Yini i-Hepatitis B Immune Globulin? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Nokwelashwa Kwasekhaya

I-Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) iyimithi evikelayo esiza umzimba wakho ukulwa nokutheleleka nge-hepatitis B. Cabanga ngayo njengesihlangu sesikhashana esinika amasosha omzimba akho ama-antibody engeziwe ukuze akuvikele uma uke wavezwa igciwane le-hepatitis B noma usengozini enkulu yokulithola.

Le mithi iqukethe ama-antibody avela kubantu abaye bathuthukisa ukuzivikela ku-hepatitis B. Uma wamukela i-HBIG, la ma-antibody aqala ukusebenza ngokushesha, enikeza umzimba wakho amathuluzi owadingayo ukuvimbela ukutheleleka noma ukunciphisa ubukhulu bawo.

Yini i-Hepatitis B Immune Globulin?

I-Hepatitis B immune globulin ngumkhiqizo wegazi owenziwe nge-plasma enikelwe equkethe amazinga aphezulu ama-antibody alwa negciwane le-hepatitis B. La ma-antibody angamaprotheni enziwa amasosha omzimba wakho ukulwa nokutheleleka, futhi i-HBIG iwanikeza enziwe ngomumo uma udinga ukuvikelwa ngokushesha.

Umuthi uza ngezindlela ezimbili: eyodwa ejovwa emsipheni wakho (intramuscular) nenye enikezwa nge-IV egazini lakho (intravenous). Udokotela wakho uzokhetha indlela efanele ngokuya ngesimo sakho esithile nezidingo zezokwelapha.

Abahlinzeki bezempilo bavame ukusebenzisa i-HBIG kubantu abaye bavezwa i-hepatitis B noma izingane ezizalwa omama abanalesi sifo. Isebenza ngendlela ehlukile kunomuthi wokugomela i-hepatitis B ngoba inikeza ukuvikelwa ngokushesha, kwesikhashana kunokuzivikela kwesikhathi eside.

Izizwa kanjani i-Hepatitis B Immune Globulin?

Uma wamukela i-HBIG njengomjovo wemisipha, uzozwa ukuchofoza okusheshayo noma ukushaya endaweni yokujova, okufana nokuthola noma yisiphi esinye isibhamu. Indawo ingase izizwe ithambile noma ibuhlungu usuku noma ezimbili ngemva kwalokho, okujwayelekile ngokuphelele.

Uma uthola i-HBIG nge-IV, ungase uzwe ukupholisa okuncane njengoba umuthi ungena egazini lakho. Abanye abantu bazizwa bekhathele kancane noma bezizwa bebuthakathaka amahora ambalwa ngemva kokwelashwa, kodwa lokhu kuvame ukudlula ngokushesha.

Abantu abaningi bayayibekezelela kahle i-HBIG. Ungase uqaphele ukubomvu okuthile noma ukuvuvukala lapho uthole khona umjovo, kodwa imiphumela emibi ayivamile. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzokuqapha ngemuva kokwelashwa ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi uzizwa kahle.

Yini ebangela isidingo se-Hepatitis B Immune Globulin?

Ungase udinge i-HBIG uma uke wavezwa igciwane le-hepatitis B futhi udinga ukuvikelwa ngokushesha. Lokhu kuvezwa kungenzeka ngezindlela eziningana ezikubeka engozini yokutheleleka.

Nazi izimo eziyinhloko lapho odokotela bencoma khona i-HBIG:

• Ukulimala ngengozi ngamanaliti angcolile
• Ukuxhumana ngokocansi nomuntu one-hepatitis B
• Ukuzalwa kumama one-hepatitis B
• Ukwabelana ngezinto zomuntu siqu njengama-razors noma amabhulashi emazinyo nomuntu onegciwane
• Ukuthola ukumpontshelwa igazi ngaphambi kuka-1975 (lapho kuqala ukuhlolwa)
• Ukuphila emndenini ofanayo nomuntu one-hepatitis B
• Ukuba nokufakelwa kwesibindi lapho ungenayo i-hepatitis B immunity

Abasebenzi bezempilo bavame ukuthola i-HBIG ngemva kokuchayeka emsebenzini. Umuthi usebenza kahle kakhulu uma unikezwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngemva kokuchayeka, okungcono phakathi kwamahora angama-24 kodwa usengasiza kuze kube yizinsuku eziyisikhombisa kamuva.

Iyini i-Hepatitis B Immune Globulin isibonakaliso noma uphawu lwani?

I-HBIG akuyona ngempela uphawu lwanoma yini - iyindlela yokwelapha yokuvimbela udokotela wakho akunika yona uma usengozini yokutheleleka nge-hepatitis B. Cabanga ngayo njengokungenelela kwezokwelapha kunokuba into umzimba wakho uyizala ngokwawo.

Uma udokotela wakho encoma i-HBIG, ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi uke wavezwa igciwane le-hepatitis B noma usesengozini enkulu yokudalulwa. Lokhu kungenzeka uma ungumsebenzi wezempilo, uhlala nomuntu one-hepatitis B, noma uke waba nokuxhumana okungavikelekile ngegazi elinobuthi noma uketshezi lomzimba.

Ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, ukuthola i-HBIG kubonisa ukuthi omama bazo bahlolwe batholakala bene-hepatitis B ngesikhathi bekhulelwe. Lokhu akusho ukuthi ingane inegciwane, kodwa kunalokho idinga ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe ukuze ivimbele ukuthola igciwane kumama wayo.

Ingabe imiphumela ye-Hepatitis B Immune Globulin inganyamalala yodwa?

Ukuvikelwa okuvela ku-HBIG kuncipha ngokwemvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba umzimba wakho ucubungula futhi uqeda ama-antibody. Lokhu kungavikeleki kwesikhashana kuvame ukuhlala cishe izinyanga ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha, yingakho kubizwa ngokuthi ukungavikeleki okungaqondile.

Noma yimiphi imiphumela emincane evela emjovweni, njengobuhlungu noma ububomvu endaweni yokujova, ngokuvamile iyanyamalala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Umzimba wakho umunca umuthi futhi usebenzisa ama-antibody ukuvikela ku-hepatitis B.

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi ekukhathazayo noma ehlala isikhathi eside kunokulindelekile, kulungile ngokuphelele ukuxhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Bangasiza ukunquma ukuthi lokho okuhlangenwe nakho kuvamile yini noma ngabe udinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe.

I-Hepatitis B Immune Globulin ingaphathwa kanjani ekhaya?

I-HBIG kufanele inikezwe ochwepheshe bezempilo abaqeqeshiwe endaweni yezokwelapha, ngakho-ke akukho ukwelashwa ekhaya komuthi uqobo. Kodwa-ke, ungazinakekela ngemva kokuthola umjovo ukuze uzizwe ukhululekile.

Nansi indlela ongaphatha ngayo noma yikuphi ukungakhululeki okuncane ngemva komjovo wakho we-HBIG:

• Sebenzisa i-cold compress endaweni yokujova imizuzu engu-10-15 uma ibuhlungu
• Thatha imithi yokudambisa ubuhlungu etholakala ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela efana ne-acetaminophen noma i-ibuprofen uma kudingeka
• Gcina indawo yokujova ihlanzekile futhi yomile
• Gwema ukukhuhla noma ukubhucunga indawo yokujova
• Thola ukuphumula okuningi futhi uhlale unamanzi
• Gqoka izingubo ezikhululekile endaweni yokujova ukuze ugweme ukucasuka

Lezi zinyathelo ezilula zingakusiza ukuthi uzizwe ukhululekile ngenkathi umzimba wakho usebenzisa ama-antibody okuvikela. Khumbula ukuthi noma yikuphi ukungakhululeki kuvamile ukuba kube mnene futhi okwesikhashana.

Yini ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kwe-Hepatitis B Immune Globulin?

I-HBIG ngokwayo iwukwelashwa kwezokwelapha, hhayi isimo esidinga ukwelashwa. Udokotela wakho uzoqaphela umthamo ofanele nendlela yokukunika i-HBIG ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile kanye nezici eziyingozi.

Ukuze kujovwe imisipha, abahlinzeki bezempilo bavame ukunikeza i-HBIG engalweni yakho engenhla noma ethangeni. Inani lincike esisindweni somzimba wakho nesizathu sokuthi uyayithola. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa nge-IV, umuthi unikezwa kancane ngomthambo, ngokuvamile kuthatha imizuzu engama-30 emahoreni amaningana.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi ancome ukuthola umgomo we-hepatitis B kanye ne-HBIG. Le nhlanganisela ikunikeza ukuvikelwa ngokushesha kusuka ku-immune globulin kanye nokuzivikela isikhathi eside kusuka emgomeni. Ukwelashwa okubili kusebenza ndawonye ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okungcono kakhulu.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela we-Hepatitis B Immune Globulin?

Kufanele uthinte udokotela wakho uma ucabanga ukuthi uke wavezwa igciwane le-hepatitis B. Isikhathi sibalulekile ngoba i-HBIG isebenza kahle uma inikezwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngemva kokuchayeka, okungcono phakathi kwamahora angama-24.

Nansi izimo lapho kufanele ufune ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha:

• Uke walimala ngesinala elisetshenzisiwe
• Uke waba nobulili obungavikelekile nomuntu one-hepatitis B
• Uke walunywa ngumuntu one-hepatitis B
• Uke wabelana ngezinala noma izinto zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa nabanye
• Uke waxhumana ngqo negazi elinobuthi noma uketshezi lomzimba
• Ukhulelwe futhi utholakala une-hepatitis B

Ngemuva kokuthola i-HBIG, kufanele uthinte umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma uba nobuhlungu obukhulu, ukuvuvukala, noma ububomvu endaweni yokujova, noma uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinjengobunzima bokuphefumula, imihuzuko, noma ukukhathala okukhulu.

Ziyini izici eziyingozi zokudinga i-Hepatitis B Immune Globulin?

Izimo ezithile zempilo nemisebenzi zikubeka engozini enkulu yokudinga ukuvikelwa yi-HBIG. Ukuqonda lezi zici eziyingozi kungakusiza ukuthi uhlale uqaphela ukuthi ungayidinga nini le mithi.

Ingozi yakho iphakeme uma ungena kulezi zigaba:

• Abasebenzi bezempilo abaphethe izinala nemikhiqizo yegazi
• Abantu abajova izidakamizwa noma babelane ngezinala
• Amadoda alala namadoda
• Abantu abanabalingani abaningi bobulili
• Abantu abahlala nomuntu one-hepatitis B
• Abantu abathola i-dialysis ngenxa yesifo sezinso
• Abahambi ezindaweni lapho i-hepatitis B ivamile
• Abantu abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezikhubazekile

Izingane ezizalwa omama abane-hepatitis B ngokuzenzakalelayo zidinga i-HBIG njengesinyathelo sokuvimbela. Uma ungena kunoma iyiphi yalezi zinhlobo ezinengozi enkulu, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokugonywa kwe-hepatitis B ukuze uzivikele isikhathi eside.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-Hepatitis B Immune Globulin?

Izinkinga ezinzima ezivela ku-HBIG azivamile kakhulu, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyibheke. Abantu abaningi bathola kuphela imiphumela emibi emincane, yesikhashana ezixazululwa yizo ngaphakathi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.

Imiphumela emibi emincane ejwayelekile ihlanganisa:

• Ubuhlungu, ububomvu, noma ukuvuvukala endaweni yokujova
• Umkhuhlane olula
• Ukukhathala okuncane noma ukuzizwa ukhathele
• Ukukhathwa yikhanda
• Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha

Izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zingabandakanya:

• Ukungezwani okukhulu (i-anaphylaxis)
• Amaqhubu egazi (avamile kakhulu)
• Izinkinga zezinso (ezingavamile kakhulu)
• Ukudluliselwa kwezinye izifo (ezingavamile kakhulu ngenxa yokuhlolwa)

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzokuqapha isikhashana ngemuva kokuthola i-HBIG ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi awunazo izimo eziphuthumayo. Izinzuzo zokuvikela i-hepatitis B zidlula lezi zingozi ezingavamile kubantu abaningi.

Ingabe i-Hepatitis B Immune Globulin ilungile noma imbi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

I-HBIG ngokuvamile iphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi empeleni incomwa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe abaye bachayeka ku-hepatitis B. Umuthi usiza ukuvikela umama nomntwana ekuthelelekeni.

Uma ukhulelwe futhi une-hepatitis B, udokotela wakho cishe uzoncoma ukuthi ingane yakho ithole i-HBIG ngemuva nje kokuzalwa. Lokhu kwelashwa, okuhlanganiswe nomuthi wokugoma i-hepatitis B, kungavimbela ingane yakho ukuthi ingatheleleki cishe kuma-95% amacala.

Ama-antibody ku-HBIG awulimazi umntwana wakho osakhula. Eqinisweni, banikeza ukuvikelwa okubalulekile ngesikhathi esibucayi. Uma uncelisa, i-HBIG iphephile futhi ukuyithola futhi ngeke kuthinte ubisi lwakho noma impilo yengane yakho.

Yini i-Hepatitis B Immune Globulin engase ididaniswe nayo?

Abantu ngezinye izikhathi badida i-HBIG nomuthi wokugoma i-hepatitis B, kodwa lezi izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene zokuvikela. Umuthi wokugoma usiza umzimba wakho ukuthi wakhe ukuzivikela kwawo okuhlala isikhathi eside, kuyilapho i-HBIG inikeza ukuvikelwa ngokushesha, okwesikhashana kusetshenziswa ama-antibody avela kwabanye abantu.

I-HBIG ingase futhi ididaniswe nezinye izinhlobo zokwelashwa kwe-immune globulin ezisetshenziselwa ezinye izifo noma izimo. Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-immune globulin luqukethe ama-antibody ezifo ezithile, ngakho-ke azishintshani.

Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi i-HBIG iyindlela yokwelapha ukutheleleka nge-hepatitis B esekhona, kodwa empeleni iyindlela yokuvimbela esetshenziswa ngemva kokuchayeka noma ezimweni eziyingozi. Uma usuvele unayo i-hepatitis B, uzodinga ukwelashwa okuhlukile ukuze ulawule ukutheleleka.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-Hepatitis B Immune Globulin

Q1. Ingabe ukuvikeleka kwe-HBIG kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani?

I-HBIG inikeza ukuvikeleka kwesikhashana okuvame ukuhlala cishe izinyanga ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuzivikela okungaqondile ngoba uthola ama-antibody enziwe ngomumo kunokuthi uqhamise awakho. Ukuze uthole ukuvikeleka kwesikhathi eside, uzodinga ukuthola uchungechunge lomgomo we-hepatitis B, olusiza umzimba wakho ukuthi udale ukuzivikela okuhlala isikhathi eside.

Q2. Ngingayithola i-hepatitis B ku-HBIG ngokwayo?

Cha, awukwazi ukuthola i-hepatitis B ku-HBIG. Umuthi wenziwa nge-plasma enikelwe ngokucophelela futhi udlula ezigabeni eziningi zokuhlanza ukuze kususwe noma yimaphi amagciwane. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ihlanganisa izinyathelo ezingasebenzi amagciwane, okwenza ukudluliswa kungenzeki.

Q3. Ngiyaqhubeka ngidinga umgomo we-hepatitis B uma ngithola i-HBIG?

Yebo, ezimweni eziningi kufanele usathole umgomo we-hepatitis B ngisho nangemva kokuthola i-HBIG. I-immune globulin inikeza ukuvikeleka ngokushesha, kwesikhashana, kuyilapho umgomo usiza umzimba wakho ukuthi uqhamise ukuzivikela okuhlala isikhathi eside. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza isimiso esikunikeza kokubili ukuvikeleka ngokushesha nokwesikhathi eside.

Q4. I-HBIG iqala ngokushesha kangakanani ukusebenza?

I-HBIG iqala ukusebenza ngokushesha ngemva komjovo ngoba iqukethe ama-antibody enziwe ngomumo. Lawa ma-antibody aqala ukujikeleza egazini lakho ngokushesha, enikeza ukuvikeleka emahoreni ambalwa. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola i-HBIG ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngemva kokuchayeka ku-hepatitis B.

Q5. Ngingakwazi yini ukuphuza utshwala ngemva kokuthola i-HBIG?

Akukho mkhawulo oqondile ekusetshenzisweni kotshwala ngemuva kokuthola i-HBIG, kodwa ngokuvamile kuhle ukugwema utshwala okungenani amahora angama-24 ngemuva kwanoma yikuphi ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha. Uma uzizwa ukhathele noma ungazizwa kahle ngemuva komjovo, utshwala bungase benze lezi zimpawu zibe zimbi kakhulu. Uma ungabaza, buza umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze uthole iseluleko esiqondene nawe.