Yini i-Influenza Virus Vaccine Live Nasal Route: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni Nokunye

I-Influenza virus vaccine live nasal route iyisibhamu somkhuhlane esingenayo inaliti esiza njengesifutho sekhala. Umane usifuthe emakhaleni akho esikhundleni sokuthola umjovo engalweni yakho. Lo mithi wokugomela uqukethe amagciwane omkhuhlane aphilayo abuthakathaka asiza umzimba wakho ukuthi wakhe ukuzivikela emkhuhlaneni ngaphandle kokukugulisa.

Abantu abaningi bakhetha le nketho ngoba iyashesha, ayinabuhlungu, futhi ayihileli izinaliti. Isifutho sekhala sisebenza ngokulingisa indlela ohlangana ngayo ngokwemvelo namagciwane omkhuhlane ngekhala nomphimbo wakho, okungakha ukuvikeleka okuqinile, okuhlala isikhathi eside.

Yini i-Influenza Virus Vaccine Live Nasal Route?

Lo mithi wokugomela uyinguqulo ephilayo, ebuthakathaka yegciwane lomkhuhlane elethwa ngekhala lakho njengesifutho. Amagciwane aku-vaccine alungiswe ngokukhethekile ukuze angeke abangele ukugula komkhuhlane ogcwele kubantu abanempilo. Kunalokho, aqine ngokwanele nje ukufundisa amasosha omzimba wakho ukuthi aqaphele futhi alwe namagciwane omkhuhlane angempela.

I-vaccine yesifutho sekhala ibizwa nangokuthi i-LAIV, okusho ukuthi i-Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine. Ngokungafani nesibhamu somkhuhlane esivamile, esiqukethe amagciwane abulawayo, le nguqulo isebenzisa amagciwane aphilayo abuthakathakaliswe elabhorethri. Le ndlela ngezinye izikhathi inganikeza ukuvikeleka okubanzi ngoba ilingisa eduze ukutheleleka kwemvelo.

I-vaccine ngokuvamile ivikela ezinhlotsheni ezine ezihlukene zomkhuhlane ochwepheshe abaqagela ukuthi zizovamile kakhulu ngesikhathi somkhuhlane ozayo. Lokhu kuqagela kuvuselelwa minyaka yonke, ngakho uzodinga umuthi wokugomela omusha isizini ngayinye yomkhuhlane ukuze uhlale uvikelekile.

Yini i-Influenza Virus Vaccine Live Nasal Route Esizenzelwa Yona?

Umjovo womkhuhlane ngamakhala uvimbela umkhuhlane waminyaka yonke kubantu abanempilo abaneminyaka engu-2 kuya ku-49 ubudala. Wenzelwe ukukuvikela ekutheni ungaguli umkhuhlane noma ukunciphisa ubunzima bezimpawu uma ugula. Umjovo usebenza kahle kakhulu uma amagciwane omkhuhlane emphakathini ehambisana nezinhlobo ezifakwe emjovweni walowo nyaka.

Abahlinzeki bezempilo bavame ukuncoma lo mjovo kubantu abesaba izinaliti noma abake baba namava amabi ngemijovo. Futhi kulula kubazali abanezingane ezincane ezingase zikhathazeke ngemijovo. Isifutho samakhala singenza ukugonywa komkhuhlane kungabi nengcindezi emndenini wonke.

Umjovo ulusizo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zomphakathi njengezikole, lapho ifomethi yesifutho samakhala yenza kube lula ukugoma amaqembu amakhulu abantu ngokushesha. Abanye abantu bakhetha futhi ngoba bakholelwa ukuthi indlela yamakhala inikeza ukuzivikela kwemvelo okwengeziwe.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Influenza Virus Vaccine Live Nasal Route?

Umjovo womkhuhlane ngamakhala usebenza ngokwethula amagciwane omkhuhlane abuthakathaka ngqo emakhaleni nasemqaleni wakho, lapho izifo zomkhuhlane ziqala khona ngokwemvelo. Lawa magciwane abuthakathaka azanda ngesikhashana emazingeni okushisa apholile emakhaleni akho kodwa awazi ukusinda endaweni efudumele yamaphaphu akho kanye nohlelo lokuphefumula olujulile.

Uhlelo lwakho lokuzivikela emzimbeni luqaphela lawa magciwane abuthakathaka njengabahlaseli bangaphandle futhi ludala ama-antibody okulwa nawo. Le nqubo futhi yenza kusebenze amaseli okuzivikela emzimbeni abizwa ngokuthi ama-T-cell, akhumbula ukuthi angawalwa kanjani amagciwane omkhuhlane esikhathini esizayo. Indlela yamakhala ingabangela kokubili ukuzivikela kwendawo emakhaleni nasemqaleni wakho, kanye nokuzivikela okuhlelekile emzimbeni wakho wonke.

Lokhu kuvikela okubili kusho ukuthi umzimba wakho usulungele ukulwa namagciwane omkhuhlane kokubili endaweni yokungena kanye nakuhlelo lwakho lonke. Umjovo uthathwa njengomkhulu ngokulinganisela, unikeza ukuvikelwa okuhle uma izinhlobo zomjovo zihambisana kahle namagciwane omkhuhlane azungezayo.

Kufanele Ngithathe Kanjani I-Influenza Virus Vaccine Live Nasal Route?

Uzothola umgomo womkhuhlane ngendlela yokufutha onikezwa ngumhlinzeki wezempilo emgodini ngamunye wamakhala. Le nqubo ithatha imizuzwana embalwa nje futhi ayidingi ukulungiselela okukhethekile ngakho. Akudingeki ukuthi udle noma ugweme ukudla ngaphambi kokuthola umgomo, futhi ungawuthatha ngaphandle noma ngemithi eminye ezimweni eziningi.

Ngesikhathi sokunikezwa, uzohlala uqonde ngqo ngenkathi umhlinzeki wezempilo efaka isifutho esincane emgodini ngamunye wamakhala. Ungase uzwe umuzwa omfushane, olula njengoba uketshezi lungena emakhaleni akho, kodwa akufanele kube buhlungu. Abanye abantu bazwa ukuthi amakhala abo ayageleza kancane noma ukuminyana kwamakhala ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, okujwayelekile ngokuphelele.

Akudingeki ukuthi wenze lutho olukhethekile ngemva kokuthola umgomo. Ungadla, uphuze, futhi uqhubeke nemisebenzi yakho ejwayelekile ngokushesha. Umgomo uqala ukusebenza ngokushesha, kodwa kuthatha amasonto amabili ukwakha ukuvikeleka okugcwele emkhuhlaneni.

Kufanele Ngithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani Umgomo We-Influenza Virus Live Nasal Route?

Udinga kuphela umthamo owodwa womgomo womkhuhlane ngendlela yokufutha isizini ngayinye yomkhuhlane ukuze uthole ukuvikeleka okugcwele. Ngokungafani neminye imigomo edinga imithamo eminingi, lo mthamo owodwa wonyaka wanele abantu abaningi. Isikhathi sibalulekile nokho - kufanele ugonywe ngo-Okthoba uma kungenzeka, ngoba isizini yomkhuhlane ivamise ukufinyelela ezingeni eliphezulu phakathi kukaDisemba noFebhuwari.

Izingane ezineminyaka engu-2 kuya kwengu-8 ubudala ezingakaze zithole noma yimuphi umgomo womkhuhlane ngaphambili zingase zidinge imithamo emibili enikezwa okungenani amasonto amane ngaphandle ngesikhathi sesizini yabo yokuqala yomkhuhlane. Ngemva kwalowo nyaka wokuqala, bazodinga kuphela umthamo owodwa ngonyaka njengawo wonke umuntu.

Ukuvikeleka emgomweni wonyaka ngamunye kuqhubeka kuyo yonke isizini yomkhuhlane, eqala ngo-Okthoba kuya kuMeyi. Uzodinga umgomo omusha unyaka ngamunye ngoba amagciwane omkhuhlane ashintsha njalo, futhi ukuzivikela kwakho emagcinweni angaphambilini kwehla kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni Yomgomo We-Influenza Virus Live Nasal Route?

Abantu abaningi bazwa imiphumela emincane kuphela evela emgomeni womkhuhlane ongeniswa ngamakhala, uma ikhona. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zenzeka ngqo lapho umgomo unikezwe khona - emakhaleni nasemphinjeni wakho. Le miphumela emibi ngokuvamile iyindlela yomzimba wakho ejwayelekile yokwakha ukuzivikela futhi ngokuvamile iyanyamalala phakathi nosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili.

Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ongase uyibone ihlanganisa:

• Ikhala eligobayo noma elivaliwe elihlala izinsuku eziyi-1-2
• Ukuqaqamba komphimbo okuncane noma ukucasuka komphimbo
• Ikhanda elincane eliza futhi lihambe
• Umkhuhlane olula, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane
• Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha okuncane okuzwakala sengathi uyagula
• Ukuncipha kwesifiso sokudla usuku olulodwa noma ngaphezulu
• Ukukhathala okujwayelekile noma ukuzizwa ungaphilile kancane

Lezi zimpawu empeleni ziyizimpawu ezinhle zokuthi amasosha akho omzimba ayasabela emgomeni futhi akha ukuvikeleka. Zincane kakhulu kunezimpawu zomkhuhlane wangempela futhi akufanele ziphazamise kakhulu imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke.

Imiphumela emibi engavamile kodwa ebonakalayo ingenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile, nakuba isathambekele ekubeni mnene:

• Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ubunzima bokuphefumula obuncane, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanesifuba somoya
• Isicanucanu noma isisu esincane esicasukile
• Isiyezi noma ukuzizwa unovalo
• Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba noma imihuzuko
• Amanodi e-lymph avuvukele entanyeni yakho

Uma uhlangabezana nokuphefumula kanzima noma izinkinga zokuphefumula, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha, njengoba lokhu kungase kubonise ukuthi umgomo awukulungele.

Imiphumela emibi ebucayi ayivamile kakhulu kodwa idinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukusabela okukhulu komzimba okubangela ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala kobuso bakho noma umphimbo, noma umkhuhlane ophezulu ongaphezu kuka-101°F ongayisabeli ezintweni zokunciphisa umkhuhlane. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, funa ukunakekelwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole Umgomo Wegciwane Lomkhuhlane Ngezindlela Zekhala Eziphilayo?

Umjovo womkhuhlane ngamakhala awufanele wonke umuntu, yize ngokuvamile uphephile kubantu abaningi abanempilo. Izimo ezithile zempilo, amaqembu obudala, kanye nezimo zenza ukuthi umjovo womkhuhlane wendabuko ube yindlela engcono. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angasiza ekutholeni ukuthi yimuphi umuthi wokugoma okufanele.

Akufanele uthole umjovo womkhuhlane ngamakhala uma ungena kunoma iyiphi yalezi zigaba:

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• Noma ubani ongaphansi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala noma ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-49 ubudala
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• Abesifazane abakhulelwe (umuthi wokugoma ohlonyiwe uphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa)
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• Abantu abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezibuthakathaka ngenxa yokugula noma imithi
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• Noma ubani one-asthma ebucayi noma ukukhwehlela okusebenzayo
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• Abantu abanezifo ezingapheli zenhliziyo, amaphaphu, izinso, noma isibindi
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• Noma ubani onesifo sikashukela noma ezinye izifo ze-metabolic
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• Abantu abathatha i-aspirin noma imithi equkethe i-aspirin
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• Noma ubani onomlando we-Guillain-Barré syndrome
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Lezi zithiyo zikhona ngoba umuthi wokugoma ngamakhala uqukethe amagciwane aphilayo angase abangele izinkinga kubantu abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezikhubazekile noma izimo ezithile ezingapheli. Umuthi wokugoma umkhuhlane ohlonyiwe, oqukethe amagciwane abulaliwe, uphephile kula maqembu.

Kufanele futhi ugweme umuthi wokugoma ngamakhala uma unokungezwani komzimba okukhulu namaqanda, i-gelatin, noma yiziphi izithako zomuthi wokugoma. Abantu abanakekela iziguli ezinokuzivikela komzimba okukhulu kufanele futhi bakhethe umuthi wokugoma ohlonyiwe esikhundleni salokho, njengoba kunethuba elincane lokudlulisa amagciwane omuthi wokugoma ezigulini ezisengozini.

Igama Lomkhiqizo Lomuthi Womkhuhlane Wegciwane Le-Influenza Live Nasal Route

Umjovo womkhuhlane ngamakhala uvame ukutholakala ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi FluMist Quadrivalent. Lona umuthi wokugoma umkhuhlane oyinhloko ngamakhala osetshenziswa e-United States nakwamanye amazwe amaningi. Ingxenye ethi

I-FluMist isetshenziswe iminyaka eminingi futhi inerekhodi elihle lokuphepha. Umgomo wenziwa yi-MedImmune, manje eseyingxenye ye-AstraZeneca. Abanye abahlinzeki bezempilo bangase bamane babhekisele kuwo ngokuthi "umgomo womkhuhlane wamathambo" noma "i-flu spray" kunokusebenzisa igama lomkhiqizo.

Kwezinye izifunda, ungahlangana namanye amagama omkhiqizo wemigomo yomkhuhlane wamathambo efanayo, kodwa i-FluMist Quadrivalent isahlala iyona engaziwa kakhulu futhi esetshenziswa emhlabeni jikelele.

Ezinye Izindlela Zomgomo We-Influenza Virus Live Nasal Route

Uma umgomo womkhuhlane wamathambo ungalungile kuwe, kunezindlela eziningana ezisebenzayo ezitholakalayo. Enye indlela ejwayelekile umjovo womkhuhlane wendabuko, onikezwa njengomjovo engalweni yakho engenhla. Lo mgomo uqukethe amagciwane omkhuhlane abulawayo futhi uphephile cishe kuwo wonke umuntu, okuhlanganisa abesifazane abakhulelwe nabantu abanezimo zempilo ezingapheli.

Umgomo womkhuhlane ojovwayo uza ngezindlela ezahlukene ngokuya ngeminyaka yakho nesimo sempilo. Imigomo esezingeni elijwayelekile isebenza kahle kubantu abadala abaningi abanempilo, kuyilapho izinguqulo eziphezulu zitholakala kubantu abaneminyaka engu-65 nangaphezulu ukuze banikeze ukuvikelwa okuqinile. Kukhona futhi imigomo esekelwe esitokisini kanye ne-recombinant yabantu abanezifo ezingathi sína zamaqanda.

Abanye abantu bakhetha indlela ye-jet injector, eletha umgomo ngesikhumba ngaphandle kwenelidi lendabuko. Le nketho ayitholakali kabanzi kodwa ingase inikezwe emitholampilo ethile noma ngesikhathi semicimbi yokugoma eminingi.

Kubantu abangakwazi ukuthola noma yimuphi umgomo womkhuhlane ngenxa yokungezwani komzimba okukhulu noma ezinye izinto ezingavumelekile, ukuvimbela kugxila emikhubeni emihle yenhlanzeko, ukugwema izixuku ngesikhathi somkhuhlane, nokuthatha imithi elwa namagciwane uma echayeka kumkhuhlane.

Ingabe Umgomo We-Influenza Virus Live Nasal Route Ungcono Kune-Injectable Flu Vaccine?

Zombili imigomo yomkhuhlane, eyokufuthelwa ngamakhala kanye neyokujovwa, zinikeza ukuvikeleka okuhle, kodwa ngayinye inezinzuzo ngokuya ngesimo sakho. Umgomo wokufuthelwa ngamakhala ungaba lula futhi ungabi nengcindezi, ikakhulukazi kubantu abangazithandi izinaliti noma abanezingane ezesaba imijovo. Ezinye izifundo zikhomba ukuthi umgomo wokufuthelwa ngamakhala unganikeza ukuzivikela okubanzi ngoba uvuselela izimpendulo zomzimba ekhaleni nasemqaleni lapho izifo zomkhuhlane ziqala khona.

Kodwa-ke, umgomo wokujovwa uvame ukuthembeka kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwawo futhi ungasetshenziswa cishe yiwo wonke umuntu kungakhathaliseki ubudala noma isimo sempilo. Futhi awuthwali ingozi encane yokudlulisela amagciwane omgomo kwabanye ekhona ngomgomo ophilayo wokufuthelwa ngamakhala.

Ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonisa ukuthi yomibili imigomo inikeza amazinga afanayo okuvikeleka lapho izinhlobo zomgomo zihambisana kahle namagciwane omkhuhlane azungezayo. Umgomo wokujovwa ubelokhu uthembeke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwawo eminyakeni edlule, kanti ukusebenza komgomo wokufuthelwa ngamakhala kuye kwahluka kakhulu isizini ngesizini.

Ukukhetha okungcono kuncike ezimweni zakho, ubudala, isimo sempilo, kanye nezintandokazi zakho. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angakusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi iyiphi inketho ezosebenza kangcono kuwe nomndeni wakho.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nomgomo Wegciwane Lomkhuhlane Eliphilayo Ngendlela Yekhala

Q1. Ingabe Umgomo Wegciwane Lomkhuhlane Eliphilayo Ngendlela Yekhala Uphephile Kubantu Abanesifuba Somoya?

Umgomo womkhuhlane wokufuthelwa ngamakhala ngokuvamile awunconyelwe abantu abanesifuba somoya, ikakhulukazi labo abanesifuba somoya esibi noma ukukhwehlela okusebenzayo. Amagciwane aphilayo kumgomo angase akwazi ukuqala izimpawu zesifuba somoya noma ubunzima bokuphefumula kubantu abazwelayo. Ngisho nabantu abanesifuba somoya esingesibi, esilawulwa kahle kufanele baxoxe ngezingozi nezinzuzo nomhlinzeki wabo wezempilo ngaphambi kokukhetha umgomo wokufuthelwa ngamakhala.

Uma une-asthma, umgomo womkhuhlane ongajovwa ngokuvamile uyindlela ephephe kakhulu. Unikeza ukuvikeleka okuhle ngaphandle kwengozi yokubangela izimpawu zokuphefumula. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi yimuphi umgomo ofaneleka kakhulu ngokuya ngobunzima be-asthma yakho nokuthi ilawulwa kahle kangakanani.

Umbuzo 2. Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngisebenzisa Ngengozi Umgomo Omningi Kakhulu We-Influenza Virus Live Nasal Route?

Akunakwenzeka ukuthi uthole umgomo womkhuhlane ngamaphutha ngoba unikezwa ochwepheshe bezempilo abaqeqeshiwe ezindaweni ezilawulwayo. Umgomo uza ngemithamo elinganiselwe ngaphambili, futhi abasebenzi bezempilo baqeqeshwe ukuthi banikeze inani eliqondile. Uma ukhathazekile ngokuthola umthamo owengeziwe, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo, kodwa izinkinga ezinzima ezivela ekweqiseni umgomo azivamile kakhulu.

Uma ngandlela thize uthole imithamo emibili yomgomo wekhala ngokushesha, ungase uhlangabezane nemiphumela emibi enamandla kancane efana nokugcwala kwekhala okwandisiwe noma izimpawu ezithambile ezinjengomkhuhlane. Le miphumela kufanele ibe mnene futhi ixazululwe ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Qapha izimpawu zakho futhi uxhumane nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma uba nezinkinga ezinzima noma eziqhubekayo.

Umbuzo 3. Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngiphuthelwa Umthamo Wami Ohleliwe We-Influenza Virus Vaccine Live Nasal Route?

Uma uphuthelwa ukuqokwa kwakho kokugonywa komkhuhlane, hlela kabusha ngokushesha okukhulu. Imigomo yomkhuhlane itholakala kuyo yonke inkathi yomkhuhlane, evame ukusuka ngo-Okthoba kuya kuMeyi. Ngenkathi kungcono ukugonywa ngo-Okthoba, ukugonywa kamuva esizini kusahlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okubalulekile.

Awudingi ukuqala phansi noma ukuthola imithamo eminingi uma uliphuzile - vele uthole umthamo owodwa uma ungakwazi. Umgomo uthatha cishe amasonto amabili ukwakha ukuvikeleka okugcwele, ngakho-ke noma ngabe ugonywa ngesikhathi somkhuhlane, usazozozuzisa ekuvikelweni okuhlinzekayo.

Umbuzo 4. Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-Influenza Virus Vaccine Live Nasal Route?

Kufanele uqhubeke nokuthola imigomo yomkhuhlane yonyaka impilo yakho yonke ukuze uqhubeke nokuvikeleka. Amagciwane omkhuhlane ashintsha njalo, futhi ukuzivikela kwakho emithini yokugoma yangaphambilini kuncipha kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi udinga umuthi wokugoma omusha minyaka yonke ukuze ugcine ukuvikeleka okungcono kakhulu emikhuhlaneni elindeleke ukuthi izungeze.

Nokho, kungase kudingeke ushintshe emuthini wokugoma wamakhala uye emuthini wokugoma ojovwayo njengoba ukhula. Umuthi wokugoma wamakhala uvunyelwe kuphela kubantu abaneminyaka engu-2-49, ngakho-ke uzodinga ukusebenzisa inguqulo ejovwayo uma usuneminyaka engu-50. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzokuqondisa ngalolu shintsho uma kufika isikhathi.

Q5. Ngingawuthola Umuthi Wokugoma Womkhuhlane Wasekhala Uma Ngithatha Ama-Antibiotics?

Ukuthatha ama-antibiotics akukuvimbeli ukuthi uthole umuthi wokugoma wamakhala, kodwa izinhlobo ezithile zama-antibiotics zingase zithinte ukuthi umuthi wokugoma usebenza kahle kangakanani. Ama-antibiotics asebenza ngokumelene namagciwane (njengemithi ethile elwa namagciwane) angase aphazamise amagciwane aphilayo emuthini wokugoma wamakhala. Ama-antibiotics amaningi avamile e-bacterial awuthinti ukusebenza komuthi wokugoma.

Yazisa umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo nganoma yimiphi imithi oyithathayo, okuhlanganisa ama-antibiotics, uma uthola umuthi wakho wokugoma umkhuhlane. Bangakwazi ukweluleka ukuthi kungcono yini ukulinda uze uqede inkambo yakho ye-antibiotic noma uma kuphephile ukuqhubeka nokugoma. Ezimweni eziningi, ungafaka umuthi wokugoma ngenkathi uthatha ama-antibiotics ajwayelekile ngaphandle kwezinkinga.