Yini i-Galantamine: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni Nokunye

I-Galantamine iyikhambi elibhalwe ngudokotela elisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukwelapha ukuwohloka kwengqondo okungahambisani kakhulu kuya kokulingene okubangelwa yi-Alzheimer's disease. Lo muthi ungowodidi lwemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-cholinesterase inhibitors, asebenza ngokusiza amaseli obuchopho ukuthi axhumane ngempumelelo enkulu.

Uma wena noma othandekayo wakho enikwe i-galantamine, cishe ufuna ulwazi olucacile, oluqinisekisayo mayelana nokuthi isebenza kanjani nokuthi yini ongayilindela. Ake sihambe kukho konke okudingeka ukwazi ngalo muthi ngamagama alula, asebenzayo.

Yini i-Galantamine?

I-Galantamine iyikhambi lobuchopho elisiza ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo nezinkinga zokucabanga kubantu abane-Alzheimer's disease. Ivela kumxube wemvelo otholwe ekuqaleni ezimbalini ze-snowdrop kanye nama-daffodils, nakuba umuthi owutholayo wenziwa elabhorethri.

Lo muthi awelaphi i-Alzheimer's disease, kodwa ungasiza ukugcina amakhono okucabanga nokusebenza kwansuku zonke isikhathi esithile. Cabanga ngayo njengokunikeza uhlelo lokuxhumana lobuchopho bakho ukukhuthaza okuncane uma ludinga ukusekelwa okwengeziwe.

I-Galantamine iyatholakala njengamaphilisi avamile, amaphilisi akhishwe isikhathi eside, kanye nesixazululo esiwuketshezi. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha ifomu elingcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zakho ezithile nokuthi ukwazi kangakanani ukugwinya izinhlobo ezahlukene zemithi.

Isetshenziselwani i-Galantamine?

I-Galantamine ibhalwa ikakhulukazi ukuwohloka kwengqondo okungahambisani kakhulu kuya kokulingene okuhambisana ne-Alzheimer's disease. Isiza ukuthuthukisa noma ukugcina imisebenzi yokuqonda efana nenkumbulo, ukucabanga, kanye nekhono lokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke.

Udokotela wakho angase akubhalele i-galantamine uma uhlangabezana nezinkinga zenkumbulo, ukudideka, noma ubunzima ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke efana nokuphatha izimali noma ukulungisa ukudla. Umuthi usebenza kahle kakhulu uma uqala ezigabeni zokuqala ze-Alzheimer's disease.

Ngesinye isikhathi odokotela bangase banikeze i-galantamine kwezinye izimo ezihlobene nenkumbulo, nakuba lokhu kungavamile. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzohlola ngokucophelela izimpawu zakho nomlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuncoma lokhu kwelashwa.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Galantamine?

I-Galantamine isebenza ngokuvimba i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-acetylcholinesterase, evame ukwehlisa i-acetylcholine ebuchosheni bakho. I-Acetylcholine iyikhemikhali ethumela imiyalezo esiza amaseli ezinzwa ukuthi axhumane, ikakhulukazi ngenkumbulo nokufunda.

Esifweni i-Alzheimer's, ngokuvamile akukho i-acetylcholine eyanele etholakalayo ukuze amaseli obuchopho axhumane kahle. Ngokuvimba i-enzyme eyayiqeda, i-galantamine isiza ukugcina okuningi kwaleli khemikhali elibalulekile ebuchosheni.

Lo muthi uthathwa njengosebenza kahle ngokulinganisela kunokuba kube ukungenelela okuqinile. Ngokuvamile inikeza ukuthuthuka okuncane ekusebenzeni ngengqondo futhi kungasiza ukunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwezimpawu izinyanga eziningana kuya eminyakeni embalwa.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Galantamine?

Thatha i-galantamine ngendlela udokotela wakho ayala ngayo, ngokuvamile kabili ngosuku ngokudla kwasekuseni nakusihlwa. Ukuyithatha nokudla kusiza ukunciphisa isisu esibuhlungu futhi kuthuthukisa ukuthi umzimba wakho uyimunca kahle kangakanani imithi.

Ngamaphilisi avamile, wagwinye wonke ngengilazi yamanzi egcwele. Amaphilisi akhishwe isikhathi eside akufanele achotshozwe, ahlafunwe, noma avulwe. Uma uthatha uhlobo oluwuketshezi, sebenzisa idivayisi yokulinganisa enikeziwe ukuze uqinisekise ukulinganisa okunembile.

Zama ukuthatha imithamo yakho ngezikhathi ezifanayo nsuku zonke ukuze ugcine amazinga aqhubekayo ohlelweni lwakho. Uma unenkinga yokukhumbula imithamo, cabangela ukusetha ama-alamu ocingweni noma ukusebenzisa umhleli wamaphilisi.

Kuyasiza ukudla okuthile okukhulu ngaphambi kokuthatha i-galantamine, hhayi nje ukudla okulula. Ukudla okunama-protein athile noma amafutha kungaba kuhle kakhulu ekuvikeleni ukucasuka kwesisu.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Eside Kangakanani I-Galantamine?

Abantu abaningi bathatha i-galantamine izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya eminyakeni eminingi, uma nje iqhubeka nokunikeza inzuzo futhi yamukeleka kahle. Udokotela wakho uzohlola njalo ukuthi umuthi usebenza kahle kangakanani nokuthi kufanele uqhubeke yini ukuwuthatha.

Izinzuzo ze-galantamine zivame ukubonakala kakhulu ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala kuya eminyakeni emibili yokwelashwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, umuthi ungase usize ukunciphisa ukwehla okuqhubekayo kunokuthi unikeze ukuthuthuka okucacile.

Udokotela wakho cishe uzohlela ukuhlolwa okuvamile njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha ukuqapha ukusabela kwakho emuthini. Lokhu kuvakasha kusiza ukunquma ukuthi i-galantamine isasiza yini nokuthi ngabe kudingeka yini ukulungiswa komthamo.

Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha i-galantamine ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala. Uma ukuyeka kudingekile, udokotela wakho anganciphisa kancane umthamo wakho ukuze anciphise noma yimiphi imiphumela yokuhoxiswa okungenzeka.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni ye-Galantamine?

Njengayo yonke imithi, i-galantamine ingabangela imiphumela emibi, yize kungewona wonke umuntu oyitholayo. Imiphumela eminingi emibi imnene kuya kokulingene futhi ivame ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho uzivumela emuthini.

Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ongase uyithole ihlanganisa izinkinga zokugaya ukudla nokungakhululeki okujwayelekile. Nakhu abantu abaningi abakuqaphelayo lapho beqala i-galantamine:

• Ukucasuka nokuhlanza
• Ukuqunjelwa noma izitulo ezixekile
• Ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
• Ukuncipha kwesisindo
• Isiyezi noma ikhanda
• Ukukhathala noma ubuthakathaka
• Ubuhlungu besisu noma ukungagayeki kahle kokudla

Le miphumela emibi ejwayelekile ivame ukwenzeka emasontweni ambalwa okuqala okwelashwa futhi ivame ukuba ngaphansi kokuphazamisa njengoba umzimba wakho uzivumela emuthini.

Abanye abantu bangase bathole imiphumela emibi engathi sína kodwa engavamile edinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha. Ngenkathi lokhu kungavamile, kubalulekile ukukwazi:

• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane noma okungajwayelekile
• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Ukuphalaza okukhulu noma ukushoda kwamanzi emzimbeni
• Ukuquleka noma isiyezi esikhulu
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha noma ukuthuthumela
• Ukushaywa yisithuthwane noma ukugonyuluka
• Izimpawu zezinkinga zesibindi njengokuphuzi kwesikhumba noma amehlo

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yimaphi alawa maphuzu abucayi, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha noma funa ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo.

Ubani Ongafanele Athathe I-Galantamine?

I-Galantamine ayifanele wonke umuntu, futhi udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuyinika. Izimo ezithile zempilo kanye nemithi kungenza i-galantamine ingaphephile noma ingasebenzi kahle.

Akufanele uthathe i-galantamine uma unenkinga yokungezwani nayo noma uke waba nokusabela okukhulu emithini efanayo esikhathini esidlule. Udokotela wakho uzophinda aqaphele uma unezimo ezithile zempilo.

Abantu abanezimo ezilandelayo bangase badinge ukuqashwa okukhethekile noma bangase bangakwazi ukuthatha i-galantamine ngokuphepha:

• Isifo esibi sezinso noma sesibindi
• Izinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo noma izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo elihamba kancane
• Izilonda zesisu noma izifo zokuphuma kwegazi
• Isifuba somoya noma izinkinga ezinkulu zokuphefumula
• Izifo zokushaywa yisithuthwane noma isithuthwane
• Ukuvinjelwa kwesitho somchamo noma umgudu womchamo

Njalo tshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo, okuhlanganisa nemithi etholakala ngaphandle kwe-oda kanye nezithasiselo, njengoba ezinye zingase zisebenzisane ne-galantamine.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Galantamine

I-Galantamine itholakala ngaphansi kwamagama amaningi omkhiqizo, i-Razadyne iyona evame ukunqunywa e-United States. Ungase futhi uyibone ithengiswa njenge-Razadyne ER yefomula yokukhishwa isikhathi eside.

Amanye amagama omkhiqizo afaka i-Reminyl, okuyigama lomkhiqizo wokuqala ngaphambi kokuthi lishintshwe libe yi-Razadyne. Izinhlobo ze-generic ze-galantamine nazo ziyatholakala kabanzi futhi zisebenza ngempumelelo njengezinhlobo zegama lomkhiqizo.

Ikhambi lakho lingashintsha ngohlobo olujwayelekile ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ecela ngqo igama lomkhiqizo. I-Galantamine ejwayelekile iqukethe isithako esifanayo esisebenzayo futhi isebenza ngendlela efanayo, ngokuvamile ngentengo ephansi.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Galantamine

Uma i-galantamine ingasebenzi kahle kuwe noma ibangela imiphumela emibi, udokotela wakho unezinye izinketho eziningana okufanele azicabangele. Ezinye izithiyo ze-cholinesterase zisebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-galantamine kodwa zingase zibekezelelwe kangcono ngabanye abantu.

I-Donepezil (Aricept) enye i-cholinesterase inhibitor evame ukuzanywa kuqala ngoba idinga kuphela ukuthathwa kanye ngosuku. I-Rivastigmine (Exelon) iyatholakala ngamaphilisi, uketshezi, noma iziqeshana zesikhumba, ezingaba usizo kubantu abanobunzima bokugwinya.

Ngesifo i-Alzheimer esithuthuke kakhulu, udokotela wakho angase acabangele i-memantine (Namenda), esebenza ngendlela ehlukile kune-galantamine futhi ngezinye izikhathi ingasetshenziswa kanye nezithiyo ze-cholinesterase.

Izindlela ezingezona zemithi ezinjengokwelashwa ngengqondo, ukuzivocavoca njalo, kanye nokuzibandakanya emphakathini nazo zingaba izithasiselo eziwusizo kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lokwelapha izinkinga zenkumbulo.

Ingabe i-Galantamine ingcono kune-Donepezil?

Kokubili i-galantamine ne-donepezil ziyimithi esebenzayo yesifo i-Alzheimer, kodwa akukho noyedwa othi “ungcono” kunomunye. Ukukhetha phakathi kwabo kuncike ekuphenduleni kwakho ngakunye, imiphumela emibi, kanye nezintandokazi zokulinganisa.

I-Galantamine ingase isebenze ngendlela ehlukile kancane ngoba inendlela eyengeziwe yokusebenza ngaphezu nje kokuvimba i-acetylcholinesterase. Ezinye izifundo zikhomba ukuthi ingase inikeze izinzuzo ezengeziwe ezilinganiselwe, kodwa umehluko ngokuvamile mncane.

I-Donepezil inenzuzo yokulinganisa kanye ngosuku, okungaba lula ukuyikhumbula nokuphatha. I-Galantamine idinga ukulinganisa kabili ngosuku kodwa ingase ibangele ukuphazamiseka okuncane kokulala kwabanye abantu.

Udktela wakho uzocabangela izinto ezinjengeminye imithi oyithathayo, izimo zakho zezokwelapha, nokuthi ukuyithatha kahle kangakanani imithi ngayinye lapho enza isincomo. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuzama umuthi owodwa kuqala kusiza ukuthola ukuthi yimuphi osebenza kahle kuwe.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Galantamine

Umbuzo 1. Ingabe i-Galantamine iphephile kubantu abanezifo zenhliziyo?

I-Galantamine ingathinta isigqi senhliziyo nezinga, ngakho-ke abantu abanezifo zenhliziyo badinga ukuqashwa okwengeziwe lapho bethatha lo muthi. Udktela wakho uzohlola ngokucophelela impilo yenhliziyo yakho ngaphambi kokukuyalela i-galantamine.

Uma unezinkinga zenhliziyo, udktela wakho angase ayale i-electrocardiogram (ECG) ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa futhi aqaphe ngezikhathi ezithile isigqi senhliziyo yakho. Abantu abaningi abanezimo zenhliziyo ezinzile bangayithatha ngokuphepha i-galantamine ngaphansi kokuqashwa okufanele kwezokwelapha.

Umbuzo 2. Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngithatha i-Galantamine eningi ngengozi?

Uma uthatha i-galantamine eningi, xhumana nodktela wakho ngokushesha noma shayela ukulawulwa kwe-poison. Ukweqisa kungabangela isicanucanu esibi, ukuhlanza, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane, umfutho wegazi ophansi, nezinkinga zokuphefumula eziyingozi.

Ungalindi ukubona ukuthi ngabe izimpawu ziyavela yini - funa ukwelashwa ngokushesha uma usola ukweqisa. Letha ibhodlela lomuthi nawe ukuze usize ochwepheshe bezokwelapha baqonde kahle ukuthi yini nokuthi kungakanani okuthathiwe.

Umbuzo 3. Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo we-Galantamine?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo, yithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, kodwa kuphela uma sekudlule amahora ambalwa kusukela ngesikhathi sakho esihleliwe. Uma sekuseduze isikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo, weqa umthamo ophuthelwe futhi uqhubeke neshejuli yakho ejwayelekile.

Ungalokothi uthathe imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ulungise umthamo ophuthelwe, ngoba lokhu kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi. Uma uvame ukukhohlwa imithamo, khuluma nodktela wakho mayelana namasu okukusiza ukuthi ukhumbule.

Umbuzo 4. Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-Galantamine?

Isinqumo sokuyeka i-galantamine kufanele senziwe ngaso sonke isikhathi ngesiqondiso sikadokotela wakho. Ungase ucabange ukuyeka uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela engathandeki, uma umuthi ungase ubonakale ungasasizi, noma uma isimo sakho siqhubeke kakhulu.

Udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukuthi ulinganise izinzuzo nezingozi zokuqhubeka nokuyeka umuthi. Uma uyeka, udokotela wakho angase anciphise kancane kancane umthamo wakho kunokuyeka kungazelelwe.

Q5. Ngingakwazi yini ukuphuza utshwala ngenkathi ngithatha i-Galantamine?

Kungcono ukukhawulela noma ukugwema utshwala ngenkathi uthatha i-galantamine. Utshwala bungenza imiphumela emibi ye-galantamine ibe mibi, ikakhulukazi isiyezi, ukozela, nezinkinga zokuxhumana.

Uma ukhetha ukuphuza ngezikhathi ezithile, yenza kanjalo ngokulinganisela futhi uqaphele kakhulu ukuwa noma izingozi. Hlala uxoxa ngokusebenzisa kwakho utshwala nodokotela wakho ukuze bakwazi ukukunikeza iseluleko esiqondene nawe esisekelwe empilweni yakho yonke.