Yini Umgomo we-Human Papillomavirus (HPV): Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

Umgomo we-human papillomavirus (HPV) umjovo wokuvimbela ovikela ezinhlotsheni ezithile zezifo ze-HPV ezingaholela emdlalweni kanye nezinduna zangasese. Lo mgomo ungomunye wamathuluzi abaluleke kakhulu esinawo okuvimbela izinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza, okuhlanganisa umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, umdlavuza wendunu, nomdlavuza womphimbo. Umgomo usebenza ngokuqeqesha amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi aqaphele futhi alwe ne-HPV ngaphambi kokuthi ilimaze umzimba wakho.

Yini Umgomo we-Human Papillomavirus (HPV)?

Umgomo we-HPV ukugonywa okuvikelayo okusiza ekuvikeleni ukutheleleka ezinhlotsheni eziyingozi ze-human papillomavirus. I-HPV yigciwane elivamile kakhulu elisabalala ngokuthintana kwesikhumba nesikhumba, futhi abantu abaningi abathintekayo ngokocansi bazohlangana nalo ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yabo.

Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwe-100 ze-HPV, kodwa umgomo uqondise ngqo lezo eziyingozi kakhulu. Imigomo yamanje ivikela ezinhlotsheni ze-HPV 16 no-18, ezibangela cishe u-70% womdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, kanye nezinhlobo 6 no-11, ezibangela cishe u-90% wezinduna zangasese. Ezinye izinhlobo ezintsha zivikela ezinhlotsheni eziyingozi kakhulu.

Cabanga ngomgomo njengokunikeza amasosha akho omzimba ukubuka kuqala ukuthi i-HPV ibukeka kanjani, ukuze ikwazi ukuyiqaphela ngokushesha futhi iqede igciwane uma uke wavezwa. Lokhu kuvimbela kwenzeka ngaphambi kokuthi noma yikuphi ukutheleleka kungathatha isikhundla futhi kubangele izinguquko zamaseli ezingaholela emdlalweni eminyakeni eminingi kamuva.

Usetshenziselwani Umgomo we-HPV?

Umgomo we-HPV ngokuyinhloko uvimbela izinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza nezinduna zangasese ezibangelwa ukutheleleka nge-human papillomavirus. Umgomo oyinhloko uwukumisa lezi zinkinga ezinkulu zempilo ngaphambi kokuthi ziqale nokuthi zithuthuke emzimbeni wakho.

Nawa amaphuzu abalulekile umgomo we-HPV osiza ukuwavimbela, futhi ukuqonda lokhu kungakusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi kungani lo mgomo ubaluleke kangaka empilweni yesikhathi eside:

• Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho - umdlavuza ovame kakhulu ohlobene ne-HPV kubantu besifazane
• Umdlavuza wamathumbu - uthinta kokubili amadoda nabesifazane
• Umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane nowesifazane
• Umdlavuza wamalunga emadodeni
• Umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo, okuhlanganisa umdlavuza womphimbo nomlomo
• Izinduna zesitho sangasese - ukukhula okubuhlungu, okungakhululeki ezindaweni ezisondelene
• Izilonda ezingaphambi komdlavuza - izinguquko ezingavamile zamaseli ezingaba umdlavuza

Umjovo usebenza kahle kakhulu uma unikezwa ngaphambi kokuchayeka ku-HPV, yingakho unconywa kubantu abasebancane nasebasha. Kodwa-ke, abantu abadala basengazuza emgomeni ngisho noma beke bahlanganyela ocansini, njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi abazange bachayeke kuzo zonke izinhlobo zegciwane umgomo ozivikelayo.

Isebenza Kanjani Umgomo we-HPV?

Umgomo we-HPV usebenza ngokudala impendulo enamandla yomzimba ngokuphikisana nezinhlobo ezithile ze-human papillomavirus ngaphandle kokubangela ukutheleleka kwangempela. Lokhu kuthathwa njengomgomo osebenza kahle kakhulu onikeza isivikelo esihlala isikhathi eside uma unikezwa njengoba kunconywe.

Umgomo uqukethe izinhlayiya ezifana negciwane ezibukeka njenge-HPV yangempela emzimbeni wakho, kodwa azikwazi ukubangela ukutheleleka noma isifo. Lapho umzimba wakho uhlangana nalezi zinhlayiya, udala ama-antibody futhi usebenzise amaseli omzimba azokhumbula ukuthi angalwa kanjani ne-HPV iminyaka eminingi.

Le nkumbulo yomzimba isho ukuthi uma uke wachayeka egciwaneni le-HPV langempela, umzimba wakho ungaliqaphela ngokushesha futhi uliqede ngaphambi kokuthi lithole ithuba lokuthelela amaseli akho. Ukuvikelwa kubonakala kuqinile kakhulu, ngocwaningo olukhombisa ukuzivikela okunamandla okuhlala okungenani iminyaka eyi-10-15, futhi cishe isikhathi eside.

Umgomo unamandla ikakhulukazi ngoba uvimbela ukutheleleka kunokwelapha isifo esikhona. Uma i-HPV isungula ukutheleleka futhi ibangele izinguquko zamaseli, kuba nzima kakhulu ukubhekana nayo, yingakho ukuvimbela ngomgomo kubaluleke kangaka.

Kufanele Ngithathe Kanjani Umgomo we-HPV?

Umjovo womgomo we-HPV unikezwa njengomjovo emsipheni wengalo yakho engenhla ngumhlinzeki wezempilo. Akudingeki ukuthi ulungiselele nganoma iyiphi indlela ekhethekile ngaphambi kokuthola umgomo - ungadla ngokujwayelekile futhi akudingeki ukuthi uwuthathe nokudla noma amanzi njengemithi yomlomo.

Inani lemithamo lincike eminyakeni yakho lapho uqala uchungechunge lomgomo. Uma uneminyaka engu-9 kuya kwengu-14 ubudala, ngokuvamile uzodinga imithamo emibili enikezwa ngemva kwezinyanga eziyi-6-12. Uma uneminyaka engu-15 noma ngaphezulu, uzodinga imithamo emithathu - umthamo wesibili ngemva kwenyanga engu-1-2 ngemva kowokuqala, nomthamo wesithathu ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisi-6 ngemva kowokuqala.

Ungathola umgomo we-HPV ngesikhathi esifanayo neminye imigomo ejwayelekile, futhi lokhu ngeke kunciphise ukusebenza kwawo. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzoqhubeka nokulandela uhlelo lwakho lokugoma futhi akukhumbuze uma sekuyisikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo.

Ngemva kokuthola umgomo, ungase ufune ukuhlala endaweni yezempilo imizuzu engaba ngu-15 ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi awunazo izimo eziphuthumayo. Lokhu kuyisinyathelo esijwayelekile sokuphepha nganoma yimuphi umgomo futhi kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kwakho.

Kufanele Ngithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani Umgomo We-HPV?

Umgomo we-HPV unikezwa njengochungechunge lwemijovo ezinyangeni eziningana, hhayi njengomuthi oqhubekayo owuthatha nsuku zonke. Uma usuqede uchungechunge olugcwele, uthathwa njengogonywe ngokugcwele futhi awudingi imijovo ejwayelekile yokuthuthukisa.

Kuma-adolescents amancane (iminyaka engu-9-14), uchungechunge luqukethe imithamo emibili esabalaliswa ngemva kwezinyanga eziyi-6-12. Kuma-teens nabantu abadala (abaneminyaka engu-15 nangaphezulu), kudingeka imithamo emithathu esikhathini esingama-6 izinyanga. Kubalulekile ukuqeda lonke uchungechunge ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi uthola ukuvikelwa okuphezulu.

Ucwaningo lwamanje lubonisa ukuthi umgomo unikeza ukuzivikela isikhathi eside, okungenzeka iminyaka eminingi noma ngisho nempilo yonke. Izifundo ziye zalandela abantu abagonyiwe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 futhi ziqhubeka nokubona ukuvikelwa okuqinile ekuthelelekeni kwe-HPV.

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo noma uhlehla esimisweni, akudingeki uqale kabusha uchungechunge. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angakusiza ukuthi ubambe futhi uqedele isimiso sokugoma, uqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukuvikeleka okugcwele ngisho noma isikhathi singalungile.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni Yomgomo we-HPV?

Umjovo we-HPV ngokuvamile uphephile kakhulu, iningi labantu lithola kuphela imiphumela emincane eceleni ezixazulula ngokwazo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Ukusabela okuvamile kakhulu kwenzeka endaweni yokujova futhi kufana nalokho ongase ukuzwe ngeminye imigomo.

Le miphumela ejwayelekile eceleni empeleni iyizimpawu ezinhle zokuthi amasosha akho omzimba ayasabela kumgomo futhi akha ukuvikeleka:

• Ubuhlungu, ububomvu, noma ukuvuvukala endaweni yokujova
• Umkhuhlane omncane noma ukuzizwa ungaphilile kancane
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu noma ukukhathala
• Imisipha noma amalunga abuhlungu
• Isicanucanu noma isiyezi

Lezi zimo zivame ukuhlala izinsuku eziyi-1-2 futhi zingalawulwa ngamaphilisi obuhlungu angathengwa ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela nokuphumula. Ukusebenzisa i-compress ebandayo endaweni yokujova kungasiza futhi ukunciphisa ukungakhululeki.

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu ayivamile kakhulu kodwa ingabandakanya ukusabela okukhulu komzimba, ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo ehlombe, noma ukuquleka (ikakhulukazi entsheni). Abahlinzeki bezempilo baqeqeshwe ukuthi babone futhi baphathe lezi zimo ezingavamile ngokushesha nangempumelelo.

Abanye abantu bakhathazeka ngemiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside, kodwa ucwaningo olunzulu olubandakanya izigidi zabamukeli bomgomo luye lwabonisa ngokuqhubekayo ukuthi umgomo we-HPV uphephile kakhulu. Izinzuzo zokuvimbela umdlavuza zidlula kakhulu ingozi encane yemiphumela emibi.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole Umgomo we-HPV?

Abantu abaningi bangawuthola ngokuphepha umgomo we-HPV, kodwa zikhona izimo ezithile lapho ukugoma kufanele kuhlehliswe noma kugwenywe ngokuphelele. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzobuyekeza umlando wakho wezokwelapha ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi umgomo ukufanele.

Akufanele uthole umgomo we-HPV uma unezimo ezithile zezokwelapha noma izimo ezingenza ukugonywa kube yingozi:

• Ukungezwani okukhulu kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomgomo noma umthamo wangaphambilini womgomo we-HPV
• Ukugula okuphakathi nendawo kuya kokukhulu ngomkhuhlane (lindela uze ululame)
• Ukukhulelwa (noma ngabe uthola ngengozi ngenkathi ukhulelwe, akulimazi)
• Isistimu yokuzivikela komzimba ebuthakathaka kakhulu (xoxa ngesikhathi nodokotela wakho)

Ukuba nesifo esincane njengomkhuhlane akukuvimbeli ukuthi uthole umgomo. Ngokufanayo, ukuba nomsebenzi wezocansi, ukuba nokuhlolwa kwe-Pap okungajwayelekile, noma nokuba nokutheleleka kwe-HPV kwamanje akukukhiphi ekugonyweni, njengoba usengazuza ekuvikelweni kwezinye izinhlobo ze-HPV.

Uma unezinkathazo zokuthi ngabe umgomo ukulungele yini, ukuxoxa ngesimo sakho ngasinye nomhlinzeki wezempilo kungakusiza ukuthi wenze isinqumo esinolwazi olususelwe ezidingweni zakho zezempilo kanye nezici eziyingozi.

Amagama Omkhiqizo Womgomo we-HPV

Njengamanje kunemigomo emithathu ye-HPV etholakalayo, ngamunye enikeza ukuvikelwa okuhlukile kancane ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene ze-HPV. Bobathathu basebenza kahle kakhulu futhi baphephile, futhi umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzoncoma okufanele kakhulu ngokuya ngokutholakala kanye neminyaka yakho.

I-Gardasil 9 ngumgomo we-HPV ovame ukusetshenziswa emazweni amaningi ngoba inikeza ukuvikelwa okubanzi kakhulu. Ivikela ezinhlotsheni eziyisishiyagalolunye ze-HPV, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu ezibangela umdlavuza kanye nalezo ezibangela izinduna zangasese.

I-Cervarix ivikela ezinhlotsheni ze-HPV 16 no-18, ezibangela iningi lomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. I-Gardasil (inguqulo yokuqala) ivikela ezinhlotsheni ezine ze-HPV, kufaka phakathi zombili izinhlobo ezibangela umdlavuza kanye nalezo ezibangela izinduna zangasese.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzosebenzisa umgomo wokugoma okhona futhi ofanele iqembu lakho leminyaka. Yonke imigomo emithathu isebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvikeleni izinhlobo ze-HPV eziqondiswe kuzo, ngakho-ke ungaqiniseka ekuvikelweni okuhlinzekwa yinoma iyiphi yazo.

Ezinye Izindlela Zokugoma i-HPV

Njengamanje, azikho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha noma ukwelashwa ezingavimbela ukutheleleka nge-HPV ngempumelelo njengokugoma. Umgomo we-HPV umelela indlela ethembeke kakhulu yokuzivikela ezinhlotsheni zegciwane ezibangela izinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu zempilo.

Imikhuba yezocansi ephephile, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhondomu okuqhubekayo, kunganciphisa ingozi yokudluliselwa kwe-HPV kodwa akuhlinzeki ngokuvikeleka okuphelele njengoba i-HPV ingasakazeka ngokuthintana kwesikhumba nesikhumba ezindaweni ezingamboziwe amakhondomu. Ukuhlolwa njalo, njengokuhlolwa kwe-Pap somdlavuza wesisu, kungathola izinguquko ezihlobene ne-HPV kusenesikhathi kodwa akuthinti ukutheleleka.

Abanye abantu bahlola izindlela zemvelo zokuthuthukisa amasosha omzimba, kodwa lezi azizange zifakazelwe ukuthi zivimbela ukutheleleka nge-HPV noma izinkinga zayo. Ngenkathi ukugcina impilo enhle iyonke kusekela amasosha akho omzimba, akuyona enye indlela yokuvikelwa okuthile okuhlinzekwa imigomo.

Inhlanganisela yokugoma, imikhuba yezocansi ephephile, nokuhlolwa njalo kunikeza ukuvikelwa okuphelele kakhulu ngokumelene ne-HPV nemiphumela yayo engaba khona. Le ndlela enezendlalelo ikunikeza ithuba elingcono lokuhlala uphilile nokuvimbela imidlavuza ehlobene ne-HPV.

Ingabe Umgomo we-HPV Ungcono Kunezinye Izinyathelo Zokuvimbela?

Umgomo we-HPV ubhekwa njengezinga legolide lokuvimbela ukutheleleka nge-HPV nemidlavuza yayo ehlobene, enikeza ukuvikelwa okungcono uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinyathelo zokuvimbela zodwa. Ngenkathi ezinye izindlela ezinjengemikhuba yezocansi ephephile nokuhlolwa njalo kubalulekile, ukugoma kunikeza ukuvikelwa okuqinile nokuhlala isikhathi eside.

Ukugonywa kuvimbela ukutheleleka ukuthi kungenzeki ekuqaleni, okusebenza kahle kakhulu kunokuzama ukuthola nokwelapha izinkinga ngemuva kokuthi zenzekile. Uma usugonyiwe, unokuzivikela okunamandla okusebenza 24/7 ngaphandle kokudinga ukuthi ukhumbule ukwenza noma yini noma ukuthembela ekubambisaneni kozakwethu.

Ukuqeqeshwa njalo njengokuhlolwa kwe-Pap kubalulekile futhi kugcwalisa ukugonywa kahle, kodwa ukuqeqeshwa kuthola izinkinga ngemuva kokuthi seziqale ukuthuthuka. Umgomo uvimbela lezo zinkinga ukuthi zingenzeki nhlobo, yingakho ochwepheshe bezempilo bekhuthaza ngokuqinile ukugonywa njengesu eliyinhloko lokuvimbela.

Imikhuba yocansi ephephile ihlala ibalulekile empilweni yonke yezocansi nokunciphisa ukudluliselwa kwazo zonke izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo ze-HPV ezingahlanganiswa ngumgomo. Indlela engcono kakhulu ihlanganisa ukugonywa nokuqhubeka nokuqeqeshwa kanye nemikhuba yocansi ephephile ukuze kuvikelwe ngokugcwele.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nomgomo we-HPV

Ingabe Umgomo we-HPV Uphephile Kubantu Abanezifo Zokuzivikela Emzimbeni?

Abantu abanezifo zokuzivikela emzimbeni ngokuvamile bangathola umgomo we-HPV ngokuphepha, nakuba kufanele baxoxe ngesikhathi kanye nokusebenzisana okungenzeka nomhlinzeki wabo wezempilo. Umgomo awuqukethe igciwane eliphilayo, ngakho ngeke kubangele ukutheleleka kwe-HPV ngisho nakubantu abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela emzimbeni ezilimele.

Nokho, abantu abathatha imithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba kungenzeka bangathuthukisi impendulo yamasosha omzimba eqinile emgomweni. Udokotela wakho angase ancome ukulungisa isikhathi sokugonywa ngokuqondene nohlelo lwakho lokwelashwa ukuze wandise ukusebenza kahle ngenkathi kugcinwa ukuphepha.

Ngingenzani uma ngithola ngengozi imithamo eminingi yomgomo we-HPV?

Ukuthola imithamo eyengeziwe yomgomo we-HPV akuyona ingozi futhi ngeke kubangele ukulimala okukhulu. Umgomo uhlolwe kabanzi ukuze uthole ukuphepha, futhi imithamo eyengeziwe imane inikeze ukukhuthazwa okwengeziwe komzimba ngaphandle kokwandisa ingozi yemiphumela emibi ebalulekile.

Ungase uzwe imiphumela emibi eqinile kancane njengobuhlungu endaweni yokujova noma izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, kodwa lokhu kuzozixazulula ngokwazo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze abazise ngomthamo owengeziwe ukuze bakwazi ukubuyekeza amarekhodi akho futhi banikeze isiqondiso esifanele.

Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo womgomo we-HPV?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo ohleliwe womgomo we-HPV, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze uhlele kabusha ngokushesha okukhulu. Akudingeki ukuthi uqale kabusha uchungechunge lonke - ungaqhubeka nje lapho ugcine khona bese uqeda imithamo eseleyo.

Isikhala phakathi kwemithamo singaba side kunalokho obekuhlelelwe ekuqaleni ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukusebenza komgomo. Isistimu yakho yokuzivikela emzimbeni izosathuthukisa ukuvikeleka okuqinile ngisho noma uhlelo lungahambisani kahle, ngakho ungakhathazeki ngokuthi igebe lithinta ukuzivikela kwakho emzimbeni.

Ngingayeka nini ukukhathazeka nge-HPV ngemva kokugonywa?

Ungazizwa uqiniseka ngokuvikeleka ezinhlotsheni ze-HPV ezihlanganiswe ngumgomo wakho emasontweni ambalwa ngemva kokuqeda uchungechunge olugcwele. Isistimu yakho yokuzivikela emzimbeni idinga isikhathi sokwakha ama-antibody nokuthuthukisa amaseli enkumbulo azobona futhi alwe ne-HPV esikhathini esizayo.

Nokho, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi umgomo awuvikeli kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-HPV, ngakho ukuqhubeka nokuhlolwa njalo kanye nemikhuba yezocansi ephephile kusabalulekile. Umgomo unikeza ukuvikeleka okuhle kakhulu ezinhlotsheni eziyingozi kakhulu, kodwa impilo yezocansi ebanzi ihlanganisa amasu amaningi okuvimbela asebenza ndawonye.

Ngingawuthola yini umgomo we-HPV uma sengivele ngithinteka ngokocansi?

Yebo, usengazuza emgomweni we-HPV ngisho noma uthinteka ngokocansi. Nakuba umgomo usebenza kahle kakhulu uma unikezwa ngaphambi kokuchayeka ku-HPV, abantu abaningi abathinteka ngokocansi abakachayeki kuzo zonke izinhlobo zegciwane umgomo ozivikela kuzo.

Noma ngabe uke wavezwa ezinhlotsheni ezithile ze-HPV, umgomo usengakuvikela ezinhlotsheni ezinye eziyingozi ongakaze uhlangane nazo. Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo angakusiza ukuthi uqonde izinzuzo ezingaba khona ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho somuntu siqu nomlando wezempilo.