuzo: Usebenza kangakanani lo mgomo ekuvikeleni izifo?

Lo mgomo usebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvikeleni zonke izifo ezinhlanu oqondiswe kuzo. Amazinga okuvikela avame ukusuka ku-85-95% ezintweni eziningi, kanti ezinye zinikeza amazinga okuvikela aphezulu.

Noma ngabe ingane egonyiwe igula ngesinye salezi zifo, lesi sifo sivame ukuba mnene kakhulu kunokuba singabi khona umgomo. Lokhu kubonisa ukubaluleka komgomo ngisho nasezindabeni zokuphumelela.