Yini i-Insulin (Indlela ye-Parenteral): Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Insulin enikezwa ngendlela ye-parenteral isho i-insulin elethwa ngqo emzimbeni wakho ngokujova, ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho noma emthanjeni. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuthi i-insulin ifinyelela ngokushesha nangempumelelo emgudwini wakho wegazi, idlula ngokuphelele uhlelo lwakho lokugaya ukudla.

Uma wena noma othile omkhathalelayo edinga ukwelashwa nge-insulin, ukuqonda ukuthi i-insulin ye-parenteral isebenza kanjani kungakusiza ukuthi uzizwe uqiniseka kakhulu ngalokhu kwelashwa okubalulekile. Le ndlela yokuletha isize ngokuphepha abantu ukuthi balawule isifo sikashukela cishe iminyaka eyikhulu.

Yini i-Insulin (Indlela ye-Parenteral)?

I-Insulin ye-Parenteral iyisidakamizwa se-insulin esinikezwa ngokujova kunokuba ngomlomo. Igama elithi "parenteral" limane nje lisho "ngaphandle kwamathumbu," okuchaza noma iyiphi indlela edlula uhlelo lwakho lokugaya ukudla.

Lokhu kuhlanganisa imijovo engaphansi kwesikhumba (ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho), imijovo ye-intravenous (emthanjeni), kanye nemijovo ye-intramuscular (emathanjeni emisipha). Abantu abaningi abanesifo sikashukela basebenzisa imijovo engaphansi kwesikhumba, okuyindlela ejwayelekile futhi enethezekile.

Umzimba wakho ngokwemvelo ukhiqiza i-insulin epancreas yakho, kodwa abanye abantu badinga i-insulin eyengeziwe ukuze balawule amazinga kashukela egazini labo. Ukulethwa kwe-Parenteral kuqinisekisa ukuthi le mithi esindisa impilo ifinyelela emgudwini wakho wegazi ngesikhathi esifanele nangokugxila okufanele.

Yini i-Insulin (Indlela ye-Parenteral) Esizenzelwe Yona?

I-Insulin ye-Parenteral ikakhulukazi iphatha i-diabetes mellitus, kokubili uhlobo 1 nohlobo 2. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 badinga i-insulin ngoba i-pancreas yabo ikhiqiza i-insulin encane noma ingayikhiqizi ngokwemvelo.

Abantu abaningi abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 nabo bayazuza ekwelashweni nge-insulin, ikakhulukazi lapho isimo sabo siqhubeka noma eminye imithi inganele. Udokotela wakho angase ancome i-insulin uma amazinga kashukela egazini lakho ehlala ephezulu kakhulu naphezu kweminye imithi.

Ngaphandle kokuphathwa kwesifo sikashukela, i-insulin ye-parenteral isiza ukwelapha i-diabetic ketoacidosis, inkinga enkulu lapho umzimba wakho ukhiqiza khona ama-asidi ayingozi abizwa ngokuthi ama-ketone. Izimo eziphuthumayo ngezinye izikhathi zidinga ukulethwa kwe-insulin okusheshayo ngemigudu ye-intravenous.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe abanesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa nabo bangase badinge i-insulin ye-parenteral ukuvikela umama nomntwana. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi amazinga kashukela egazi ahlala ngaphakathi kwamabanga aphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Insulin (Indlela ye-Parenteral)?

I-insulin ye-Parenteral isebenza ngokulingisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin komzimba wakho wemvelo. Uma isijovwe, i-insulin isiza ukuhambisa i-glucose esuka egazini lakho iye emangqamuzaneni akho, lapho isetshenziselwa khona amandla.

Cabanga nge-insulin njengokhiye ovula iminyango yamangqamuzana akho, okuvumela i-glucose ukuthi ingene futhi inakekele umzimba wakho. Ngaphandle kwe-insulin eyanele, i-glucose yakha egazini lakho, okuholela emazingeni kashukela egazi aphezulu ayingozi.

Amandla nesivinini sesenzo se-insulin kuncike ohlotsheni oluthile olubekiwe. Ama-insulin asebenza ngokushesha asebenza ngemizuzu engama-15, kuyilapho amafomula asebenza isikhathi eside enikeza ukumbozwa okuqhubekayo kuze kube amahora angama-24.

Ukumuncwa kwe-insulin ye-Subcutaneous kwenzeka kancane kancane ngemithambo emincane yegazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho. Lokhu kudala ukukhishwa okulawulwa kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokulethwa kwe-intravenous, okusebenza ngokushesha kodwa kudinga ukugadwa kwezokwelapha.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Insulin (Indlela ye-Parenteral)?

Ukuthatha i-insulin ye-parenteral ngendlela efanele kuqinisekisa ukuthi imithi isebenza ngempumelelo nangokuphepha. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzokufundisa inqubo efanele yokujova futhi akusize ukhethe izindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokujova.

Abantu abaningi bajova i-insulin ezindaweni ezinamafutha njengesisu sakho, amathanga, noma izingalo ezingenhla. Zungezisa izindawo zokujova njalo ukuvimbela izinkinga zesikhumba futhi uqinisekise ukumuncwa okuqhubekayo.

Nawa amasu abalulekile okujova i-insulin ngokuphepha:

• Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi
• Hlola i-insulin yakho ukuthi ayinazo yini izigaxa, amakristalu, noma ukubukeka okungajwayelekile
• Hlanza indawo yokujova nge-alcohol swab uma kunconyiwe
• Faka inaliti nge-engeli engama-90 degrees kubantu abaningi
• Jova i-insulin kancane kancane futhi ngokuqinile
• Bamba inaliti endaweni imizuzwana eyi-10 ngaphambi kokuyisusa
• Lahla izinaliti ngokuphepha esitsheni esiqinile

Lezi zinyathelo zisiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi umjovo ngamunye unikeza inani elifanele le-insulin ngenkathi kuncishiswa ukungakhululeki. Umfundisi wakho wesifo sikashukela angakunikeza ukuqeqeshwa okusebenzayo uze uzizwe uqinisekile.

Isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu ngemijovo ye-insulin. I-insulin esebenza ngokushesha kufanele ithathwe ngaphambi nje kokudla, kanti i-insulin esebenza isikhathi eside ivame ukunikezwa ngesikhathi sokulala noma ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke.

Gcina i-insulin engavuliwe esiqandisini sakho, kodwa vumela ukuthi ifinyelele izinga lokushisa legumbi ngaphambi kokujova. I-insulin ebandayo ingabangela ukungakhululeki okwengeziwe futhi ingase ingamuncwa ngendlela elindelekile.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Insulin (Indlela ye-Parenteral)?

Ubude be-insulin therapy buqondene ngokuphelele nesimo sakho nezidingo zakho. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 ngokuvamile badinga i-insulin therapy yokuphila konke ngoba amanyikwe abo awakwazi ukukhiqiza i-insulin.

Ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ubude be-insulin therapy buyahlukahluka kakhulu. Abanye abantu badinga i-insulin okwesikhashana ngesikhathi sokugula noma ukucindezeleka, kanti abanye bayayidinga isikhathi eside njengoba isimo sabo siqhubeka.

Udokotela wakho uzohlola njalo ukulawulwa kukashukela egazini lakho, impilo yonke, nokuphendula ekwelashweni. Bangase balungise uhlelo lwakho lwe-insulin noma bahlole ezinye izinketho zokwelapha ngokusekelwe kulokhu kuhlola.

Ungayeki ukuthatha i-insulin ngaphandle kokubonisana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo kuqala. Ukuyeka kungazelelwe kungaholela ekunyukeni okuyingozi kukashukela wegazi kanye nezinkinga ezinzima njenge-diabetic ketoacidosis.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni Ye-Insulin (Indlela ye-Parenteral)?

Abantu abaningi bayakwazi ukumelana kahle ne-insulin ye-parenteral, kodwa njengayo yonke imithi, ingabangela imiphumela emibi. Ukuqonda le miphumela engaba khona kukusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi nini okufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha.

Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ngokuvamile ithambile futhi ingalawuleka ngobuchwepheshe obufanele nokuqapha. Kodwa-ke, eminye imiphumela idinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ongase uyithole ihlanganisa:

• Ukubomvu, ukuvuvukala, noma ukuluma ezindaweni zokujova
• Ubuhlungu besikhashana noma ukushisa ngesikhathi sokujova
• Amaqhubu amancane ngaphansi kwesikhumba (i-lipodystrophy)
• Ukuzuza isisindo esincane njengoba umzimba wakho usebenzisa i-glucose ngempumelelo enkulu
• Ukulimala ngezikhathi ezithile ezindaweni zokujova

Le miphumela ivame ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela ukwelashwa nge-insulin futhi indlela yakho yokujova ithuthuka.

I-Hypoglycemia (ushukela ophansi wegazi) imelela umphumela omubi ovamile kakhulu. Izimpawu zihlanganisa ukuthuthumela, ukujuluka, ukudideka, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, nendlala.

I-Hypoglycemia ebucayi ingabangela ukungazi noma ukuquleka futhi idinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Hlala uphethe amaphilisi e-glucose asebenza ngokushesha noma ukudla okulula uma usebenzisa i-insulin.

Imiphumela emibi engavamile kodwa ebucayi edinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha ihlanganisa:

• Ukungezwani komzimba okukhulu nokuphefumula okunzima noma ukuvuvukala
• Ukuphendula kwesikhumba okuqhubekayo okungathuthuki
• Ukuzuza isisindo esisheshayo noma ukuvuvukala okungachazeki
• Ushintsho embonweni noma ikhanda elibuhlungu elibuhlungu
• Iziqephu eziphindaphindiwe zoshukela ophansi wegazi

Le miphumela ebucayi ayivamile kodwa idinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwakho nokusebenza kokwelashwa.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole I-Insulin (Indlela ye-Parenteral)?

Bambalwa kakhulu abantu abangakwazi ukuthatha i-insulin ye-parenteral, njengoba ivame ukuba imithi esindisa impilo yokuphatha isifo sikashukela. Kodwa-ke, izimo ezithile zidinga ukuqapha okukhethekile noma izindlela eziguquliwe.

Abantu abanokungezwani okukhulu okwaziwayo kwiifomula ezithile ze-insulin kufanele baziphephe ezo mveliso. Udokotela wakho angakwazi ukukunceda ukuchonga iintlobo ze-insulin ezisebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kuwe.

Izinto ezikhethekileyo zisebenza kumaqela amaninzi, nangona i-insulin ingachaswanga ngokupheleleyo:

• Abantu abanesifo esibi sezinso banokufuna ukulungiswa komlinganiselo
• Abo bane-hypoglycemia eqatha rhoqo bafuna ukuhlolwa ngononophelo
• Abantu abanezifo ezithile zempilo yengqondo ezichaphazela ukuthotyelwa kwamayeza
• Abantu abanokungaboni kakuhle okukhulu abangakwazi ukuzitofa ngokwabo
• Abo baneentsholongwane ezisebenzayo okanye ukugula okukhulu banokufuna ukulungiswa okwethutyana

Ezi meko azithinteli ukusetyenziswa kwe-insulin kodwa zifuna ukonganyelwa kwezonyango ezikhethekileyo kunye neendlela zonyango eziguqulweyo.

Ukukhulelwa ngokwenene kwenza unyango lwe-insulin lukhuseleke ngakumbi kunezinye iyeza zeswekile. Uninzi lwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo abaneswekile basebenzisa i-insulin kuba ayiweli i-placenta kakhulu.

Iqela lakho lokhathalelo lwempilo liya kuvavanya ngononophelo iimeko zakho ngazinye ukumisela indlela ye-insulin ekhuselekileyo nesebenzayo kakhulu kwiimfuno zakho ezithile.

Amagama eBrand ye-Insulin (Parenteral Route)

Iibrendi ezininzi ze-insulin ziyafumaneka, nganye inezinto ezithile kunye neefomula. Ukuqonda ezi ndlela zokukhetha kukukunceda ukuba uqaphele amayeza akho abhalweyo kwaye uxoxe ngezinye iindlela kunye nogqirha wakho.

Iibrendi ze-insulin ezisebenza ngokukhawuleza ziquka i-Humalog (lispro), i-NovoLog (aspart), kunye ne-Apidra (glulisine). Ezi zisebenza ngaphakathi kwemizuzu eyi-15 kwaye zithathwa ngokuqhelekileyo phambi kokutya.

Iinketho ze-insulin ezisebenza ixesha elide ziquka i-Lantus (glargine), i-Levemir (detemir), kunye ne-Tresiba (degludec). Ezi zinika ukugubungela i-insulin engaguqukiyo iiyure ezili-12 ukuya kuma-42.

Izinhlobo ze-insulin zabantu abavamile njenge-Humulin R ne-Novolin R zinikeza izinketho eziphakathi ezisebenza ngaphakathi kwemizuzu engama-30. Ama-insulin e-NPH afana ne-Humulin N anikeza ukumbozwa okude ngemiphumela ephezulu.

Ama-insulin ahlanganisiwe axuba amafomula asheshayo nawesikhathi eside emjovweni owodwa. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi imikhiqizo ye-Humalog Mix ne-NovoLog Mix.

Ezinye Izindlela Zokwelapha nge-Insulin (Indlela ye-Parenteral)

Ngenkathi i-insulin isabalulekile kuhlobo 1 lwesifo sikashukela, kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezinye zokuphatha uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela. Lezi zinketho zisebenza ngendlela ehlukile kodwa zingalawula ngempumelelo ushukela wegazi ezimweni ezifanele.

Imithi yomlomo efana ne-metformin, sulfonylureas, kanye ne-SGLT2 inhibitors isiza umzimba wakho ukuthi usebenzise i-insulin yawo ngempumelelo. Lezi zisebenza kahle kubantu abanendlala yegazi esakhiqiza i-insulin ethile.

Imithi engajovwa engeyona i-insulin ihlanganisa ama-GLP-1 receptor agonists afana ne-Ozempic, Trulicity, kanye ne-Victoza. Le mithi ikhuthaza ukukhululwa kwe-insulin lapho ushukela wegazi uphakeme ngenkathi yehlisa ukugaya ukudla.

Ukuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila kuhlala kuyizindlela eziyisisekelo ezisebenza kanye nanoma yimuphi umuthi. Ukuzivocavoca njalo, ukudla okunempilo, nokuphatha isisindo kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukulawulwa kukashukela wegazi.

Udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlanganisa lezi zindlela kunokuthi kuthathwe i-insulin ngokuphelele. Uhlelo olungcono kakhulu lokwelapha luya ngohlobo lwakho lwesifo sikashukela, ukuqhubeka, kanye nesimo sempilo yakho yonke.

Ingabe i-Insulin (Indlela ye-Parenteral) Ingcono Kune-Metformin?

I-Insulin ne-metformin zisebenza ngendlela ehlukile futhi akuyona imithi eqhathaniseka ngqo. Ukukhetha

I-insulin ithatha indawo ngqo noma yengeza ekukhiqizweni kwe-insulin yemvelo yomzimba wakho. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kumele basebenzise i-insulin ngoba amanyikwe abo akhiqizi okuncane noma akukho.

Ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, abantu abaningi baqala nge-metformin bese bengeza i-insulin kamuva uma kudingeka. Le nhlanganisela ivame ukusebenza kangcono kunanoma yimuphi umuthi wodwa, inikeza izinzuzo eziqondene.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ucabangela izinto eziningi lapho ekhetha phakathi noma ehlanganisa le mithi, okuhlanganisa amazinga akho kashukela egazini, ukusebenza kwezinso, isisindo, kanye nemigomo yokwelashwa.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Ne-Insulin (Indlela ye-Parenteral)

Ingabe i-Insulin (Indlela ye-Parenteral) iphephile ezigulini ezinokugula kwezinso?

Yebo, i-insulin ngokuvamile iphephile kubantu abanezifo zezinso futhi ivame ukuba ukwelashwa okukhethwayo sikashukela njengoba ukusebenza kwezinso kwehla. Ngokungafani neminye imithi yomlomo yesifo sikashukela, i-insulin ayidingi ukucutshungulwa ezinso ukuze iqedwe.

Noma kunjalo, ukugula kwezinso kungathinta indlela umzimba wakho olinganisa ngayo i-insulin, okungenzeka kudingeke ukuthi kulungiswe umthamo. Udokotela wakho uzoqapha ukusebenza kwezinso zakho futhi aguqule ukwelashwa kwakho kwe-insulin ngokufanele.

Abantu abanezifo zezinso ezithuthukile bangase badinge imithamo ephansi ye-insulin ngoba izinso zabo zikhipha i-insulin kancane. Ukuqapha njalo kusiza ekuvikeleni izigameko zikashukela ophansi.

Ngingenzani uma ngisebenzisa i-insulin eningi ngengozi?

Uma uzifake i-insulin eningi, qapha ushukela wakho wegazi ngokucophelela futhi ulungele ukwelapha i-hypoglycemia. Ungashayi uvalo – lesi simo silawuleka ngempendulo efanele.

Hlola ushukela wakho wegazi ngokushesha futhi njalo ngemizuzu engama-15-30 emahoreni ambalwa alandelayo. Uma ushukela wakho wegazi wehla ngaphansi kuka-70 mg/dL, welaphe ngamagremu ayi-15 e-glucose esebenza ngokushesha.

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo noma izinsiza eziphuthumayo uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinzima ze-hypoglycemia njengokudideka, ukungakwazi ukugwinya, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi. Ukuba nekhithi eliphuthumayo le-glucagon etholakalayo kunconywa.

Kumele Ngenzeni Uma Ngiphuthelwa Umthamo We-Insulin?

Ukuphuthelwa umthamo we-insulin kudinga izimpendulo ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lwe-insulin oluphuthelwe. Ungaphindi umthamo wakho olandelayo – lokhu kungadala ukuguquguquka okuyingozi kushukela wegazi.

Ngokwe-insulin esheshayo, hlola ushukela wakho wegazi bese uthatha umthamo uma usuzodla. Uma sekudlule amahora angaphezu kwama-2 kusukela ekudleni kwakho, weqa umthamo bese uqhubeka nohlelo lwakho olujwayelekile.

Ngokwe-insulin esebenza isikhathi eside, yithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula uma kungaphakathi kwamahora ama-2-3 esikhathini sakho esijwayelekile. Uma sekudlule isikhathi esiningi, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze uthole isiqondiso.

Ngingayeka Nini Ukuthatha I-Insulin?

Abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 abakwazi ukuyeka ukuthatha i-insulin, njengoba ibalulekile empilweni. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 bangase ekugcineni banciphise noma bayeke i-insulin ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwezokwelapha.

Ushintsho olukhulu lwendlela yokuphila, ukuncipha kwesisindo, noma ukuthuthukiswa komsebenzi we-pancreatic kungase kuvumele abanye abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ukuthi baphathe isimo sabo ngezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Ungalokothi uyeke ukwelashwa nge-insulin ngaphandle kokubonisana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo kuqala. Bazohlola ukulawulwa kwakho ushukela wegazi, impilo yonke, kanye nokuqhubeka kwesifo sikashukela ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko.

Ngingahamba Ne-Insulin Injections?

Yebo, ungahamba ngokuphepha nge-insulin injections ngokuhlela kusengaphambili nangokulandela imihlahlandlela yokugcina efanele. Hlala uthwala i-insulin emthwalweni wakho wokuqala ukuze uvimbele amazinga okushisa adlulele.

Letha incwadi evela kudokotela wakho echaza isidingo sakho sezokwelapha se-insulin nezinto zokuhlinzeka. Pakisha i-insulin eyengeziwe nezinto zokuhlinzeka uma kwenzeka ukubambezeleka kohambo noma ukulahleka kwemithwalo.

Cabangela izinguquko zesikhathi lapho uhamba amabanga amade, futhi usebenze nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze ulungise uhlelo lwakho lokujova njengoba kudingeka ezindaweni zesikhathi ezahlukene.