Yini i-Emtricitabine kanye ne-Tenofovir: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Emtricitabine kanye ne-tenofovir yimithi ehlanganisiwe esiza ekuvikeleni ukutheleleka nge-HIV futhi iphathe amacala e-HIV akhona. Laba bobabili abanamandla basebenza ndawonye ukuvimbela igciwane ukuthi lingaphindaphani emzimbeni wakho, linikeze amasosha akho omzimba ithuba lokulwa.

Ungase uyazi le mithi ngamagama ayo omkhiqizo afana ne-Truvada noma i-Descovy. Sekuyisisekelo ekuvikelweni nasekwelashweni kwe-HIV, okusiza izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke ukuthi zihlale ziphilile futhi ziphile impilo egcwele.

Yini i-Emtricitabine kanye ne-Tenofovir?

I-Emtricitabine kanye ne-tenofovir yimithi emibili elwa namagciwane ehlanganiswe iphilisi elilodwa. Bangabeqembu lemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, okuzwakala kuyinkimbinkimbi kodwa okusho ukuthi amisa i-HIV ukuthi ingazikopishi.

Cabanga ngale mithi njengamabhuloki amangqamuzana avimbela indlela i-HIV eziphindaphinda ngayo. I-Emtricitabine ilingisa elinye lamabhuloki okwakha i-HIV okudingayo ukuze iphindaphane, kuyilapho i-tenofovir yenza okufanayo ngebhuloki elihlukile.

Uma ithathwa ndawonye, ​​bakha umgoqo onamandla okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuthi i-HIV izimisele emzimbeni wakho noma iphindaphane uma isivele ikhona. Le ndlela yokuhlanganisa isebenza kahle kakhulu kunokusebenzisa imithi ngayinye yodwa.

Isetshenziselwani i-Emtricitabine kanye ne-Tenofovir?

Le mithi inezinjongo ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukuvimbela ukutheleleka nge-HIV kubantu abasengozini enkulu kanye nokwelapha abantu asebenayo i-HIV. Ukuvimbela, kubizwa ngokuthi i-pre-exposure prophylaxis noma i-PrEP, enganciphisa ingozi yakho yokuthola i-HIV ngama-99% uma ithathwa njalo.

Abahlinzeki bezempilo bavame ukunikeza le nhlanganisela kubantu abasengozini enkulu yokuchayeka ku-HIV. Lokhu kuhlanganisa abantu abanabalingani abane-HIV-positive, abantu abahlanganyela ocansini olungavikelekile nabalingani abaningi, noma labo abahlanganyela izinaliti.

Ngenjongo yokwelapha, ngokuvamile kuyingxenye yohlelo olukhulu lwemithi ye-HIV. Le nhlanganisela isiza ukugcina amazinga e-viral engabonakali, okusho ukuthi igciwane alikwazi ukudluliselwa kwabanye futhi amasosha akho omzimba ahlala eqinile.

Abanye odokotela bayayibhala futhi ukuze bathole ukwelashwa kwe-hepatitis B, njengoba i-tenofovir isebenza kahle kokubili kuma-HIV namagciwane e-hepatitis B. Lesi senzo esiphindwe kabili senza ukuthi sibe yigugu ikakhulukazi kubantu ababhekene nalezi zimo zombili.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Emtricitabine ne-Tenofovir?

Le mithi ehlanganisiwe isebenza ngokugxambukela ekwazi kwe-HIV ukuzala ngaphakathi kwamaseli akho. Ithathwa njengokwelashwa okuphakathi nendawo okuqinile kwe-antiviral okusebenza kahle kakhulu uma kusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele.

Nakhu okwenzekayo emzimbeni wakho: lapho i-HIV izama ukuthelela iseli, idinga ukuguqula izinto zayo zofuzo zibe yindlela iseli lakho elingayisebenzisa. Kokubili i-emtricitabine ne-tenofovir zizifihla njengamabhuloki okwakha i-HIV ewadingayo ngale nqubo yokuguqula.

Lapho i-HIV izama ukusebenzisa lawa mabhuloki okwakha amanga, inqubo iyaphazamiseka futhi iyayeka ukusebenza. Kufana nokunikeza umuntu izingcezu zephazili ezingalungile - abakwazi ukuqeda isithombe kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bazama kanzima kangakanani.

Umuthi awuyelaphi i-HIV, kodwa uvimbela igciwane ukuthi lingaphindaphindi futhi lingasakazeki emzimbeni wakho wonke. Lokhu kunika amasosha akho omzimba isikhathi sokululama nokuhlala eqinile, okukuvumela ukuthi uphile impilo ejwayelekile, enempilo.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Emtricitabine ne-Tenofovir?

Thatha lo muthi ngendlela enembile njengoba udokotela wakho ekunqumela, ngokuvamile kanye ngosuku ngaphandle kokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla. Abantu abaningi bakuthola kulula ukukhumbula uma bewuthatha ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke, njengasekuseni noma esidlweni sakusihlwa.

Ungayithatha ngobisi, amanzi, noma ijusi - noma yini ezizwa ikhululekile esiswini sakho. Abanye abantu bakhetha ukuyithatha nokudla ukuze banciphise ukuphazamiseka kwesisu okungenzeka, nakuba lokhu kungadingeki ukuze umuthi usebenze kahle.

Ungacindezeli, ungaphiqi, noma uhlafune amaphilisi. Gwinya wonke ngengilazi yamanzi egcwele. Uma unenkinga yokugwinya amaphilisi, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nezinye izindlela noma izindlela ezingasiza.

Ukuze uthole ukuvikeleka okungcono kakhulu, ukuqina kubalulekile. Zama ukuthatha umthamo wakho phakathi newindi elifanayo lamahora amabili nsuku zonke. Ukusetha i-alamu yansuku zonke ocingweni lwakho kungakusiza ukuthi ukhumbule kuze kube yilapho kuba umkhuba wemvelo.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Emtricitabine kanye ne-Tenofovir?

Ubude besikhathi buxhomeke ekutheni kungani uyithatha. Ukuvimbela i-HIV (PrEP), ngokuvamile uzoyithatha uma nje usengozini yokuchayeka ku-HIV, okungaba izinyanga noma iminyaka.

Uma uyisebenzisela ukwelashwa kwe-HIV, ngokuvamile kuyisibopho sempilo yonke. Imithi yesimanje ye-HIV efana nale nhlanganisela yenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthi abantu abane-HIV baphile impilo ejwayelekile ngokwelashwa okufanele.

Udokotela wakho uzoqapha inqubekela phambili yakho ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile kanye nokuhlolwa. Lokhu kuqokwa kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umuthi usebenza ngempumelelo nokuthi awutholi imiphumela emibi ekhathazayo.

Ungayeki ukuthatha lo muthi ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala. Ukuyeka kungazelelwe kungaholela ekumelaneni ne-HIV noma kuvumele igciwane ukuthi liphindaphindeke ngokushesha, okungaba yingozi empilweni yakho.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Emibi Ye-Emtricitabine kanye ne-Tenofovir?

Abantu abaningi bayawuvuma lo muthi kahle, kodwa njengayo yonke imithi, ingabangela imiphumela emibi. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi imiphumela emibi engathi sína ayivamile, futhi imiphumela emibi eminingi emincane iyathuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho uzivumela.

Ake siqale ngemiphumela emibi evamile ongase uyithole emasontweni ambalwa okuqala kokwelashwa:

• Ukucasuka noma ukungakhululeki kwesisu
• Ikhanda
• Ukuqunjelwa
• Ukukhathala noma ukuzizwa ukhathele
• Isiyezi
• Ubunzima bokulala
• Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba

Lezi zimpawu zivame ukushabalala njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi. Ukuwuthatha nokudla kungasiza ekunciphiseni isicanucanu, futhi ukuhlala unamanzi kahle kungase kunciphise ikhanda.

Imiphumela emibi engathi sína idinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha, nakuba ingavamile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinkinga zezinso, izinguquko ekuminyaneni kwamathambo, kanye nesimo esingavamile kodwa esibi esibizwa ngokuthi i-lactic acidosis.

Nazi izimpawu zokuxwayisa ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha:

• Isicanucanu esibi nokuhlanza
• Ubuhlungu obungavamile bemisipha noma ubuthakathaka
• Ukuphefumula kanzima
• Ubuhlungu besisu obuhambisana nesicanucanu
• Ukuzizwa kubanda, ikakhulukazi ezingalweni nasemilenzeni
• Isiyezi noma ukuzizwa unovalo
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu. Ukutholwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokwelashwa kwemiphumela emibi engathi sína kungavimbela izinkinga.

Eminye imiphumela emibi engavamile kodwa ebalulekile ihlanganisa izinkinga ezinkulu zesibindi, ezingabangela ukuphuzi kwesikhumba noma amehlo, umchamo omnyama, noma ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu. Ushintsho ekusebenzeni kwezinso lungase luvele njengoshintsho emaphethini okuchama noma ukuvuvukala ezinyaweni noma emaqakaleni akho.

Ubani Ongafanele Athathwe I-Emtricitabine ne-Tenofovir?

Lo muthi awufaneleki kuwo wonke umuntu. Udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nesimo sakho sempilo yamanje ngaphambi kokuwunika.

Abantu abanezifo ezinzima zezinso ngokuvamile akufanele bathathe le nhlanganisela ngoba yomibili imithi ingathinta ukusebenza kwezinso. Udokotela wakho uzohlola ukusebenza kwezinso zakho ngemivivinyo yegazi ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa.

Uma unomlando wezinkinga zesibindi, okuhlanganisa i-hepatitis B, ukuqapha okukhethekile kuyadingeka. Ukuyeka lo muthi ngokuzumayo kubantu abane-hepatitis B kungabangela ukuqubuka okuyingozi kokuvuvukala kwesibindi.

Nazi izimo ezidinga ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile noma ezingakuvimbela ekuthathweni kwalo muthi:

• Isifo esibi sezinso noma ukwehluleka kwezinso
• Isifo sesibindi esisebenzayo noma ama-enzyme esibindi aphakanyiswe kakhulu
• Izinkinga zamathambo njenge-osteoporosis noma ukuphuka okuvamile
• Umlando we-lactic acidosis
• Ukukhulelwa (nakuba amafomula amasha angase aphephe)

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzohlola izinzuzo ngokumelene nezingozi ezingaba khona ngokuya ngesimo sakho somuntu ngamunye. Ngezinye izikhathi izinzuzo zokuvimbela noma ukwelashwa kwe-HIV zidlula izingozi, ngisho nalezizimo.

Imithi ethile ingase ihlangane nalolu hlobo, okungenzeka ukuthi ilenze lingasebenzi kahle noma lenze imiphumela emibi yande. Hlala utshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi, izithasiselo, nemikhiqizo yezitshalo oyithathayo.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Emtricitabine kanye ne-Tenofovir

Le nhlanganisela yemithi itholakala ngaphansi kwamagama amaningi omkhiqizo, i-Truvada iyona eyaziwa kakhulu. I-Truvada iqukethe i-emtricitabine kanye ne-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, ifomula yokuqala.

I-Descovy wumkhiqizo omusha oqukethe i-emtricitabine kanye ne-tenofovir alafenamide. Le nguqulo entsha ivame ukuba lula ezinso nasemathanjeni ngenkathi isebenza ngokulinganayo ngokumelene ne-HIV.

Amanye amagama omkhiqizo afaka i-Atripla, ehlanganisa le duo ne-efavirenz yokwelashwa kwe-HIV, kanye ne-Complera, engeza i-rilpivirine. Lawa maphilisi ahlanganisiwe anciphisa inani lemithi okudingeka uyithathe nsuku zonke.

Izinhlobo ezivamile zale mithi nazo ziyatholakala, ezingabiza kakhulu ngenkathi zinikeza ukusebenza okufanayo. Umshwalense wakho kanye nomhlinzeki wezempilo bangakusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi iyiphi inketho esebenza kangcono esimweni sakho.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Emtricitabine kanye ne-Tenofovir

Kukhona ezinye izindlela uma le nhlanganisela ingakusebenzeli noma idala imiphumela emibi. Ukukhetha kuncike ekutheni uyisebenzisela ukuvimbela noma ukwelapha.

Ukuvimbela i-HIV (i-PrEP), ezinye izindlela zihlanganisa i-cabotegravir ejovwayo (i-Apretude), enikezwa njalo ezinyangeni ezimbili esikhundleni samaphilisi ansuku zonke. Le ndlela isebenza kahle kubantu abahlushwa ukunamathela emithini yansuku zonke.

Ukwelashwa kwe-HIV, inhlanganisela eminingi yemithi iyatholakala. Lokhu kungabandakanya izithiyo ze-integrase njenge-dolutegravir noma i-bictegravir, ngokuvamile ihlanganiswe neminye imithi ye-backbone.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase ancome ezinye izindlela uma uhlangabezana nezinkinga zezinso, izinkinga zokuminyana kwamathambo, noma eminye imiphumela emibi. Indawo yokwelashwa kwe-HIV inikeza izinketho eziningi eziphumelelayo, ngakho-ke kungenzeka kukhona inhlanganisela esebenza kahle emzimbeni wakho.

Ingabe i-Emtricitabine ne-Tenofovir Ingcono Kunezinye Imithi ye-HIV?

Le nhlanganisela ibe yizinga legolide lokuvimbela nokwelashwa kwe-HIV iminyaka eminingi, kodwa

Abantu abanezinkinga ezincane zezinso bangavame ukuthatha lo muthi ngokuqapha, kodwa labo abanezifo ezinzima zezinso ngokuvamile abakwazi. Udokotela wakho uzohlola ukusebenza kwezinso zakho ngemivivinyo yegazi ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa futhi njalo ngenkathi uwuthatha.

Uma unezinkinga zezinso, ifomula entsha (tenofovir alafenamide) etholakala ku-Descovy ngokuvamile ilula ezinso kune-version endala ku-Truvada. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi iyiphi inketho ephephe kakhulu kuwe.

Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngithatha i-Emtricitabine ne-Tenofovir ngokungahlosiwe?

Uma ngabe uthatha umthamo owengeziwe ngengozi, ungapheli amandla. Ukuthatha umthamo wakho ophindwe kabili ngezikhathi ezithile akunakwenzeka ukuthi kubangele ukulimala okukhulu, kodwa kufanele uxhumane nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo noma ukulawulwa kwezinto ezinobuthi ukuze uthole isiqondiso.

Qaphela izimpawu ezinjengokugula okukhulu, ukuhlanza, noma ukukhathala okungajwayelekile. Uma uhlangabezana nalokhu noma uzizwa ungaphilile, funa ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Ungazami "ukulungisa" umthamo owengeziwe ngokususa umthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe.

Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo we-Emtricitabine ne-Tenofovir?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo, wuthatha ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, ngaphandle uma sekuyisikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe. Kuleso simo, weqa umthamo ophuthelwe bese uqhubeka neshejuli yakho ejwayelekile.

Ungalokothi uthathe imithamo emibili ngasikhathi sinye ukuze ulungise umthamo ophuthelwe. Ukuvimbela i-HIV, ukuphuthelwa imithamo ngezikhathi ezithile kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle, ngakho zama ukubuyela emkhondweni ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa kwe-HIV, ukuqina kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela ukumelana.

Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-Emtricitabine ne-Tenofovir?

Ukuvimbela i-HIV, ungasusa uma ungasengozini yokuchayeka ku-HIV, kodwa xoxa ngalesi sinqumo nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo kuqala. Bangase batusa ukuqhubeka uma izici zakho zengozi zingashintshanga.

Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa nge-HIV, akufanele uyeke ngaphandle kokugadwa ngudokotela. Ukuyeka ukwelashwa nge-HIV kungaholela ekubuyeni okusheshayo kwamagciwane kanye nokumelana okungenzeka nemithi. Udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukuthi ubhekane nanoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuqhubeka nokwelashwa.

Ngingakwazi yini ukuphuza utshwala ngenkathi ngithatha i-Emtricitabine ne-Tenofovir?

Ukuphuza utshwala ngokulinganisela kuvamile ukuthi kulungile ngale mithi, kodwa ukuphuza ngokweqile kungandisa ingozi yezinkinga zesibindi neminye imiphumela emibi. Njengoba womabili umuthi notshwala kungathinta isibindi sakho, kuhle ukunciphisa ukuthatha utshwala.

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo mayelana nokuthi yini ehlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala okuphephile esimweni sakho. Bangakunikeza isiqondiso esiqondene nawe esisekelwe empilweni yakho yonke neminye imithi ongase uyithathe.