Yini i-Glatiramer: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Glatiramer iyimithi kadokotela esiza ukunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwe-multiple sclerosis (MS). Yenzelwe ngqo abantu abanezinhlobo ze-MS eziphindayo, lapho izimpawu ziza futhi zihambe ezigabeni.

Le mithi isebenza ngokushintsha amasosha akho omzimba kunokuyicindezela ngokuphelele. Cabanga ngayo njengokusiza ukuqeqesha kabusha uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wakho ukuze lungahlaseli ngokungaqondile izicubu zakho zemizwa, okuyilokho okwenzekayo ku-MS.

Yini i-Glatiramer?

I-Glatiramer iyiphrotheni eyenziwe ngumuntu elingisa ingxenye ye-myelin, ikhava evikela ezungeze imicu yakho yezinzwa. Uma uyijova ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho, isiza ukuqondisa kabusha ukunakwa kwamasosha akho omzimba kude nokuhlasela izicubu zakho zangempela zemizwa.

Umuthi uza njengesixazululo esicacile, esingenambala ozojijela wena ngokusebenzisa isirinji esigcwaliswe ngaphambilini noma i-auto-injector. Ibesiza abantu abane-MS iminyaka engaphezu kwemashumi amabili, inikeza odokotela neziguli inketho yokwelashwa efundwe kahle.

Ngokungafani neminye imithi ye-MS esebenza ngokucindezela kabanzi amasosha akho omzimba, i-glatiramer ithatha indlela eqondiwe kakhulu. Empeleni isebenza njengento yokukhohlisa, igcina amaseli akho omzimba ematasa ngento engenangozi esikhundleni se-myelin yakho.

Isetshenziselwani i-Glatiramer?

I-Glatiramer isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukwelapha izinhlobo ze-multiple sclerosis eziphindayo, okuhlanganisa i-relapsing-remitting MS kanye ne-active secondary progressive MS. Lezi yizimo lapho uhlangabezana khona nokuqubuka okulandelwa izikhathi zokululama noma ukuzinza.

Umuthi usiza ukunciphisa imvamisa yokuphindeka futhi unganciphisa ukunqwabelana kokukhubazeka ngokomzimba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi izimpawu zabo ze-MS ziba lula ukuzilawula futhi zibikezeleka lapho besohlelweni lokwelashwa oluqhubekayo.

Udktela wakho angase ancome i-glatiramer uma utholakale ukuthi une-MS futhi unezimpawu zesifo esisebenzayo. Ivame ukubhekwa njengenketho yokwelapha yomugqa wokuqala ngoba inesithombe sokuphepha esihle uma siqhathaniswa neminye imithi ye-MS.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Glatiramer?

I-Glatiramer isebenza ngokunikeza isimiso sakho somzimba esivuvukalayo esinye isizathu sokugxila kuso. Ithathwa njengomuthi onamandla aphakathi nendawo othatha indlela eqondayo, engaqondile yokwelapha i-MS.

Uma ujova i-glatiramer, iya emalymph nodes akho lapho ihlangana khona namaseli omzimba abizwa ngokuthi ama-T-cells. Lawa ma-T-cells, ngokuvamile angahlasela i-myelin yakho, esikhundleni salokho agxila ku-glatiramer. Lokhu kusiza ukuvikela izicubu zakho zangempela zemizwa ekulimaleni.

Umuthi futhi ukhuthaza isimiso sakho somzimba ukuthi sikhiqize izinto eziningi ezilwa nokuvuvukala nezinto ezimbalwa ezivuvukalayo. Lokhu kudala impendulo yomzimba elinganiselwe kakhulu engase ingabangeli ukuvuvukala okuholela ezimpawini ze-MS.

Akuyona imithi enamandla kakhulu ye-MS etholakalayo, kodwa abantu abaningi bayakwazisa ukuthi isebenza ngobumnene nangokuqhubekayo. Ngeke ubone izinguquko ezinkulu ngobusuku obubodwa, kodwa ezinyangeni naseminyakeni, ingenza umehluko omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwesifo sakho.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Glatiramer?

Uzojova i-glatiramer ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho kanye ngosuku, ngokuvamile ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke ukusiza ukusungula umkhuba. Umjovo ungena ezindaweni ezinamafutha njengamathanga akho, izingalo, izinqulu, noma isisu.

Kungcono ukushintshanisa izindawo zakho zokujova nsuku zonke ukuvimbela ukucasuka noma ukuvela kwamahlule. Abantu abaningi bakuthola kuwusizo ukugcina ishadi elilula ukuze balandele lapho bejove khona muva nje.

Ungathatha i-glatiramer ngaphandle kokudla, njengoba ukudla kungawuthinti umsebenzi wayo. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bakhetha ukuyijova ngesikhathi sokulala ukuze balale ngemiphumela emincane engase yenzeke.

Gcina imithi yakho esiqandisini, kodwa uyivumele ifudumale ifike ezingeni lokushisa legumbi ngaphambi kokuyijova. Imithi ebandayo ingaba ngaphandle kokunethezeka futhi ingase ibangele ukusabela okwengeziwe endaweni yokujova.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzokufundisa indlela efanele yokujova futhi akunikeze zonke izinto ozidingayo. Ungakhathazeki uma kuzwakala kukukhulu ekuqaleni - abantu abaningi bajwayela ukuzijova ngaphakathi kwamasonto ambalwa.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Glatiramer?

I-Glatiramer ngokuvamile iyindlela yokwelapha yesikhathi eside ozoqhubeka nayo uma nje isiza ukulawula i-MS yakho futhi uyayibekezelela kahle. Abantu abaningi bahlala kuyo iminyaka kunokuba izinyanga.

Udokotela wakho uzoqapha inqubekela phambili yakho ngokuhlolwa okuvamile, ukuskena kwe-MRI, kanye nezingxoxo mayelana nendlela ozizwa ngayo. Lokhu kusiza ukunquma ukuthi imithi iyasebenza yini kuwe.

Abanye abantu bakhathazeka ngokuthatha noma iyiphi imithi isikhathi eside, kodwa i-MS yisimo esingapheli esizuzayo ekwelashweni okuqhubekayo. Ukuyeka i-glatiramer ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi umsebenzi wakho we-MS uzobuyela emazingeni awo angaphambilini.

Uma udinga ukuyeka nganoma yisiphi isizathu, udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukuthi uguquke ngokuphepha. Bangase batusa ukushintshela kwenye imithi ye-MS noma ukukuqapha eduze ngesikhathi sokuphumula kokwelashwa.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni ye-Glatiramer?

Abantu abaningi bayayibekezelela kahle i-glatiramer, kodwa njenganoma iyiphi imithi, ingabangela imiphumela emibi. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi imiphumela emibi engathí sina ayivamile.

Nakhu ongase ukuzwe, uqala ngokusabela okuvamile kakhulu:

• Ukusabela endaweni yokujova: Ububomvu, ukuvuvukala, ukuluma, noma amaqhuma amancane lapho ujova khona. Lokhu kuvame ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi.
• Ukuvutha: Ukuzwa okufudumele, okubomvu ebusweni bakho nasesifubeni okuhlala imizuzu engu-15-30 ngemva kokujova.
• Ukuqina esifubeni: Ukuzwa ingcindezi noma ukuqina esifubeni sakho, ngokuvamile okuhambisana nokuphefumula okunzima.
• Ukukhathazeka noma ukungazinzi: Abanye abantu bazizwa bekhathazekile okwesikhashana noma beqhaqhazela ngemva kokujova kwabo.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo: Ungase uqaphele inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha noma ngamandla kunokujwayelekile.

Lokhu kusabela, nakuba kungakhululeki, ngokuvamile akuyingozi futhi kuvame ukungabonakali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Imiphumela emibi engavamile kodwa ekhathazayo ihlanganisa ukusabela okukhulu komzimba, okungase kuhlanganise ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala kobuso bakho noma umphimbo, noma ukuqubuka okubanzi. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Abanye abantu bathuthukisa i-lipoatrophy, okuyilahlekelwa yizicubu ezinamafutha ezindaweni zokujova, okudala izintuba ezincane esikhumbeni. Yingakho ukushintshanisa izindawo zokujova kubaluleke kangaka.

Ubani Ongafanele Athatha i-Glatiramer?

I-Glatiramer ayifanele wonke umuntu, nakuba uhlu lwabantu abangakwazi ukuyithatha lufushane uma luqhathaniswa neminye imithi ye-MS.

Akufanele uthathe i-glatiramer uma unenkinga yokungezwani nayo noma yiziphi izithako zayo, okuhlanganisa i-mannitol. Uma uke waba nokusabela okukhulu komzimba kunoma yimuphi umuthi wokujova ngaphambili, qiniseka ukuthi uxoxa ngalokhu nodokotela wakho.

Abantu abanezimo ezithile zenhliziyo bangase badinge ukuqapha okwengeziwe noma bangase bangabi ngabantu abafanelekayo be-glatiramer. Umuthi ngezinye izikhathi ungabangela izinguquko zesigqi senhliziyo noma ukuqina esifubeni okungase kube yinkinga uma usuvele unezinkinga zenhliziyo.

Uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa, uzodinga ukuba nengxoxo enemininingwane nodokotela wakho. Nakuba i-glatiramer ngokuvamile ithathwa njengephephile kuneziningi zeminye imithi ye-MS ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, noma yisiphi isinqumo sokwelashwa sidinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwezingozi nezinzuzo.

Abantu abanezifo ezinzima zezinso noma zesibindi bangase badinge ukulungiswa komthamo noma ukuqashwa okuseduze, nakuba lokhu kungavamile nge-glatiramer kunezinye izidakamizwa.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Glatiramer

I-Glatiramer itholakala ngaphansi kwamagama amaningana omkhiqizo, i-Copaxone iyona engaziwa kakhulu. Lokhu kwakuyinto yokuqala ye-glatiramer eyavunywa futhi isitholakala iminyaka engaphezu kwengama-20.

Izinhlobo ze-Generic nazo ziyatholakala, okuhlanganisa i-Glatopa ne-Glatirame. Lezi ziqukethe isithako esifanayo esisebenzayo futhi zisebenza ngendlela efanayo nenguqulo yegama lomkhiqizo, kodwa zingase zibize kancane.

Kukhona futhi i-Copaxone 40mg, okuyinguqulo yezikhathi ezintathu ngesonto abanye abantu abayithandayo ngaphezu kwemijovo yansuku zonke. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi iyiphi inketho engasebenza kangcono kakhulu ngendlela yakho yokuphila nezintandokazi zakho.

Zonke izinhlobo ze-glatiramer zisebenza ngendlela efanayo, ngakho ukukhetha kuvame ukwehla ezindlekweni, ukumbozwa komshuwalense, kanye nokukhetha komuntu siqu mayelana nemvamisa yokujova.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Glatiramer

Uma i-glatiramer ingakulungele, kukhona eminye imithi eminingana ye-MS etholakalayo, ngalinye linazo izinzuzo zalo nokucatshangelwa kwalo.

Ezinye izinketho ezinjovwayo zihlanganisa imithi ye-interferon beta efana ne-Avonex, Rebif, ne-Betaseron. Lezi zisebenza ngendlela ehlukile ku-glatiramer kodwa zithathwa njengokwelashwa komugqa wokuqala we-relapsing MS.

Imithi yomlomo efana ne-dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera), fingolimod (Gilenya), kanye ne-teriflunomide (Aubagio) inikeza lula kwamaphilisi esikhundleni semijovo, nakuba ingase ibe namaphrofayili ahlukene emiphumeleni emibi.

Kubantu abane-MS esebenza kakhulu, imithi eqinile efana ne-natalizumab (Tysabri) noma i-ocrelizumab (Ocrevus) ingase icatshangelwe, nakuba lezi ngokuvamile zidinga ukuqapha okwengeziwe.

Udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukuthi ulinganise izinzuzo nobubi benketho ngayinye ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile, okuhlanganisa izinga lomsebenzi wakho we-MS, ezinye izimo zempilo, nezintandokazi zakho.

Ingabe i-Glatiramer Ingcono Kune-Interferon Beta?

Imithi ye-Glatiramer ne-interferon beta zombili zithathwa njengemithi esebenza kahle ngokulinganayo yokwelapha umdlavuza we-MS obuyayo. Akukho noyedwa othi ngokuqinisekile "ungcono" kunomunye - bayizindlela nje ezihlukene zokufeza umgomo ofanayo.

Zombili lezi zithako zinciphisa amazinga okuphindaphinda ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-30% uma kuqhathaniswa nokungelashwa, futhi zombili zingasiza ekunciphiseni ukuqhubeka kokukhubazeka. Ukukhetha phakathi kwazo kuvame ukuncika emiphumeleni emibi, imvamisa yokujova, nokubekezelelana komuntu siqu.

I-Glatiramer ivame ukubangela izimpawu ezingaphansi ezifana nomkhuhlane kune-interferons, okutholakala abantu abaningi bekhanga. Kodwa-ke, i-interferon beta ingase inikezwe kaningi kuye ngohlobo oluthile.

Abanye abantu benza ngcono emuthini owodwa kunomunye, futhi akuhlali kulindeleka ngaphambili. Udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuzama eyodwa kuqala bese ushintsha uma kudingeka.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthola umuthi ongawuthatha njalo isikhathi eside, njengoba izinzuzo zokwelashwa kwe-MS zivela ekusetshenzisweni okuqhubekayo, kunokuba imiphumela yesikhashana.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Nge-Glatiramer

Ingabe i-Glatiramer Iphephile Kubantu Abanezifo Zenhliziyo?

I-Glatiramer ingasetshenziswa kubantu abanezifo zenhliziyo, kodwa idinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela kanye nengxoxo nodokotela wakho. Umuthi ngezinye izikhathi ungabangela ukuqina kwesifuba, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, noma izinguquko esigqi senhliziyo ezingase zikhathaze uma usuvele unezinkinga zenhliziyo.

Udkt wakho cishe uzofuna ukubuyekeza isimo senhliziyo yakho ngemininingwane futhi mhlawumbe axhumane nodokotela wezinhliziyo ngaphambi kokuqala i-glatiramer. Bangase batusa ukuqapha okwengeziwe, njengama-electrocardiograms ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhliziyo yakho iyisingatha kahle imithi.

Abantu abaningi abanezimo zenhliziyo ezithambile benza kahle nge-glatiramer, kodwa isimo ngasinye sihlukile. Okubalulekile ukuba nokuxhumana okuvulekile nethimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo mayelana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezihlobene nenhliziyo ozitholayo.

Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngisebenzisa I-Glatiramer Eningi Ngengozi?

Uma ngengozi ujova i-glatiramer eningi kunaleyo ebekiwe, ungangeni ekuqeqeshweni, kodwa xhumana nodokotela wakho noma isikhungo sokulawula ubuthi ukuze uthole isiqondiso. Ukweqisa kwe-glatiramer akuvamile ngoba inikezwa njengemithamo elinganiswe ngaphambilini, kodwa izingozi zingenzeka.

Qaphela noma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile njengokuqina kwesifuba okukhulu, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ukubomvu okukhulu. Le miphumela ingase ibe namandla kakhulu kunokujwayelekile kodwa kufanele ibe yesikhashana.

Ungazami ukweqa umthamo wakho olandelayo ukuze "ulungise" imithi eyengeziwe. Kunalokho, qhubeka neshejuli yakho ejwayelekile ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ekweluleka ngenye indlela.

Gcina imininingwane yokuxhumana nodokotela wakho kanye nokulawula ubuthi kalula ukuze uthole isiqondiso esisheshayo uma kudingeka.

Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngeqa Umthamo We-Glatiramer?

Uma weqa umthamo we-glatiramer, yithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, ngaphandle uma sekuseduze isikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo obekiwe. Kuleso simo, weqa umthamo ongekho bese uqhubeka neshejuli yakho ejwayelekile.

Ungaphindi imithamo ukuze ulungise okungashiywanga, ngoba lokhu kungandisa ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi. Umthamo owodwa ongekho ngeke ube nomthelela omkhulu ekwelashweni kwakho kwe-MS, kodwa zama ukubuyela emkhondweni ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Uma uvame ukweqa imithamo, cabangela ukusetha izikhumbuzi zocingo noma usebenzise umhleli wamaphilisi ukukusiza ukhumbule. Ukuqina kubalulekile ekutholeni inzuzo enkulu ku-glatiramer.

Abanye abantu bakuthola kuwusizo ukujova ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke, njengasebusuku noma ngemva kokudla kwasekuseni, ukuze bakhe isimiso okulula ukusikhumbula.

Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-Glatiramer?

Kufanele uyeke kuphela ukuthatha i-glatiramer ngemva kokuxoxa ngayo ngokucophelela nodokotela wakho. I-MS yisimo esingamahlala-khona esivame ukudinga ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo ukuvimbela ukuphindeka futhi kunciphise ukuqhubeka.

Kungase kube nezimo ezithile lapho ukuyeka kunengqondo, njengokuthi uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela engathandeki, uma i-MS yakho ibilokhu izinzile iminyaka eminingi, noma uma udinga ukushintshela emuthini ohlukile.

Uma uyeka i-glatiramer, udokotela wakho cishe uzofuna ukukuqapha eduze ngokuhlolwa okuvamile kanye nokuskena kwe-MRI ukuze abheke noma yikuphi ukubuya komsebenzi we-MS.

Abanye abantu bakhathazeka ngokuthatha imithi isikhathi eside, kodwa khumbula ukuthi i-MS engelashwa ingaholela ekukhubazekeni unomphela. Umgomo uwukuthola uhlelo lokwelapha ongakwazi ukunamathela kulo ngokunethezeka isikhathi eside.

Ngingahamba ne-Glatiramer?

Yebo, ungahamba ne-glatiramer, kodwa idinga ukuhlela okuthile njengoba umuthi udinga ukufakwa esiqandisini futhi uzodinga ukuletha izinto zokujova.

Ohambweni olufushane, ungasebenzisa i-cooler enama-ice pack ukuze ugcine umuthi ubanda. Ohambweni olude, cabangela ukubuza udokotela wakho mayelana nokuthola incwadi yokuhamba echaza isidingo sakho sezokwelapha somuthi nezinto zokusebenza.

Uma undiza, gcina i-glatiramer yakho esikhwameni sakho sokuthwala kanye nelebula yakho kadokotela kanye nanoma yimaphi amadokhumenti ezokwelapha. Ezokuphepha esikhumulweni sezindiza ngokuvamile zazi kahle ngemijovo yezokwelapha, kodwa ukuba namadokhumenti afanele kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukubambezeleka.

Hlela kusengaphambili ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi unomuthi owanele lohambo lwakho lonke, kanye nemithamo embalwa eyengeziwe uma kwenzeka ukubambezeleka kohambo. Kuphinde kube yinto enhle ukucwaninga ngezikhungo zezokwelapha lapho uya khona uma udinga usizo.