Yini umgomo we-Haemophilus B Polysaccharide? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Nokwelashwa Ekhaya

Umjovo we-Haemophilus B polysaccharide ngumgomo obalulekile ovikela ezifweni ezinzima ezibangelwa amagciwane e-Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo b (Hib). Lo mgomo usiza amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi aqaphele futhi alwe nala magciwane ayingozi ngaphambi kokuthi abangele izifo ezisongela impilo. Ukuthola lo mgomo ingenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuvimbela izinkinga ezinzima njengokuqina kwengqondo, umkhuhlane wamaphaphu, nezifo zegazi ezingabangelwa amagciwane e-Hib.

Yini umgomo we-Haemophilus B Polysaccharide?

Umjovo we-Haemophilus B polysaccharide ngumjovo ovikelayo oqeqesha amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi alwe namagciwane e-Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo b. Lawa magciwane angabangela izifo ezinzima, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala. Umgomo uqukethe izingcezu zokugqoka kwangaphandle kwamagciwane, okusiza umzimba wakho ukuthi ufunde ukuqaphela futhi ubhubhise amagciwane angempela uma wake wavezwa kuwo.

Lo mgomo uvamise ukunikezwa njengengxenye yokugonywa kwabantwana okuvamile. Unikezwa ngomjovo emsipheni, ngokuvamile engalweni noma ethangeni. Umgomo wehlise kakhulu amacala esifo se-Hib selokhu watholakala kabanzi ngeminyaka yawo-1980.

Kuzwakala kanjani ukuthola umgomo we-Haemophilus B Polysaccharide?

Ukuthola umgomo we-Haemophilus B kuzwakala njenganoma yimuphi omunye umjovo ojwayelekile. Uzothola ukuzwa ukucindezela okusheshayo noma ukubhoboza lapho inaliti ingena, okuthatha imizuzwana embalwa nje. Abantu abaningi bakuchaza njengokufana nokuthola umjovo womkhuhlane noma eminye imigomo ejwayelekile.

Ngemva komjovo, ungase uqaphele ubuhlungu obuncane, ububomvu, noma ukuvuvukala endaweni yokujova. Lezi zimo zivamile ngokuphelele futhi zibonisa ukuthi amasosha akho omzimba ayasabela emgomweni. Ukungakhululeki kuvame ukuzwakala njengomvumbo olula futhi ngokuvamile kuyanyamalala phakathi nosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili.

Abanye abantu bangase babe nemiphumela emincane kakhulu yomzimba efana nokukhathala okuncane noma umkhuhlane olula. Lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile zincane kakhulu kunezifo ezinzima umgomo ozivimbayo futhi ziyanyamalala ngokushesha zodwa.

Yini ebangela isidingo somgomo we-Haemophilus B Polysaccharide?

Isidingo salo mgomo sivela osongelweni olukhulu olubangelwa amagciwane e-Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo b emvelweni wethu. Lawa magciwane akhona ngokwemvelo futhi angasakazeka kumuntu nomuntu ngamaconsi okuphefumula lapho umuntu ekhwehlela, ethimula, noma ekhuluma nabanye ngokusondelene.

Ngaphambi kokuba umgomo utholakale, i-Hib yayiyimbangela ehamba phambili ye-meningitis yamagciwane ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala. Amagciwane angabangela nezinye izifo ezinzima emzimbeni wonke. Izingane ezincane zibhekwa njengezibuthakathaka ikakhulukazi ngoba amasistimu abo omzimba awazange athuthukise ngokugcwele ikhono lokulwa nala magciwane athile ngempumelelo.

Umgomo wathuthukiswa ngoba ukuzivikela emzimbeni ngokwemvelo ku-Hib akuthuthuki ngokwethembeka ezinganeni ezincane. Noma ngabe ingane isinda ekuthelelekeni nge-Hib, kungenzeka ingathuthukisi ukuzivikela okunamandla ngokwanele ukuvimbela ukutheleleka okuzayo. Ukugoma kunikeza ukuvikeleka okuthembekile, okuhlala isikhathi eside okungaqinisekiswa ukutheleleka kwemvelo.

Umgomo we-Haemophilus B Polysaccharide uyisivikelo sani?

Lo mgomo ikakhulukazi uvimbela izifo ezinzima ze-Hib ezingase zibe yingozi ekuphileni noma zibangele ukukhubazeka unomphela. Isimo esivamile nesinzima esisivimbayo yi-meningitis yamagciwane, okuyisifo samalunga okuvikela ahlanganisa ubuchopho nomgogodla.

Nawa amanye amakhondishini amakhulu lo mgomo osiza ukuwavimbela:

• I-Meningitis - ukutheleleka kobuchopho kanye nezembozo zomgogodla
• I-Pneumonia - ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu okukhulu
• I-Sepsis - ukutheleleka kwegazi okungathinta wonke umzimba
• I-Epiglottitis - ukuvuvukala okuyingozi komphimbo okungavimba ukuphefumula
• I-Cellulitis - izifo zesikhumba nezicubu ezithambile ezinzima
• Ukutheleleka kwamalunga - ikakhulukazi ezinqeni nakwamanye amalunga amakhulu

Ngokuvamile, umgomo futhi uvikela ezifweni ezinye ze-Hib ezinzima njenge-pericarditis (ukutheleleka kwesaka lenhliziyo) kanye ne-osteomyelitis (ukutheleleka kwamathambo). Lezi zimo zingabangela izinkinga eziqhubekayo ezihlanganisa ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, ukulimala kobuchopho, ukubambezeleka kokukhula, futhi ezimweni ezinzima, ukufa.

Ingabe ukuvikelwa ku-Haemophilus B Polysaccharide Vaccine kungancipha?

Umjovo we-Haemophilus B ngokuvamile unikeza ukuvikelwa okuhlala isikhathi eside okungahlala iminyaka eminingi noma ngisho namashumi eminyaka. Abantu abaningi abaqeda uchungechunge oluphelele lokugoma ngesikhathi sobuntwana bagcina ukuzivikela kahle ebudaleni.

Nokho, amazinga okuzivikela angancipha kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi kubantu abathile. Abantu abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezikhubazekile, izifo ezingapheli, noma labo abathole uchungechunge lokugoma olungaphelele bangase babe nokuvikelwa okuncishisiwe. Abanye abadala bangazuza emithini yokugomela uma besengozini enkulu yokutheleleka kwe-Hib.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi isifo se-Hib manje singavamile kakhulu emazweni anamazinga aphezulu okugoma. Lokhu kuvikelwa komphakathi kusiza ukuvikela ngisho nalabo abangase banciphise ukuzivikela kwabo ngesikhathi.

Zingalawulwa kanjani imiphumela emibi evela ku-Haemophilus B Polysaccharide Vaccine ekhaya?

Imiphumela eminingi emibi evela kumgomo we-Hib imnene futhi ingalawulwa kalula ekhaya ngezinyathelo ezilula zokunethezeka. Ukusabela okuvame kakhulu ubuhlungu noma ukuvuvukala endaweni yokujova, okuvame ukuxazulula phakathi kwamahora angu-24-48.

Nazi izindlela ezithambile zokulawula imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile:

• Sebenzisa indwangu ebandayo, emanzi endaweni yokujova imizuzu engu-10-15 ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala
• Thatha imithi yokudambisa ubuhlungu etholakala ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela njenge-acetaminophen noma i-ibuprofen uma kudingeka
• Hambisa ngobumnene ingalo noma umlenze lapho uthole khona umjovo ukuvimbela ukuqina
• Hlala unamanzi amaningi futhi uthole ukuphumula okuningi
• Gwema imisebenzi eqinile amahora angu-24 uma uzizwa ukhathele

Ezinganeni, ukunikeza induduzo eyengeziwe, ukubhucungwa ngobumnene endaweni yokujova, nokugcina amashejuli okudla ajwayelekile kungasiza. Izinhlobo eziningi zokuphendula zithambile futhi aziphazamisi imisebenzi yansuku zonke.

Yini indlela yokwelashwa kwezokwelapha yokugonywa kwe-Haemophilus B?

Indlela yezokwelapha yokugonywa kwe-Hib ilandela amashejuli okugoma asunguliwe anconywe ochwepheshe bezempilo yezingane kanye nomphakathi. Ezinganeni nasezinganeni ezincane, umgomo uvame ukunikezwa njengengxenye yochungechunge oluqala eneminyaka engu-2 ubudala.

Ishejuli yokugoma ejwayelekile ihlanganisa imijovo eneminyaka engu-2, 4, 6, kanye nengu-12-15 ubudala. Eminye imigomo ehlanganisiwe ehlanganisa ukuvikelwa kwe-Hib ingase ibe nesikhathi esihlukile kancane. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzonquma ishejuli engcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yengane yakho, isimo sempilo, kanye nemigomo yangaphambilini.

Ezinganeni ezindala noma kubantu abadala abaphuthelwe imigomo yabo yobuntwana, amashejuli okubamba ayatholakala. Abantu abanezimo ezithile zezokwelapha njengesifo se-sickle cell, i-HIV, noma labo abasuswe ubende bangase badinge imithamo eyengeziwe noma izinto ezikhethekile zokucabangela.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela mayelana nokugonywa kwe-Haemophilus B?

Kufanele uthintane nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho nithola umgomo we-Hib ngezikhathi ezifanele. Ukuvakashelwa okuvamile kwezingane ezihle yithuba elihle lokuhlala unolwazi lwakamuva ngalo mgomo obalulekile.

Funana ukwelashwa uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izindlela ezingajwayelekile ngemva kokugonywa. Nakuba izindlela ezinzima zingavamile kakhulu, kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uqaphela:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu (ngaphezu kuka-101°F noma 38.3°C) ohlala ngaphezu kwamahora angama-24
• Ukuvuvukala okukhulu noma ububomvu endaweni yokujova okuba kubi ngemva kwamahora angama-48
• Izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba okukhulu njengobunzima bokuphefumula noma ukuqubuka okusabalale kabanzi
• Ukukhala okuqhubekayo ezinganeni isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora ama-3
• Ukozela okungajwayelekile noma ubunzima bokuvuka

Futhi xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma unemibuzo mayelana nesikhathi sokugoma, ikakhulukazi uma ingane yakho igula noma uma ungaqinisekile ngomlando wayo wokugoma.

Ziyini izici eziyingozi zokudinga ukugonywa kwe-Haemophilus B?

Bonke abantwana basengozini yesifo se-Hib, yingakho kunconywa ukugonywa komhlaba wonke. Kodwa-ke, izici ezithile zingakhuphula amathuba okuba nezinkinga ezinzima uma umuntu enesifo samagciwane e-Hib.

Izingane ezincane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala zibhekene nengozi enkulu ngoba amasistimu abo omzimba asavela. Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala zibhekene kakhulu nezinkinga ezinzima njengokuqina kwengqondo kanye ne-sepsis.

Izici eziyingozi ezengeziwe zihlanganisa:

• Ukuya enkulisa noma ukuba ngokusondelene nezinye izingane
• Ukuba nesistimu yokuzivikela komzimba ebuthakathaka ngenxa yokugula noma imithi
• Ukuphila ezimweni ezigcwele abantu noma ezindaweni ezingenhlanzeko
• Ukuba nezimo ezingapheli ezithile njengesifo se-sickle cell
• Ukususwa komdlavuza noma ukuba nomdlavuza ongasebenzi
• Ukuvezwa intuthu kagwayi, engakhuphula ingozi yokutheleleka

Ngisho nezingane ezisempilweni nabantu abadala bangathuthukisa izifo ezinzima ze-Hib, yingakho ukugonywa kunconywa kuwo wonke umuntu kungakhathaliseki izici zabo eziyingozi.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona zokungatholi ukugonywa kwe-Haemophilus B?

Inkinga enkulu kakhulu yokweqa umgomo we-Hib ukuthuthukisa isifo esibucayi se-Hib esibeka ukuphila engozini. Ngaphambi kokuba umgomo utholakale, i-Hib yayibangela izinkulungwane zamacala okugula okukhulu kanye namakhulu okufa unyaka ngamunye ezinganeni ezincane.

I-meningitis ebangelwa yi-Hib ingaholela ezinkingeni ezingapheli ngisho nakulabo abasindile. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, ukubambezeleka kokukhula, izifo zokuhlaselwa yizithuthwane, kanye nokukhubazeka kwengqondo. Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nobunzima bokufunda noma izinguquko zokuziphatha ezizithinta kukho konke ukuphila kwazo.

Ezinye izinkinga ezinkulu zokutheleleka nge-Hib zihlanganisa:

• Umonakalo ongapheli ebuchosheni ovela ku-meningitis
• Ukuqina kokuzwa okudinga izinsiza zokuzwa noma izitshalo ze-cochlear
• Ukukhubazeka kokukhula okuthinta inkulumo namakhono emoto
• Izifo ezingapheli zokuhlaselwa yizithuthwane
• Ukulahlekelwa ilungu lomzimba noma ukukhubazeka okuvela ezifweni ezinzima zesikhumba nezicubu ezithambile
• Izinkinga zokuphefumula ezivela ku-pneumonia enkulu

Ezimweni ezingavamile, isifo se-Hib esihlaselayo singabulala naphezu kokwelashwa okusheshayo kwezokwelapha. Ingozi yokufa iphakeme kakhulu ezinsaneni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisi-6 ubudala nakubantu abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezikhubazekile.

Ingabe umgomo we-Haemophilus B muhle noma mubi ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lokuzivikela?

Umgomo we-Haemophilus B muhle kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lokuzivikela kanye nempilo yonke. Esikhundleni sokwenza buthaka uhlelo lokuzivikela, imigomo empeleni iyasiza ukuqeqesha nokuqinisa ngokuwufundisa ukuthi luqaphele futhi lulwe namagciwane athile ayingozi.

Lapho uthola umgomo we-Hib, uhlelo lwakho lokuzivikela lufunda ukwenza ama-antibody okuvikela ngokumelene namagciwane e-Hib ngaphandle kokuthi kudingeke ukuthi uthole isifo sangempela. Le nqubo iphephe kakhulu kunokuthuthukisa ukuzivikela ngokusuleleka kwemvelo, okungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu noma ukufa.

Umjovo awugcwalisi noma awuqedi amandla amasosha akho omzimba. Empeleni, izingane zivezwe ezinkulungwaneni zama-antigen (izinto zangaphandle) nsuku zonke ngemisebenzi ejwayelekile efana nokudla, ukuphefumula, nokudlala. Ama-antigen emijovweni amele ingxenyana encane yalokho amasosha akho omzimba abhekana nakho njalo.

Ucwaningo lubonisa ngokuqhubekayo ukuthi izingane ezigonyiwe zinamandla, amasosha omzimba anempilo angakwazi ukulwa ngempumelelo kokubili izifo abagonyelwe zona kanye nezinye izifo ezingase zibhekane nazo.

Yini umjovo we-Haemophilus B ongadidaniswa nayo?

Ngezikhathi ezithile abantu badida umjovo we-Haemophilus B neminye imijovo, ikakhulukazi leyo ezwakala zifana noma ezinikezwa ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ukudideka okuvame kakhulu ngomjovo we-hepatitis B, njengoba zombili zivame ukufushaniswa futhi zinikezwe izingane.

Abantu ngezinye izikhathi baxuba umjovo we-Hib nomjovo we-influenza (umkhuhlane). Naphezu kwegama elifanayo elithi

Yebo, ingane yakho ngokuvamile ingathola umgomo we-Hib ngisho noma inomkhuhlane olula noma ukugula okuncane. Umkhuhlane olula, amakhala agobhozayo, noma ukukhwehlela okuncane ngokuvamile akuvimbeli ukugonywa. Kodwa-ke, uma ingane yakho inokugula okuphakathi nendawo kuya kokukhulu nomkhuhlane ophezulu, kungcono ukulinda kuze kube yilapho isilulama. Njalo xoxa ngempilo yengane yakho yamanje nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngaphambi kokugonywa.

Q.2: Usebenza kangakanani umgomo we-Haemophilus B ekuvikeleni izifo?

Umgomo we-Hib usebenza kahle kakhulu, uvimbela cishe i-95-100% yezifo ze-Hib ezingena ngaphakathi lapho zinikezwa ngokuya ngeshejuli enconyiwe. Selokhu kwaqala ukugonywa okubanzi, amacala esifo se-Hib ezinganeni anciphe ngaphezu kuka-99%. Impumelelo emangalisayo yenza kube ngomunye wemigomo esebenza kahle kakhulu etholakalayo namuhla.

Q.3: Abantu abadala bangawuthola umgomo we-Haemophilus B uma bewushayile beseyizingane?

Abantu abadala abaningi abanempilo abawudingi umgomo we-Hib ngoba isifo se-Hib esingena ngaphakathi asivamile kubantu abadala abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezivamile. Kodwa-ke, abantu abadala abanezimo ezithile zezokwelapha njengesifo se-sickle cell, i-HIV, noma labo abasusiwe amaphaphu abo bangazuza ekugonyweni. Udokotela wakho angathola ukuthi uyawudinga yini umgomo ngokuya ngezimo zakho zempilo.

Q.4: Bakhona yini abantu okungafanele bathole umgomo we-Haemophilus B?

Bambalwa kakhulu abantu abangakwazi ukuthola umgomo we-Hib. Labo abake baba nokusabela okukhulu komzimba emthini owedlule noma kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomgomo akufanele bawuthole. Abantu abanezifo ezinzima kufanele balinde kuze kube yilapho belulama. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzobuyekeza umlando wakho wezokwelapha ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi umgomo uphephile kuwe.

Q.5: Ingakanani isikhathi sokuzivikela emzimbeni esivela emgomeni we-Hib?

Umjovo we-Hib ngokuvamile unikeza ukuzivikela okuhlala isikhathi eside okungahlala amashumi eminyaka. Abantu abaningi abaqeda uchungechunge lokugoma kwasebuntwaneni bagcina amazinga e-antibody okuvikela kahle ebudaleni. Kodwa-ke, abantu abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezithintekile noma izimo ezithile ezingapheli bangase babe nokuzivikela okuncishisiwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi bangazuza emithini eyengeziwe.