Yini Umgomo Wokugomela i-Hepatitis B: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni Nokunye

Umgomo wokugomela i-hepatitis B uyisibhamu esiphephile nesisebenza kahle kakhulu esikuvikelayo ku-hepatitis B, isifo sesibindi esingathi sína esingaba esingapheli futhi esibeka ukuphila engozini. Lo mgomo uqukethe iphrotheni efundisa amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi aqaphele futhi alwe negciwane le-hepatitis B ngaphandle kokubangela lesi sifo sangempela. Ukugonywa kungenye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuzivikela wena nabathandekayo bakho kulolu bhubhane olungagwemeka.

Yini Umgomo Wokugomela i-Hepatitis B?

Umgomo wokugomela i-hepatitis B uyisibhamu esivikelayo esenziwe ngengxenye encane yephrotheni engaphezulu kwegciwane le-hepatitis B. Le phrotheni ayikwazi ukubangela ukutheleleka nge-hepatitis B kodwa iqeqesha amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi aqaphele futhi alwe negciwane langempela uma wake walithola. Umgomo unikezwa njengesijovo emsipheni wakho, ngokuvamile engalweni yakho engenhla.

Lo mgomo ukhona kusukela ngo-1982 futhi unerekhodi elihle kakhulu lokuphepha. Uthathwa njengomunye wemigomo ephumelele kakhulu eyake yathuthukiswa, evimbela izigidi zokutheleleka futhi isindisa izimpilo ezingenakubalwa emhlabeni wonke. Umgomo wenziwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-recombinant DNA, okusho ukuthi ukhiqizwa elabhorethri futhi awuqukethe igciwane eliphilayo.

Usetshenziselwani Umgomo Wokugomela i-Hepatitis B?

Umgomo wokugomela i-hepatitis B uvimbela ukutheleleka nge-hepatitis B, okuyisifo esibangelwa amagciwane esihlasela isibindi sakho. Ngaphandle kokuvikelwa, i-hepatitis B ingabangela kokubili ukugula kwesikhashana kanye nomonakalo wesibindi wesikhathi eside, okuhlanganisa i-cirrhosis nomdlavuza wesibindi. Umgomo unconywa kubantu bayo yonke iminyaka, kusukela ekuzalweni.

Ungase udinge lo mgomo uma usengozini enkulu yokuthola i-hepatitis B. Abasebenzi bezempilo, abantu abanabalingani abaningi bezocansi, labo abajova izidakamizwa, kanye nabantu abahlala nomuntu one-hepatitis B bangabanye balabo abazuza kakhulu ekugonyweni. Umgomo futhi unikezwa njalo kuzo zonke izinsana njengengxenye yesimiso sabo sokugoma esivamile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umgomo usetshenziselwa ukuvikela ngemva kokuchayeka. Uma uke wachayeka ku-hepatitis B ngokulimala ngenaliti noma okunye ukuxhumana okuyingozi, ukugonywa ngokushesha kungasiza ekuvikeleni ukuthi ukutheleleka kungaqali.

Umgomo we-Hepatitis B usebenza kanjani?

Umgomo we-hepatitis B usebenza ngokwethula ucezu olungenangozi lwegciwane le-hepatitis B ohlelweni lwakho lomzimba lokuzivikela. Lolu hlobo, olubizwa ngokuthi i-surface antigen, alukwazi ukubangela ukutheleleka kodwa luqala umzimba wakho ukuthi ukhiqize ama-antibody azoqaphela futhi alwe negciwane langempela uma uhlangana nalo kamuva. Cabanga ngakho njengokunikeza uhlelo lwakho lomzimba lokuzivikela umzimba iphosta efunwayo yegciwane.

Lokhu kuthathwa njengomgomo oqinile futhi osebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngemva kokuqeda uchungechunge oluphelele lokugonywa, cishe ama-95% abantu abadala nezingane ezinempilo zithuthukisa ukuzivikela okungahlala amashumi eminyaka. Uhlelo lwakho lomzimba lokuzivikela umzimba luyakhumbula lokho olukufunde emgomweni, ngakho lungaphendula ngokushesha uma uchayeka ku-hepatitis B esikhathini esizayo.

Ukuvikelwa kwakhiwa kancane kancane ngesikhathi sochungechunge lomgomo. Uzoqala ukuthuthukisa ukuzivikela okuthile ngemva komthamo wokuqala, kodwa udinga yonke imithamo enconyiwe ukuze uzuze ukuvikelwa okuqinile nokuhlala isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka.

Kufanele ngiwuthathaphi umgomo we-Hepatitis B?

Umgomo we-hepatitis B unikezwa njengomjovo emsipheni wakho, ngokuvamile engalweni yakho engenhla. Umhlinzeki wezempilo uzohlanza indawo yokujova futhi akunike umjovo esebenzisa inaliti ne-syringe ehlanzekile. Umjovo ngokwawo uthatha imizuzwana embalwa nje, nakuba ungase uzwe ukugwaza okufushane noma ukushisa.

Akudingeki wenze lutho olukhethekile ngaphambi kokuthola umgomo. Ungadla ngokujwayelekile futhi akudingeki ukuthi uwuthathe nokudla noma amanzi ngoba ngumjovo, hhayi iphilisi. Nokho, kungumqondo omuhle ukugqoka izingubo ezivumela ukufinyelela kalula engalweni yakho engenhla, njengehembe elinemikhono emifushane.

Ngemva kokuthola umgomo, ungaqhubeka nemisebenzi yakho ejwayelekile ngokushesha. Abanye abantu bakhetha ukugwema ukuzivocavoca okukhulu ngosuku olusele uma bezwa ubuhlungu engalweni, kodwa lokhu akudingeki. Ukuphuza amanzi amaningi nokudla ukudla okunempilo kungakusiza ukuthi uzizwe ungcono kakhulu ngemva kokugonywa.

Kufanele Ngithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani Umgomo We-Hepatitis B?

Umgomo we-hepatitis B ngokuvamile unikezwa njengochungechunge lwemijovo emi-2 noma emi-3 ezinyangeni eziningana, hhayi njengemithi yansuku zonke oyithatha isikhathi eside. Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwabantu abadala luhlanganisa imithamo emithathu: umthamo wokuqala, olandelwa umthamo wesibili ngemva kwenyanga eyodwa, kanye nomthamo wesithathu ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngemva komthamo wokuqala.

Kubantu abaningi, lolu chungechunge lunikeza ukuvikeleka okuhlala isikhathi eside okungahlala amashumi eminyaka noma impilo yonke. Ngeke udinge ama-booster anyaka ngamanye ama-vaccine. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezibuthakathaka bangase badinge imithamo eyengeziwe noma ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi bagcina ukuvikeleka.

Uma uqala uchungechunge lomgomo kodwa ungaluqedi ngeshejuli, akudingeki ukuthi uqale kabusha kusukela ekuqaleni. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angakusiza ukuthi ubambe imithamo eseleyo, ngisho noma sekudlule isikhathi esiningi kusukela kumjovo wakho wokugcina.

Yiziphi Izimo Ezingezinhle Zomgomo We-Hepatitis B?

Abantu abaningi bathola imiphumela emibi emincane kakhulu evela emgomeni we-hepatitis B, uma ikhona. Ukusabela okuvame kakhulu ubuhlungu, ububomvu, noma ukuvuvukala endaweni yokujova, okuvame ukunyamalala ngosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. Ungase futhi uzizwe ukhathele noma ube nekhanda elibuhlungu elincane ngemva kokugonywa.

Nansi imiphumela emibi ongase uyithole, iqala ngaleyo evame kakhulu:

• Ubuhlungu, ubuhlungu, noma ukuzwela endaweni yokujova
• Ukubomvu okuncane noma ukuvuvukala lapho uthole khona umjovo
• Ukukhathala noma ukuzizwa ukhathele kunokujwayelekile
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu elincane
• Umkhuhlane ophansi
• Ukulimala kwemisipha

Lezi zimpawu ezivamile zokugula empeleni ziyizimpawu zokuthi amasosha akho omzimba ayasabela emgomeni futhi akha ukuvikeleka. Ngokuvamile zithambile futhi ziyazixazulula zodwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Imiphumela emibi engathi sína ayivamile kakhulu kodwa ingabandakanya ukusabela okukhulu komzimba. Izimpawu zokusabela okukhulu komzimba zihlanganisa ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala kobuso bakho noma umphimbo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, noma ukuqubuka okubanzi. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, funa ukunakekelwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Abanye abantu bakhathazeka ngemiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside, kodwa ucwaningo olunzulu emashumini eminyaka lubonise ukuthi umgomo we-hepatitis B uphephe kakhulu. Izinzuzo zokuvikeleka ku-hepatitis B zidlula kakhulu ingozi encane yemiphumela emibi cishe kuwo wonke umuntu.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole Umgomo We-Hepatitis B?

Abantu abaningi bangawuthola ngokuphepha umgomo we-hepatitis B, kodwa kunezimo ezimbalwa lapho kufanele uwugweme noma uxoxe ngakho ngokucophelela nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Uma uke waba nokusabela okukhulu komzimba emthamo wangaphambilini womgomo we-hepatitis B noma kunoma yiziphi izithako zawo, akufanele uthole eminye imithamo.

Kufanele futhi ulinde ukugonywa uma okwamanje uhlangabezana nokugula okuphakathi nendawo noma okukhulu ngomkhuhlane. Lokhu akusho ukuthi awusoze wawuthola umgomo, kodwa kungcono ukulinda uze uzizwe ungcono. Umkhuhlane omncane noma ukugula okuncane ngaphandle komkhuhlane ngokuvamile akuyona isizathu sokulibazisa ukugonywa.

Abantu abanezimo ezithile zezokwelapha badinga ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile. Uma unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka ngenxa yokugula noma imithi, ungase ungasabeli kahle emgomeni, nakuba ngokuvamile kuphephile ukuwuthola. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angasiza ekunqumeni isikhathi esingcono kakhulu nendlela yokwenza ngesimo sakho.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe bangathola umgomo we-hepatitis B ngokuphepha uma besengozini yokutheleleka. Umgomo awaziwa ukuthi ulimaza izingane ezisakhula, futhi ukuvimbela ukutheleleka nge-hepatitis B ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuvikela umama nengane.

Amagama Omkhiqizo Womgomo we-Hepatitis B

Izinkampani eziningana zemithi zenza imigomo ye-hepatitis B evunyelwe futhi esetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke. E-United States, amabhrendi asetshenziswa kakhulu afaka i-Engerix-B, eyenziwe yi-GlaxoSmithKline, ne-Recombivax HB, ekhiqizwa yi-Merck. Yomibili le migomo isebenza kahle kakhulu futhi inezici zokuphepha ezifanayo.

Kukhona futhi imigomo ehlanganisiwe efaka ukuvikelwa kwe-hepatitis B kanye neminye imigomo. I-Twinrix ihlanganisa imigomo ye-hepatitis A ne-hepatitis B ibe munye umjovo, okungaba lula uma udinga ukuvikelwa kokutheleleka kokubili. I-Pediarix ngumgomo ohlanganisiwe wezingane ofaka i-hepatitis B kanye neminye imigomo yobuntwana.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzokhetha umgomo ofanele kakhulu ngokuya ngeminyaka yakho, umlando wezokwelapha, nezidingo ezithile. Yonke imigomo ye-hepatitis B evunyelwe inikeza ukuvikelwa okuhle kakhulu, ngakho-ke umkhiqizo othile awubalulekile kangako kunokuqeda uchungechunge oluphelele lokugoma.

Ezinye Izindlela Zomgomo we-Hepatitis B

Ayikho eminye imigomo evikela ekuthelelekeni nge-hepatitis B. Umgomo we-hepatitis B uwukuphela kokugoma okutholakalayo ngaleli gciwane elithile. Kodwa-ke, uma ungenakukwazi ukuthola umgomo ngenxa yezizathu zezokwelapha, kunezinye izindlela zokunciphisa ingozi yakho yokutheleleka.

Amaqhinga okuvimbela afaka ukuziphatha ngocansi oluvikelekile, ukugwema ukwabelana ngezinaliti noma izinto zomuntu siqu ezingase zibe negazi kuzo, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi noma yimaphi ama-tattoo noma izimbobo zenziwa ngemishini enezinambuzane. Abasebenzi bezempilo bangasebenzisa imishini yokuzivikela efanele futhi balandele izinqubo zokuphepha ukunciphisa ingozi yokuchayeka.

Uma uke wavezwa yi-hepatitis B futhi awukwazi ukuthola umgomo, udokotela wakho angase ancome i-hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG). Lokhu kunikeza ukuvikeleka kwesikhashana ngokukunikeza ama-antibody avela kubantu abanokuzivikela ku-hepatitis B, kodwa akukunikezi ukuvikeleka kwesikhathi eside njengoba kwenza umgomo.

Kubantu abangaphenduli kahle emgomweni ojwayelekile, kukhona amafomula anezilinganiso eziphakeme kanye nezinhlelo ezihlukene zokugoma ezingase zisebenze kahle. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angahlola lezi zinketho uma kudingeka.

Ingabe Umgomo we-Hepatitis B Ungcono Kune-Hepatitis A Vaccine?

Umgomo we-hepatitis B kanye nomgomo we-hepatitis A bavikela emagciwaneni ahlukene, ngakho-ke ukuwaqhathanisa akukhona ngempela ukuthi omunye “ungcono” kunomunye. Yomibili imigomo isebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvikeleni izifo zayo, kodwa iqondise izifo ezihlukene ezinemiphumela ehlukene.

I-Hepatitis B ivame ukubangela izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo yesikhathi eside kune-hepatitis A. Ngenkathi i-hepatitis A ivame ukubangela ukugula kwesikhashana abantu abalulama kukho ngokuphelele, i-hepatitis B ingaba engapheli futhi iholele ekulimaleni kwesibindi, i-cirrhosis, nomdlavuza wesibindi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kwenza ukugonywa kwe-hepatitis B kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yesikhathi eside.

Izinhlelo zokugoma nazo zihlukile. Umgomo we-hepatitis A uvame ukunikezwa ngemithamo emibili cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphandle, kuyilapho i-hepatitis B idinga imithamo emithathu ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Yomibili imigomo inganikezwa ngesikhathi esisodwa ezingalweni ezihlukene, noma ungathola umgomo ohlanganisiwe i-Twinrix ovikela kuzo zombili izifo.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angakusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi yimiphi imigomo oyidingayo ngokusekelwe ezingozini zakho, izinhlelo zokuhamba, nomlando wezokwelapha. Abantu abaningi bayazuza ekuvikelweni kokubili i-hepatitis A ne-hepatitis B.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nomgomo we-Hepatitis B

Ingabe Umgomo we-Hepatitis B Uphephile Kubantu Abanesifo Sikashukela?

Yebo, umgomo we-hepatitis B uphepheke kubantu abanesifo sikashukela futhi empeleni kubaluleke kakhulu kubo. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela banengozi enkulu yokuthuthukisa izinkinga ezinzima ezivela ekuthelelekeni nge-hepatitis B, okwenza ukugonywa kubaluleke nakakhulu empilweni yabo.

Isifo sikashukela asiphazamisi ukusebenza komgomo, futhi umgomo ngeke uthinte ukulawulwa kukashukela egazini lakho. Kufanele uqhubeke nokuthatha imithi yakho yesifo sikashukela njengenjwayelo futhi uqaphe ushukela wakho wegazi ngendlela ejwayelekile ngemuva kokugonywa. Abanye abantu bangase babe noshukela wegazi okhuphukile ngenxa yokusabela kokucindezeleka kunoma iyiphi inqubo yezokwelapha, kodwa lokhu okwesikhashana futhi kulawuleka.

Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngithola ngengozi imithamo eminingi yomgomo we-Hepatitis B?

Ukuthola imithamo eyengeziwe yomgomo we-hepatitis B ngokuvamile akuyona ingozi futhi ngeke kubangele ukulimala okukhulu. Umzimba wakho uzomane unganaki i-antigen eyengeziwe, futhi ngeke uhlangabezane nemiphumela emibi kunaleyo ongayithola emthamo owodwa. Kodwa-ke, kufanele usazise umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngomthamo owengeziwe.

Gcina irekhodi lawo wonke imigomo yakho ukuze uvimbele lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki futhi. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angakusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi ngabe udinga eminye imithamo ukuze uqedele uchungechunge lwakho lokugoma noma ngabe usuvele uvikelekile ngokugcwele.

Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo womgomo we-Hepatitis B?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo ohleliwe womgomo we-hepatitis B, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze uhlele kabusha ngokushesha okukhulu. Akudingeki ukuthi uqale kabusha lonke uchungechunge lokugoma kusukela ekuqaleni, noma ngabe sekuyizinyanga noma iminyaka ngemuva komthamo wakho wokugcina.

Imigomo osuvele uyitholile isabalwa ekuzivikeleni kwakho, futhi ungaqhubeka nje nomthamo olandelayo ochungechungeni. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzokusiza ukuthi ubuyele emgqeni ngohlelo olufanele lokuqedela uchungechunge lwakho lokugoma.

Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha umgomo we-Hepatitis B?

Ungayeka uchungechunge lokugonywa kwe-hepatitis B uma usuqedele yonke imithamo enconyiwe futhi uthole ukuzivikela okwanele. Kubantu abaningi, lokhu kusho ukuqeda uchungechunge lwemithamo emi-2 noma emi-3 njengoba kunconywe umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Ngemuva kokuqeda uchungechunge, ngokuvamile ngeke udinge imithi yokugomela i-hepatitis B eyengeziwe iminyaka eminingi noma mhlawumbe unomphela. Kodwa-ke, abantu abanezimo ezithile zezokwelapha noma labo abasengozini ephezulu bangase badinge ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bagcina amazinga e-antibody avikelayo. Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo angakweluleka ukuthi ngabe udinga yikuphi ukuhlolwa okulandelayo noma imithamo eyengeziwe.

Ngingayithola yini umuthi wokugomela i-Hepatitis B ngesikhathi ngikhulelwe?

Yebo, ungaluthola ngokuphepha umuthi wokugomela i-hepatitis B ngesikhathi ukhulelwe uma usengozini yokutheleleka. Umuthi wokugoma awuyona umuthi wokugoma ophilayo, ngakho-ke awukwazi ukubangela ukutheleleka nge-hepatitis B kuwe noma kumntwana wakho osakhula. Ukugonywa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungasiza ngempela ukuvikela umntwana wakho ngokudlulisa ama-antibody nge-placenta.

Uma ukhulelwe futhi usengozini enkulu yokuchayeka ku-hepatitis B, umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo cishe uzoncoma ukugonywa. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma usebenza kwezempilo, unozakwethu one-hepatitis B, noma unezinye izici eziyingozi yokutheleleka. Ukugonywa kuvikela wena nomntwana wakho ekuthelelekeni okungathi sína.