Yini i-Fosphenytoin: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni Nokunye

I-Fosphenytoin iyimithi enamandla yokulwa nokuthuthumela enikezwa ngomjovo lapho kudingeka ukulawulwa kokuthuthumela ngokushesha. Empeleni iyi-phenytoin yesimanje, ephephe kakhulu esebenza ngokushesha futhi ebangela izinkinga ezimbalwa endaweni yomjovo.

Le mithi ivame ukusetshenziswa ezibhedlela nasezindaweni eziphuthumayo lapho othile enokuthuthumela okukhulu okungami ngokwako. Cabanga ngayo njengethuluzi eliphuthumayo lezokwelapha elisetshenziswa abahlinzeki bezempilo ukuze bathulise ngokushesha izivunguvungu zikagesi ezenzeka ebuchosheni.

Yini i-Fosphenytoin?

I-Fosphenytoin iyimithi elwa nokuthuthumela ejovwayo eyingxenye yeqembu lemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-anticonvulsants. Yilokho odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi i-“prodrug,” okusho ukuthi iguqulela ku-phenytoin uma isemzimbeni wakho.

Le mithi yakhelwe ngqo ukuxazulula ezinye zezinkinga ezazihambisana nokunikeza imijovo ye-phenytoin. Ngenkathi i-phenytoin isetshenziswe amashumi eminyaka ukwelapha ukuthuthumela, ukuyinika nge-IV kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu wezicubu nezinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo.

I-Fosphenytoin inobungani obukhulu emithanjeni yakho nasenhliziyweni, okuyenza iphephe kakhulu ukusetshenziswa ezimweni eziphuthumayo. Inganikezwa ngemigqa ye-IV kanye nemijovo yemisipha, inikeze odokotela ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe ezimweni eziphuthumayo.

Isetshenziselwani i-Fosphenytoin?

I-Fosphenytoin isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukwelapha i-status epilepticus, okuyilapho ukuthuthumela kuthatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu emihlanu noma lapho ukuthuthumela okuningi kwenzeka ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokululama phakathi kwabo. Lokhu kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Odokotela futhi basebenzisa le mithi ukuvimbela ukuthuthumela ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kobuchopho noma lapho othile engakwazi ukuthatha imithi yabo ejwayelekile yokuthuthumela ngomlomo. Kuyasiza ikakhulukazi lapho iziguli zingazi lutho, zisebenzisa imishini yokuphefumula, noma zihlinzwa.

Kwezinye izimo, abahlinzeki bezempilo bangasebenzisa i-fosphenytoin njengebhuloho lesikhashana ngenkathi bedlulisa iziguli phakathi kwemithi ehlukene yokulwa nokuthuthumela. Lokhu kusiza ekuvikeleni ukuthuthumela okungazelelwe ngesikhathi sokushintshwa kwemithi.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Fosphenytoin?

I-Fosphenytoin isebenza ngokuzinzisa amaseli ezinzwa asebenzayo ebuchosheni bakho. Lapho ukuthuthumela kwenzeka, amasignali kagesi ebuchosheni ashisa ngokushesha kakhulu futhi asakazeka ngokungavamile, njengombani.

Umuthi uvimba iziteshi ezithile kumaseli ezinzwa ezivumela i-sodium ukuthi idlule. Ngokulawula lokhu kugeleza kwe-sodium, i-fosphenytoin isiza ukwehlisa umsebenzi kagesi osheshayo, ongavamile obangela ukuthuthumela.

Lokhu kuthathwa njengomuthi olwa nokuthuthumela olunamandla amancane. Akuyona inketho yokuqala yokuthuthumela okuncane, kodwa isebenza kahle kakhulu ezimweni eziphuthumayo zokuthuthumela okungathi sína, okusongela impilo. Imiphumela ngokuvamile iqala phakathi kwemizuzu eyi-10-20 yokujova.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Fosphenytoin?

I-Fosphenytoin inikezwa kuphela ochwepheshe bezempilo ezindaweni zezokwelapha njengezibhedlela noma amagumbi eziphuthumayo. Ngeke uthathe lo muthi ekhaya noma uzinike wona.

Umuthi unganikezwa ngomugqa we-IV engalweni yakho noma njengomjovo emisipheni emikhulu. Ukuphathwa kwe-IV kuvamile ezimweni eziphuthumayo ngoba kusebenza ngokushesha, kanti imijovo yemisipha ingase isetshenziswe lapho ukufinyelela kwe-IV kunzima.

Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizokuqapha eduze ngesikhathi nangemva komjovo. Bazohlola isigqi senhliziyo yakho, umfutho wegazi, nokuphefumula ngoba umuthi ungase uthinte le misebenzi ebalulekile. Akudingeki ukhathazeke ngesikhathi sokudla ngoba lokhu akuyona imithi yomlomo.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Fosphenytoin?

I-Fosphenytoin ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwesikhashana ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha. Abantu abaningi bayithola ngemithamo embalwa nje emahoreni noma ezinsukwini ngesikhathi besesibhedlela.

Isikhathi sokwelashwa sincike ekutheni kungani usithola. Uma une-status epilepticus, ungase uthole umthamo owodwa noma emibili ukuze kumise ukuquleka. Ukuvimbela ukuquleka ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, ungase ukuthole ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, nangemva nje kwenqubo.

Udkt wakho ngokuvamile uzokushintshela emithini yokuquleka yomlomo uma usuzinzile futhi ukwazi ukugwinya ngokuphepha. Lo muthi awenzelwe ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside ekhaya.

Yiziphi Izimo Ezingezinhle Zomuthi i-Fosphenytoin?

Njengayo yonke imithi, i-fosphenytoin ingabangela imiphumela emibi, nakuba leyo engathi sína ingavamile uma inikezwa ngendlela efanele ezindaweni zezokwelapha. Imiphumela eminingi emibi ingeyesikhashana futhi iyanyamalala njengoba umuthi usuphela.

Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ongase uyithole ihlanganisa isiyezi, ukozela, nomuzwa wokungazinzi. Abanye abantu baphinde baqaphele isicanucanu, ikhanda elibuhlungu, noma ukudideka okuncane njengoba umzimba wabo ujwayela umuthi.

Imiphumela emibi ekhathazayo ingahlanganisa izinguquko ekushayeni kwenhliziyo, umfutho wegazi ophansi, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula. Yingakho uzoqashwa eduze ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha liqeqeshwe ukubheka le miphumela futhi lisabele ngokushesha uma kwenzeka.

Abanye abantu bazwa ukuluma, ukusha, noma ukulunywa, ikakhulukazi endaweni yabo yamathanga. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-purple glove syndrome" futhi akuvamile kakhulu nge-fosphenytoin uma kuqhathaniswa ne-phenytoin ejwayelekile.

Imiphumela emibi engavamile kodwa engathi sína ingahlanganisa ukusabela okukhulu komzimba, izifo zegazi, noma izinkinga zesibindi. Nokho, lokhu akuvamile ngokusetshenziswa kwesikhashana, futhi ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizobheka izimpawu zalezi zinkinga.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole i-Fosphenytoin?

I-Fosphenytoin ayifanele wonke umuntu, futhi ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizocabangela ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezempilo ngaphambi kokukunika yona. Abantu abanezimo ezithile zenhliziyo bangase badinge ukuqashwa okwengeziwe noma ukwelashwa okuhlukile.

Uma wazi ukuthi unokungezwani komzimba ne-phenytoin noma i-fosphenytoin, akufanele uthole lo muthi. Odokotela bakho bazophinda baqaphele uma unezinkinga ezinkulu zokushaya kwenhliziyo, izinhlobo ezithile zokuvinjwa kwenhliziyo, noma umfutho wegazi ophansi kakhulu.

Abantu abanezifo zesibindi ezinzima bangase badinge ukulungiswa komthamo ngoba isibindi sicubungula lo muthi. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizobheka neminye imithi oyithathayo, njengoba eminye imithi ingasebenzisana ne-fosphenytoin.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe badinga ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile, njengoba i-fosphenytoin ingase ithinte ingane esakhula. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziphuthumayo zokuhlaselwa yisithuthwane okusongela impilo, izinzuzo zivame ukwedlula izingozi.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Fosphenytoin

Igama elivamile lomkhiqizo we-fosphenytoin yi-Cerebyx, ekhiqizwa yi-Pfizer. Lona umkhiqizo wokuqala owavunywa yi-FDA.

Izinhlobo ze-fosphenytoin ezivamile nazo ziyatholakala futhi zisebenza ngempumelelo njengenguqulo yegama lomkhiqizo. Isibhedlela sakho noma indawo yezokwelapha ngokuvamile izogcina noma iyiphi inguqulo abayithandayo ngokusekelwe ezindlekweni nokutholakala.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Fosphenytoin

Eminye imithi eminingi ingasetshenziswa ukwelapha ukuhlaselwa yisithuthwane okunzima lapho i-fosphenytoin ingafaneleki. I-Lorazepam (Ativan) ivame ukusetshenziswa njengokwelashwa kokuqala kwe-status epilepticus ngoba isebenza ngokushesha kakhulu.

I-Levetiracetam (Keppra) enye indlela engatholakala ngomjovo futhi inokusebenzisana okuncane kwemithi. I-Valproic acid (Depacon) nayo isetshenziselwa izimo eziphuthumayo zokuhlaselwa yisithuthwane, ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni ezithile ze-epilepsy.

Ukuze kuqhubeke ukuphathwa kokuhlaselwa yisithuthwane, imithi yomlomo efana ne-phenytoin, i-carbamazepine, noma imithi emisha efana ne-lamotrigine ingase isetshenziswe. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha enye indlela engcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile kanye nomlando wezokwelapha.

Ingabe i-Fosphenytoin Ingcono Kune-Phenytoin?

I-Fosphenytoin inikeza izinzuzo eziningi ngaphezu kwe-phenytoin yendabuko uma inikezwa ngomjovo. Kuphephe kakhulu emithanjeni yakho nenhliziyo, futhi inganikezwa ngokushesha ngaphandle kokubangela ukulimala kwezicubu okwenzeka ngezinye izikhathi nge-phenytoin.

Inzuzo enkulu ukuthi i-fosphenytoin inganikezwa ngemigqa emincane ye-IV futhi inganikezwa ngisho nasemisipheni, kuyilapho i-phenytoin idinga imithambo emikhulu nokuphathwa kancane. Lokhu kwenza i-fosphenytoin isebenze kakhulu ezimweni eziphuthumayo.

Nokho, yomibili imithi isebenza ngendlela efanayo uma isemzimbeni wakho, ngoba i-fosphenytoin iguqulwa ibe yi-phenytoin. Ukukhetha phakathi kwazo kuvame ukuncika ekutheni ukwelashwa kudingeka ngokushesha kangakanani nokuthi hlobo luni lokufinyelela kwe-IV olutholakalayo.

Ukuze kulawulwe ukuquleka kwesikhathi eside, i-phenytoin yomlomo isasetshenziswa kakhulu futhi ayibizi kangako kune-fosphenytoin injections. Ifomu elijovwayo lenzelwe ngempela ukusetshenziswa eziphuthumayo nasemitholampilo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Fosphenytoin

Umbuzo 1. Ingabe i-Fosphenytoin iphephile ezigulini zenhliziyo?

I-Fosphenytoin ngokuvamile iphephe kune-phenytoin injections ejwayelekile ezigulini zenhliziyo, kodwa isadinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela. Umuthi ungathinta ukushaya kwenhliziyo nomfutho wegazi, ngakho-ke ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizobheka inhliziyo yakho ngokucophelela ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Uma unezimo zenhliziyo ezinzima njengokuvaleka kwenhliziyo okukhulu noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane kakhulu, odokotela bakho bangase bakhethe eminye imithi. Nokho, ezimweni eziphuthumayo zokuquleka ezisongela impilo, izinzuzo zivame ukwedlula izingozi zenhliziyo.

Umbuzo 2. Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngithola i-Fosphenytoin eningi ngengozi?

Njengoba i-fosphenytoin inikezwa kuphela ochwepheshe bezempilo ezindaweni zezokwelapha, ukweqisa ngengozi akuvamile. Uma kunikezwa okuningi, cishe uzothola imiphumela emibi enamandla njengobuthongo obukhulu, ukudideka, noma izinguquko ekushayeni kwenhliziyo.

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha liqeqeshwe ukubona nokwelapha izimpawu zokweqisa ngokushesha. Bangase bakunikeze imithi yokusekela ukuphefumula kwakho nomsebenzi wenhliziyo ngenkathi i-fosphenytoin isuswa ohlelweni lwakho.

Q3. Kwenzekani Uma Ngingaphuthelwa Umthamo We-Fosphenytoin?

Ukuphuthelwa umthamo akuyona into okudingeka ukhathazeke ngayo njengoba ochwepheshe bezempilo belawula yonke imithamo. Uma kufanele uthole imithamo eminingi futhi omunye ulibazisekile, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizolungisa isikhathi ngokusekelwe ekulawuleni kwakho ukuquleka kanye namazinga egazi.

Odokotela bakho bazobheka ukusabela kwakho futhi bangase bahlole amazinga egazi ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi uthola inani elifanele lemithi lesimo sakho.

Q4. Ngingayeka Nini Ukuthatha I-Fosphenytoin?

Awunqumi ukuthi uyeka nini i-fosphenytoin njengoba inikezwa ezindaweni zezokwelapha ukuze isetshenziswe isikhashana. Odokotela bakho bazoyeka uma ukuquleka kwakho kulawulwa futhi ungathatha imithi yomlomo ngokuphepha.

Ushintsho ngokuvamile lwenzeka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, kuye ngokuthi ukululama kwakho kanye nekhono lokugwinya imithi. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizoqinisekisa ukuthi unokuvikeleka okwanele ekuqulekeni ngesikhathi salolu shintsho.

Q5. Ingabe I-Fosphenytoin Inganikezwa Ekhaya?

Cha, i-fosphenytoin ayinikezwa ekhaya. Idinga ukugadwa kwezokwelapha okuchwepheshile ngenxa yamathuba okuba nemiphumela emibi engathí sina ethinta inhliziyo yakho, ukuphefumula, nomfutho wegazi.

Uma udinga ukulawulwa kokuquleka kwesikhathi eside ekhaya, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imithi yomlomo. Imithi yokuquleka eziphuthumayo yokusetshenziswa ekhaya ihlukile futhi ihlanganisa izinketho ezinjenge-nasal sprays noma ama-gel e-rectal amalungu omndeni angawanikeza ngokuphepha.