Yini i-Heparin: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni Nokunye Okuningi

I-Heparin iyimithi enamandla yokunciphisa igazi evimbela ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi ayingozi emzimbeni wakho. Le mithi efakwa ngomjovo isebenza ngokushesha ukumisa igazi lakho ukuthi lingagqami kalula, okungasindisa impilo ezimweni eziningi zezokwelapha.

Abahlinzeki bezempilo basebenzisa i-heparin lapho umzimba wakho udinga ukuvikelwa ngokushesha emahuleleni angavimba ukuhamba kwegazi ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile njengenhliziyo yakho, amaphaphu, noma ubuchopho. Ingenye yemithi ethenjwe kakhulu ezibhedlela nasemitholampilo emhlabeni wonke.

Yini i-Heparin?

I-Heparin iyimithi elwa nokugqama kwegazi evimbela igazi lakho ukuthi lingakhi amahlule. Cabanga ngayo njengesihlangu esivikelayo esigcina igazi lakho lihamba kahle ngemithambo yakho lapho ukugqama kungaba yingozi.

Le mithi ivela emithonjeni yemvelo futhi isetshenziswe ngokuphepha amashumi eminyaka. Ngokungafani nezinciphisi zegazi ongazithatha ngomlomo, i-heparin isebenza ngokushesha uma ifakwa emzimbeni wakho. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lingalawula imiphumela yayo ngokunembile, okwenza ilungele izimo lapho kudingeka khona isenzo esisheshayo.

I-Heparin iza ngamandla ahlukene kanye namafomula. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha uhlobo olufanele olususelwe ezidingweni zakho zezokwelapha ezithile nokuthi badinga ukukuqapha eduze kangakanani amazinga akho okugqama kwegazi.

Yini i-Heparin Esetshenziselwa Yona?

I-Heparin iphatha futhi ivimbele amahlule egazi angalimaza impilo yakho. Udokotela wakho angase akubhalele uma usengozini yamahlule ayingozi noma uma usuvele unawo.

Nazi izizathu eziyinhloko abahlinzeki bezempilo abasebenzisa ngazo i-heparin, futhi ukuqonda lokhu kungakusiza uzizwe uqiniseka ngokwengeziwe ngemithi yakho:

• Ukuvimbela amahlule egazi ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa noma izikhathi ezinde zokuphumula embhedeni
• Ukwelapha i-deep vein thrombosis (amahule egazi emithanjeni yomlenze)
• Ukuphatha i-pulmonary embolism (amahule egazi emithanjeni yamaphaphu)
• Ukuvikela emahuleni ngesikhathi senqubo yenhliziyo efana ne-angioplasty
• Ukuvimbela amahlule kubantu abanezinkinga ezithile zesigqi senhliziyo
• Ukuphatha amahlule egazi ngesikhathi se-kidney dialysis
• Ukwelapha amahlule egazi akheka kuma-valve enhliziyo okwenziwa

Isimo ngasinye salezi sidinga ukuphathwa kwezokwelapha ngokucophelela, futhi i-heparin inikeza ukuvikelwa ngokushesha umzimba wakho okudingayo. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizokuqapha ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umuthi usebenza ngempumelelo esimweni sakho esithile.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Heparin?

I-Heparin isebenza ngokuvimba amaprotheni athile egazini lakho asiza ukwakha amahlule. Empeleni ibeka amabhule enqubweni yomzimba yakho yokujiya kwegazi lapho leyo nqubo ingase ilimaze.

Igazi lakho ngokuvamile liyajiya ukuze lime ukopha uma ulimala. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi amahlule angakheka ngaphakathi kwemithambo yakho yegazi lapho kungafanele. I-Heparin ivimbela lokhu ngokuphazamisa iprotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-thrombin, edlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhekeni kwamahlule.

Lo muthi ubhekwa njenge-anticoagulant eqinile ngoba isebenza ngokushesha nangempumelelo. Ngemizuzu eminingi yokujova, i-heparin iqala ukukuvikela emahuleni ayingozi. Imiphumela iyaguquleka futhi, okusho ukuthi odokotela bangakwazi ukulwa ngokushesha nomuthi uma kudingeka.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Heparin?

I-Heparin ngaso sonke isikhathi inikezwa ngokujova, kungaba emthanjeni (intravenous) noma ngaphansi kwesikhumba (subcutaneous). Awukwazi ukuthatha lo muthi ngomlomo ngoba uhlelo lwakho lokugaya luzowuchitha ngaphambi kokuba lusebenze.

Uma usesibhedlela, abahlengikazi ngokuvamile bazokunika i-heparin ngomugqa we-IV engalweni yakho. Lokhu kuvumela ukulethwa okuqhubekayo nokulawulwa okunembile komthamo. Ngemijovo engaphansi kwesikhumba, umuthi ungena ethisshu elinamanzi ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho, ngokuvamile esiswini sakho noma ethangeni.

Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizokufundisa wena noma umndeni wakho ukuthi unganikeza kanjani imijovo engaphansi kwesikhumba uma udinga ukuqhubeka nokwelashwa ekhaya. Izindawo zokujova kufanele zijikelezwe ukuvimbela ukucasuka, futhi uzothola imiyalelo enemininingwane mayelana nekhono elifanele.

Ngokungafani neminye imithi, i-heparin ayidingi ukuthi udle ngaphambi kokuyithatha. Kodwa-ke, kufanele ulandele noma iyiphi imiyalelo ethile enikezwa yithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo mayelana nesikhathi nokulungiselela.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Heparin?

Ubude bokwelashwa nge-heparin buqondene ngokuphelele nesimo sakho sezokwelapha nokuthi usabela kahle kangakanani emuthini. Abanye abantu bayayidinga izinsuku ezimbalwa nje, kanti abanye bangase badinge amasonto amaningana okwelashwa.

Ukuvimbela amahlule ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, ungase uthole i-heparin usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili nje. Uma welashwa i-clot yegazi ekhona, udokotela wakho angase akubhalele i-heparin izinsuku ezimbalwa kuya emavikini ngaphambi kokukushintshela ekunciphiseni igazi ngomlomo.

Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizogada igazi lakho njalo ngezivivinyo ezibizwa ngokuthi i-PTT noma amazinga e-anti-Xa. Lezi zivivinyo zibabasiza ukuthi banqume umthamo ofanele nobude bezidingo zakho ezithile. Ungayeki ukuthatha i-heparin ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho, ngoba lokhu kungakubeka engozini yama-clot ayingozi.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni Ye-Heparin?

Njengayo yonke imithi, i-heparin ingabangela imiphumela emibi, nakuba abantu abaningi beyibekezelela kahle. Okukhathaza kakhulu ukuphuma kwegazi, ngoba umuthi wenza ukuthi igazi lakho lingabi maningi amathuba okuba liqine.

Nansi imiphumela emibi ongase uyithole, futhi ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyibheke kungakusiza ukuthi uhlale uphephile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa:

• Ukuphuma kwegazi emicutshweni okuthatha isikhathi eside ukuthi kume
• Ukulimala kalula noma ukulimala okungachazeki
• Ubuhlungu, ububomvu, noma ukucasuka ezindaweni zokujova
• Ukuphuma ngekhala okuvame kakhulu noma okunzima ukukuyeka
• Igazi emchameni noma endleni
• Ukuphuma kwegazi okungavamile ezinsinini lapho uxubha amazinyo
• Izikhathi ezinzima kwabesifazane

Le miphumela emibi ejwayelekile ivamise ukulawuleka futhi ayidingi ukuyeka umuthi. Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizokusiza ukulinganisa izinzuzo zokuvimbela amahlule ayingozi ngokumelene nalezi zingozi ezilawulekayo.

Imiphumela emibi engathi sína ayivamile kodwa idinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha. Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nokuphuma kwegazi okukhulu, izimpawu zokuphuma kwegazi kwangaphakathi njengezihlalo ezimnyama ezinjenge-tar, noma ikhanda elibuhlungu elingazelelwe.

Isimo esingavamile kakhulu kodwa esibi esibizwa ngokuthi i-heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) singenzeka. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amasosha akho omzimba esabela ku-heparin, okwenza inani lakho le-platelet lehle libe phansi ngendlela eyingozi. Udokotela wakho uzoqapha ukubalwa kwegazi lakho njalo ukuze abheke lokhu.

Ubani Ongafanele Athathwe I-Heparin?

Abantu abathile abakwazi ukuthatha i-heparin ngokuphepha ngenxa yezingozi ezengeziwe zokuphuma kwegazi noma ezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokunquma lo muthi.

Akufanele uthathe i-heparin uma une-bleeding esebenzayo noma yikuphi emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuphuma kwegazi ebuchosheni bakho, esiswini, noma kunoma yiliphi elinye ilungu lomzimba. Umuthi uzokwenza lokhu kuphuma kwegazi kube kubi kakhulu futhi kungase kube yingozi empilweni.

Abantu abanenani eliphansi kakhulu le-platelet nabo abakwazi ukuthatha i-heparin ngokuphepha. Ama-platelet asiza igazi lakho ukuthi ligqame, ngakho ukuba nawo ambalwa kakhulu kuhlanganiswe ne-heparin kudala ingozi yokuphuma kwegazi eyingozi.

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• Ukuhlinzwa kwamuva ebuchosheni bakho, emgogodleni, noma emehlweni
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ongagadiwe kakhulu
• Isifo esibucayi se-peptic ulcer
• Isifo sesibindi esibucayi
• Ukuphendula komzimba okwenzeka ngaphambilini ku-heparin
• Umlando we-heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
• Isifo sohlangothi esisanda kwenzeka esibangelwa ukuphuma kwegazi ebuchosheni

Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizohlola lezi zingozi ngokumelene nezinzuzo zokuvimbela amahlule eyingozi egazi. Ngezinye izikhathi ingozi yama-clots iphezulu kakhulu kangangokuthi ukusetshenziswa ngokucophelela kwe-heparin kusengcono kakhulu, ngisho nangengozi ethile yokuphuma kwegazi.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Heparin

I-Heparin itholakala ngaphansi kwamagama amaningi omkhiqizo, nakuba izibhedlela nemitholampilo eminingi isebenzisa izinguqulo ezivamile. Amagama omkhiqizo ajwayelekile afaka i-Hep-Lock, HepFlush, kanye ne-Monoject Prefill.

Zonke izinhlobo ze-heparin zisebenza ngendlela efanayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthola igama lomkhiqizo noma inguqulo ejwayelekile. Into ebalulekile ukuthola umthamo ofanele nohlobo lwezidingo zakho ezithile zezokwelapha, hhayi igama lomkhiqizo elithile.

Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizokhetha ukwakheka okufanele kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezinjengokugxilisa ingqondo, ukupakisha, kanye nendlela abahlela ngayo ukulawula imithi yakho.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Heparin

Eminye imithi eminingi ingavimbela amahlule egazi uma i-heparin ingakulungele. Lezi ezinye izindlela zisebenza ngendlela ehlukile kodwa zisebenzela izinjongo ezifanayo zokuvikela emathunjini ayingozi.

Ama-heparin anesisindo esiphansi samangqamuzana afana ne-enoxaparin (Lovenox) ahlobene eduze ne-heparin ejwayelekile kodwa asebenza isikhathi eside futhi adinga ukuqapha okuncane. Lokhu kungase kube ngcono uma udinga ukwelashwa ekhaya noma ukhetha imijovo engavamile.

Imithi emisha ebizwa ngokuthi ama-anticoagulants omlomo oqondile (DOACs) afaka i-apixaban (Eliquis), i-rivaroxaban (Xarelto), kanye ne-dabigatran (Pradaxa). Lawa maphilisi asebenza ngendlela ehlukile kune-heparin kodwa angavimbela amahlule ngempumelelo ezimweni eziningi.

Udkt wakho uzokusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi yiziphi ezinye izindlela ezingase zisebenze kangcono esimweni sakho. Ukukhetha kuncike esimweni sakho esithile, eminye imithi oyithathayo, nezidingo zakho zokuphila.

Ingabe i-Heparin ingcono kune-Warfarin?

I-Heparin ne-warfarin yomibili iyimithi emihle yokunciphisa igazi, kodwa isebenza ezimweni ezingafani. I-Heparin isebenza ngokushesha uma ifakwe ngomjovo, kuyilapho i-warfarin ithatha izinsuku eziningana ukufinyelela emiphumeleni ephelele ngemuva kokuqala ukuthatha amaphilisi.

Ukuze kuvikelwe ngokushesha amahlule, i-heparin ivame ukuba yindlela engcono. Uma uhlinzwa, uhlangabezana nehlule elisebenzayo, noma udinga ukulwa ngokushesha, i-heparin inikeza isenzo esisheshayo osidingayo.

I-Warfarin isebenza kangcono ekuvikeleni amahlule isikhathi eside ngoba ungayithatha njengepilisi yansuku zonke ekhaya. Abantu abaningi baqala nge-heparin esibhedlela bese beshintshela ku-warfarin ukuze bavikeleke ngokuqhubekayo.

Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizocabangela izinto ezinjengokushesha okudingeka ngayo ukuvikelwa, ukuthi uzodinga isikhathi esingakanani ukwelashwa, kanye nekhono lakho lokuthola ukuhlolwa kwegazi njalo lapho ukhetha phakathi kwale mithi.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Heparin

Ingabe i-Heparin iphephile Kwabesifazane Abakhulelwe?

Yebo, i-heparin ngokuvamile iphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa lapho ezinye izinciphisi zegazi zingaphephile. Ngokungafani ne-warfarin, i-heparin ayiweli ngaphesheya kwe-placenta, ngakho ngeke ithinte ingane yakho ekhulayo.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe ngezinye izikhathi badinga izinciphisi zegazi ngezimo ezinjenge-deep vein thrombosis noma izimo ezithile zenhliziyo. I-Heparin inikeza ukuvikelwa okuphumelelayo ngenkathi igcina ingane yakho iphephile emiphumeleni yomuthi.

Udkt wakho uzokuqapha eduze ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi uthola umthamo ofanele. Inani le-heparin olidingayo lingashintsha njengoba ukukhulelwa kwakho kuqhubeka.

Ngingenzani Uma Ngisebenzisa I-Heparin Eningi Ngengozi?

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha uma ucabanga ukuthi uthole i-heparin eningi kakhulu. Nakuba kuyinto ekhathazayo, ukweqisa kwe-heparin kungalawulwa ngempumelelo ngokunakekelwa kwezempilo okufanele.

Ingozi enkulu ye-heparin eningi kakhulu ukuphuma kwegazi. Qaphela izimpawu ezinjengokulimala okungavamile, ukuphuma kwegazi okungami, igazi emchameni noma esitulweni, noma ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu. Lezi zimpawu zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha.

Uma kudingeka, odokotela bangakunika imithi yokuguqula imiphumela ye-heparin. I-Protamine sulfate iyisidakamizwa esingaphikisana esingaqeda ngokushesha i-heparin uma kwenzeka ukuphuma kwegazi okukhulu.

Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngeqe Umthamo We-Heparin?

Uma weqa umthamo we-heparin, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze uthole isiqondiso kunokuzama ukuzibamba wedwa. Isikhathi nokulinganisa kwe-heparin kubalulekile ekuphepheni kwakho.

Ungaphindi umthamo noma uzame ukwenza izibhamu ezingapheli. Lokhu kungaholela emithini eminingi kakhulu ohlelweni lwakho futhi kwandise ingozi yokuphuma kwegazi.

Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizokusiza ukuthi uthole indlela engcono kakhulu yokubuyela emgwaqeni ngeshejuli yakho yokulinganisa ngokuphepha.

Ngingayeka Nini Ukuthatha I-Heparin?

Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha i-heparin ngaphandle kwesiqondiso sikadokotela wakho, ngisho noma uzizwa ungcono. Ukuyeka kungazelelwe kungakubeka engozini yamaqhubu egazi ayingozi.

Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizinquma ukuthi kuphephile nini ukuyeka ngokuya ngesimo sakho, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi, nempilo yonke. Abanye abantu bashintshela ekunciphiseni igazi ngomlomo, kanti abanye bangayeka ngokuphepha konke ukulwa nokuvuvukala.

Isinqumo sokuyeka sincike ekutheni kungani udinga i-heparin ekuqaleni nokuthi ingabe ingozi yakho yegazi yehle ngokwanele ukuyenza iphephe.

Ngingakwazi Yini Ukuphuza Utshwala Ngenkathi Ngithatha I-Heparin?

Kungcono ukugwema utshwala noma ukulinciphisa kakhulu ngenkathi uthatha i-heparin. Utshwala bungandisa ingozi yakho yokuphuma kwegazi futhi luphazamise ukuthi imithi isebenza kahle kangakanani.

Kokubili utshwala ne-heparin kuyawuthinta umthamo wegazi lakho wokujiya, ngakho ukukuhlanganisa kungaba yingozi. Ngisho namanani amancane otshwala angase andise ingozi yakho yezinkinga zokuphuma igazi.

Xoxa nodokotela wakho mayelana nokusetshenziswa kotshwala ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nge-heparin. Bangakunikeza isiqondiso esiqondile esisekelwe esimweni sakho sezokwelapha nobude bokwelashwa kwakho.