Yini i-Immune Globulin (IVIG): Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Immune globulin, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-IVIG (intravenous immunoglobulin), ngumkhiqizo wegazi owenziwe ngama-antibody anikelwe izinkulungwane zabantu abanempilo. Lo muthi unika amasosha akho omzimba umfutho ngokulethela ama-antibody alungile asiza ukulwa nezifo nokuthulisa izimpendulo zamasosha omzimba ezingaphezu kwamandla. Cabanga ngakho njengokuboleka amandla kwabanye lapho amasosha akho omzimba edinga usizo olwengeziwe.

Yini i-Immune Globulin?

I-Immune globulin yisisombululo esiqinile sama-antibody aqoqwe ku-plasma yegazi elinikelwe. Lawa ma-antibody angamaprotheni alwa nezifo omzimba wakho awenza ngokwemvelo, kodwa avela kubanikeli abaningi abahlukene ukukunika ukuvikeleka okubanzi. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ihlola ngokucophelela futhi ihlanze la ma-antibody ukuze awenze aphephe ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha.

Lo muthi uqukethe ikakhulukazi i-immunoglobulin G (IgG), okuyilu hlobo oluvamile kakhulu lwe-antibody emzimbeni wakho. Ama-antibody anikelwe amele ukuzivikela ezinkulungwaneni zabantu, ngakho angakwazi ukuqaphela nokulwa namagciwane nezifo eziningi ezihlukene. Lokhu kuvikeleka okuqoqiwe kwenza i-IVIG ibe namandla ikakhulu kubantu abamasosha omzimba abo angasebenzi kahle.

Isetshenziselwani i-Immune Globulin?

Odokotela babhala i-immune globulin ngezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukufaka esikhundleni sama-antibody alahlekile noma ukuthulisa amasosha omzimba asebenza ngokweqile. Uma umzimba wakho ungenzi ama-antibody ngokwanele ngokwawo, i-IVIG ingagcwalisa leyo gebe futhi ikusize ukuthi ungatholi izifo ezinzima.

Lo muthi welapha izimo eziningana lapho amasosha akho omzimba edinga ukusekelwa. Nawa amasevisi amakhulu udokotela wakho angawa cabangela:

• Izifo zokungasebenzi kahle komzimba (lapho uzalwa unomzimba obuthakathaka wokuzivikela)
• I-Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), isimo semizwa
• I-Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), lapho umzimba wakho uqeda ama-platelet awo
• Isifo saseKawasaki ezinganeni, esibangela ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi
• I-Chronic lymphocytic leukemia enezifo ezivame ukwenzeka
• I-Multifocal motor neuropathy, isifo esingavamile semizwa

Abanye odokotela basebenzisa i-IVIG kwezinye izimo ze-autoimmune, nakuba lezi zindlela zisafundwa. Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzohlola ngokucophelela izinzuzo nezingozi ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Immune Globulin?

I-Immune globulin isebenza ngokunikeza ngqo umfula wakho wegazi ama-antibody alwa nezifo. Lawa ma-antibody aqala ngokushesha ukuzulazula emzimbeni wakho, efuna amagciwane nezinye izinsongo abangazibona futhi baziqede. Le nqubo iqala ngokushesha nje lapho umuthi ungena emfuleni wakho wegazi.

Ezimweni zokuntuleka komzimba, i-IVIG isebenza njengokwelashwa okungena esikhundleni. Inikeza ama-antibody okufanele umzimba wakho awenze kodwa awukwazi ukuwakhiqiza ngobuningi obanele. Ama-antibody abolekiwe ahlala esebenza ohlelweni lwakho amasonto amaningana, ekunikeza ukuvikeleka ngaleso sikhathi.

Lapho welapha izimo ze-autoimmune, i-IVIG isebenza ngendlela ehlukile. Isiza ukuthulisa uhlelo lwakho lomzimba olusebenza ngokweqile futhi inciphise ukuvuvukala. Indlela eqondile ayiqondakali ngokugcwele, kodwa umuthi ubonakala sengathi uqala kabusha ukulinganisela komzimba wakho wokuzivikela futhi unciphise ukuvuvukala okuyingozi.

Ngingayithatha Kanjani I-Immune Globulin?

Uzothola i-immune globulin ngomugqa we-IV engalweni yakho, ngokuvamile esibhedlela noma esikhungweni sokufaka umuthi. Le nqubo ngokuvamile ithatha amahora angu-2-4, futhi uzoqashwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizoqala ukufaka umuthi kancane kancane futhi landise ngokuqhubekayo isivinini njengoba umzimba wakho uzivumela.

Ngaphambi kokufakwa kwakho, ungaqala ukudla ngokujwayelekile futhi kufanele uphuze amanzi amaningi ukuze uhlale unamanzi. Odokotela abathile batusa ukuthatha i-acetaminophen (Tylenol) cishe imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokwelashwa ukuvimbela ikhanda noma ukusabela okuncane. Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzokunikeza imiyalelo ethile ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zakho.

Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, uzodinga ukuhlala unganyakazi kodwa ungafunda, ubuke i-TV, noma wenze eminye imisebenzi ethule. Tshela umhlengikazi wakho ngokushesha uma uzizwa unesiyezi, uthola ikhanda, noma uqaphela noma yikuphi ukusabela kwesikhumba. Abantu abaningi bakubekezelela kahle ukwelashwa, ikakhulukazi ngemva kwemihlangano yokuqala.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Immune Globulin?

Ubude bokwelashwa buxhomeke ngokuphelele esimweni sakho nokuthi usabela kahle kangakanani emuthini. Ngokuntuleka kokuzivikela emzimbeni okuyinhloko, cishe uzodinga i-IVIG impilo yakho yonke, ngokufakwa okuvame ukwenziwa njalo emavikini ama-3-4. Lokhu kwelashwa okuqhubekayo kusiza ukugcina amazinga e-antibody aqinile egazini lakho.

Ezimweni ze-autoimmune ezifana ne-ITP noma i-CIDP, ubude bokwelashwa buyahlukahluka kakhulu. Abanye abantu badinga imithamo embalwa nje, kanti abanye badinga ukufakwa kwanyanga zonke izinyanga noma iminyaka. Udokotela wakho uzoqapha izimpawu zakho nokuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze anqume isimiso esifanele sakho.

Ungalokothi uyeke ukwelashwa kwe-IVIG ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala. Ezimweni zokuntuleka kokuzivikela emzimbeni, ukuyeka kungazelelwe kungakushiya ubuthakathaka ezingxenyeni ezinzima. Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzokusiza ukuthi uqonde okulindelekile nokuthi kungaba nini kuphephile ukunciphisa noma ukuyeka ukwelashwa.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni Ye-Immune Globulin?

Abantu abaningi bayibekezelela kahle i-immune globulin, kodwa njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, ingabangela imiphumela emibi. Ukusabela okuvame kakhulu kuvame ukuba mnene futhi kwenzeka ngesikhathi noma ngemva nje kokufakwa. Le miphumela emibi ivame ukuthuthuka ngamazinga okufakwa ahamba kancane noma ngaphambi komuthi.

Nansi imiphumela emibi emnene kuya kwemaphakathi ongase uyithole:

• Ukuqaqamba kwekhanda (umphumela ovamile kakhulu)
• Ukukhathala noma ukuzizwa ukhathele
• Isicanucanu noma ukuquleka kwesisu okuncane
• Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha noma ubuhlungu emalungeni
• Umkhuhlane omncane noma amaqhafuva
• Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba noma ukuluma
• Ubuhlungu noma ukuvuvukala endaweni ye-IV

Lezi zimpendulo zivame ukunyamalala phakathi nosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili ngemuva kokwelashwa. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lingavame ukuvimbela noma ukunciphisa le miphumela ngokulungisa izinga lokufakwa kwakho noma ukukunika imithi ngaphambi kokwelashwa.

Ngenkathi kungavamile, abanye abantu bahlangabezana nemiphumela emibi kakhulu edinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha. Lezi zimpendulo ezingavamile kodwa ezibalulekile zihlanganisa:

• Ukuphendula okukhulu komzimba (i-anaphylaxis)
• Amaqhubu egazi emilenzeni, emaphashini, noma ebuchosheni
• Izinkinga zezinso noma ukwehluleka
• Ukuqaqamba kwekhanda okukhulu okungabonisa ukuvuvukala kobuchopho
• Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ushintsho olungazelelwe embonweni

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha likuqapha ngokucophelela ngesikhathi nangemuva kokufakwa ukuze libheke lezi zimpendulo ezinzima. Abantu abaningi abakaze bahlangabezane nale miphumela emibi kakhulu, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi izimpawu zokuxwayisa.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole I-Immune Globulin?

I-Immune globulin ayiphephile kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuyinika. Abantu abanezimo ezithile babhekana nezingozi eziphakeme futhi bangase badinge ukwelashwa okuhlukile noma izinyathelo zokuphepha ezikhethekile.

Akufanele uthole i-IVIG uma unokuphendula okukhulu komzimba kuma-immunoglobulins noma yiziphi izithako emuthini. Abantu abanokuntuleka kwe-IgA okukhethekile abanezithako ze-anti-IgA babhekana nengozi enkulu yokuphendula okukhulu komzimba.

Izimo eziningana zezokwelapha zidinga ukuqapha okwengeziwe uma kucatshangelwa ukwelashwa nge-IVIG. Udokotela wakho uzolinganisela izinzuzo nezingozi ezingaba khona uma une:

• Isifo sezinso noma umlando wezinkinga zezinso
• Isifo senhliziyo noma izici eziyingozi zamaqhubu egazi
• Isifo sikashukela noma i-pre-diabetes
• Umlando wokushaywa unhlangothi noma amaqhubu egazi
• I-anemia ebucayi noma izifo zegazi
• Ukugonywa kwamuva ngemithi yokugoma ephilayo

Ukukhulelwa nokuncelisa ngokuvamile akuthinteli ukusetshenziswa kwe-IVIG, njengoba umuthi ubhekwa njengophephe kakhulu ngalezi zikhathi. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho uzokugada ngokucophelela futhi axoxe nganoma yiziphi izinkathazo ezithile ezisuselwe esimweni sakho.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Immune Globulin

Izinkampani eziningana zemithi zenza imikhiqizo ye-immune globulin, ngalinye linokwakheka okuhlukile kanye nokugxila. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha umkhiqizo othile ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho, ukubekezelelana, nokutholakala. Amagama ajwayelekile omkhiqizo afaka i-Gammagard, Privigen, Octagam, kanye ne-Gammaplex.

Ngenkathi le mikhiqizo iqukethe umuthi ofanayo oyisisekelo, ingase ihluke ngokuqukethwe ushukela, izilondolozi, noma amazinga e-sodium. Abanye abantu babekezelela imikhiqizo ethile kangcono kunabanye, ngakho-ke udokotela wakho angashintsha ukwakheka uma uba nemiphumela emibi.

Ukukhethwa komkhiqizo ngokuvamile akuthinti ukuthi umuthi usebenza kahle kangakanani esimweni sakho. Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizokhetha inketho efanele kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zakho ngazinye kanye nomlando wezokwelapha.

Ezinye Izindlela ze-Immune Globulin

Kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa okuhlukile kungase kutholakale uma i-IVIG ingafaneleki noma ingasebenzi kuwe. I-Subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) inikeza enye inketho, lapho wamukela khona imithamo emincane ngaphansi kwesikhumba kaningi, ngokuvamile ekhaya.

Ezinye izindlela zincike esimweni sakho esithile. Ezifweni ze-autoimmune, udokotela wakho angase acabangele ama-corticosteroids, eminye imithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba, noma ukwelashwa okusha okuqondiwe. Ekuntulekeni kokuzivikela komzimba, ukufakelwa kwamangqamuzana esiqu kungase kube yindlela ezimweni ezinzima.

Enye indlela engcono kakhulu incike ekuxilongweni kwakho, ubukhulu bezimpawu, kanye nempilo yakho yonke. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzoxoxa ngazo zonke izinketho ezitholakalayo futhi akusize uqonde izinzuzo nobubi bendlela ngayinye.

Ingabe i-Immune Globulin ingcono kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha?

I-Immune globulin akudingeki ukuthi ibe "ngcono" kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha, kodwa inikeza izinzuzo eziyingqayizivele zezimo ezithile. Ngokuntuleka kokuzivikela emzimbeni okuyisisekelo, i-IVIG inikeza ukushintshwa okuqondile kwama-antibody okungahambisani neminye imithi. Lokhu kuyenza ibe yindlela yokwelapha ejwayelekile yezifo eziningi zokuntuleka kokuzivikela emzimbeni.

Ngezimo ze-autoimmune, i-IVIG ivame ukusebenza lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ziye zahluleka noma zingafaneleki. Ivame ukuba nemiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside embalwa kunezinye izidakamizwa ezicindezela amasosha omzimba, okuyenza ibe yindlela enhle kubantu abadinga ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo.

Ukwelashwa "okungcono kakhulu" kuncike esimweni sakho esithile, impilo yonke, indlela yokuphila, kanye nemigomo yokwelapha. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela zonke lezi zici lapho encoma ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu isimo sakho.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Immune Globulin

Ingabe i-Immune Globulin iphephile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela?

I-Immune globulin ingasetshenziswa ngokuphepha kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, kodwa idinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela. Eminye imikhiqizo ye-IVIG iqukethe ushukela (i-sucrose noma i-maltose) engakhuphula okwesikhashana amazinga e-glucose yegazi ngesikhathi nangemva kokufakwa. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizogada ushukela wakho wegazi ngokucophelela futhi lingase lilungise imithi yakho yesifo sikashukela uma kudingeka.

Amafomula angenashukela ayatholakala kubantu abanesifo sikashukela noma labo abasengozini yezinkinga zezinso. Udokotela wakho angakhetha umkhiqizo onokuqukethwe ushukela ophansi ukuze anciphise noma yimuphi umthelela ekulawuleni kwakho i-glucose yegazi.

Ngingenzani uma ngamukela ngephutha i-Immune Globulin eningi kakhulu?

Ukweqisa ngengozi kwe-immune globulin akuvamile ngoba umuthi unikezwa kancane ngaphansi kokugadwa kwezokwelapha. Uma wamukela okuningi kakhulu, ungezwa imiphumela emibi enamandla njengezinhlungu zekhanda ezinzima, isicanucanu, noma ukugcwala kwamanzi. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokugada eduze futhi linikeze ukunakekelwa okusekelayo.

Ukwelashwa kokweqisa kugxila ekuphatheni izimpawu nasekusekeleni izinqubo zomzimba wakho zemvelo. Abantu abaningi bayalulama kahle ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele, yize kungadingeka uhlale esibhedlela ukuze ubhekwe.

Ngingenzani Uma Ngeqa Umthamo We-Immune Globulin?

Uma weqa ukufakwa kwe-IVIG okuhleliwe, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uhlele kabusha. Ungalindi kuze kube yilapho uqokwa kwakho okulandelayo okuvamile, ikakhulukazi uma unesimo sokuntuleka kokuzivikela emzimbeni. Ukweqa imithamo kungakushiya ubuthakathaka ekuvikelweni ezifweni noma kuvumele izimpawu zakho ukuthi zibe zimbi.

Udokotela wakho uzoqoka isikhathi esingcono kakhulu somthamo wakho wokwenza ngokuya ngokuthi ugcine nini ukwelashwa kanye nesimo sakho esithile. Bangase futhi balungise isimiso sakho ukuze bavimbele imithamo eyeqiwe esikhathini esizayo.

Ngingayeka Nini Ukuthatha I-Immune Globulin?

Isinqumo sokuyeka i-immune globulin sincike ngokuphelele esimweni sakho esiyisisekelo nokuphendula kokwelashwa. Ngokuntuleka kokuzivikela emzimbeni okuyinhloko, cishe uzodinga ukwelashwa impilo yakho yonke ukuze ugcine ukuvikeleka ezifweni. Ukuyeka kungakubeka engozini enkulu yezifo ezisongela impilo.

Ezimweni ze-autoimmune, udokotela wakho angase acabange ukunciphisa noma ukuyeka ukwelashwa uma izimpawu zakho zithuthuka futhi zihlala zizinzile. Lesi sinqumo sidinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela nokunciphisa kancane kancane kunokuyeka kungazelelwe. Ungalokothi uyeke i-IVIG ngokwakho ngaphandle kokugadwa kwezokwelapha.

Ngingahamba Ngesikhathi Ngithatha I-Immune Globulin?

Yebo, ungahamba ngenkathi uthola ukwelashwa nge-immune globulin, kodwa kudinga ukuhlela kusengaphambili. Kuzodingeka ukuthi uhlele nezikhungo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo lapho uya khona noma uhlele uhambo lwakho ngeshejuli yakho yokufaka umuthi. Abanye abantu bahlela ukuthola ukwelashwa ezinqabeni zokufaka umuthi kwamanye amadolobha.

Ukuze uhambe phesheya, letha imibhalo mayelana nokwelashwa kwakho kanye nesimo sakho sezokwelapha. Cabangela umshwalense wokuhamba ohlanganisa ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha, futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi uphethe imininingwane yokuxhumana yezimo eziphuthumayo yeqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Udokotela wakho angakunikeza incwadi echaza isidingo sakho salo muthi.