Yini i-Isoniazid: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Isoniazid ngumuthi wokulwa namagciwane owenzelwe ngqo ukwelapha i-tuberculosis (TB), isifo esibangelwa amagciwane esingathi sína esithinta ikakhulukazi amaphaphu. Lo muthi usebenza ngokumisa ukukhula kwamagciwane e-TB emzimbeni wakho, usiza amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi alwe nokutheleleka ngempumelelo.

Ungase unikezwe i-isoniazid uma unesifo se-TB esisebenzayo noma uma uke wavezwa yi-TB futhi udinga ukwelashwa okuvikelayo. Ngomunye wemithi ebaluleke kakhulu yomugqa wokuqala odokotela abawusebenzisayo ukulwa nalesi simo esingase sibeke ukuphila engozini, futhi sekusiza abantu ukuthi balulame ku-TB amashumi eminyaka.

Yini i-Isoniazid?

I-Isoniazid ngumuthi onamandla wokulwa namagciwane ongaphansi kweqembu lemithi ebizwa ngokuthi imithi elwa ne-tuberculosis. Iqondiswe ngqo emagciwaneni abangela i-tuberculosis, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Lo muthi uza ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko: amaphilisi noma amaphilisi owathatha ngomlomo, kanye nesixazululo esijovwayo esingakunikezwa abahlinzeki bezempilo ngokujova imisipha. Ifomu lomlomo livamile kakhulu futhi yilokho abantu abaningi abakusebenzisayo ekwelashweni kwabo i-TB.

I-Isoniazid ikhona kusukela ngeminyaka yama-1950 futhi isahlala ngomunye wezikhali eziphumelela kakhulu esinazo ngokumelene ne-TB. Ithathwa njengomuthi obalulekile yi-World Health Organization ngenxa yomlando wayo oqinisekisiwe ekwelapheni lokhu kutheleleka okungathi sína.

Isetshenziselwani i-Isoniazid?

I-Isoniazid iphatha kokubili isifo se-tuberculosis esisebenzayo futhi isiza ukuvimbela i-TB kubantu abaye bavezwa amagciwane. Udokotela wakho uzoqoka ukuthi hlobo luni lokwelashwa oludingayo ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile.

Ngesifo se-TB esisebenzayo, i-isoniazid ivame ukusetshenziswa kanye neminye imithi ye-TB kulokho odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi ukwelashwa okuhlanganisiwe. Le ndlela isiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amagciwane awabi ngamelana nokwelashwa futhi ikunikeza ithuba elingcono lokululama ngokuphelele.

Umuthi usetshenziselwa nokutheleleka kwe-TB okufihliwe, okusho ukuthi unamagciwane e-TB emzimbeni wakho kodwa awuguli okwamanje. Kulokhu, i-isoniazid isiza ekuvikeleni amagciwane ukuthi angabi namandla futhi akwenze ugule. Lokhu kwelashwa okuvikelayo kubaluleke kakhulu uma unengozi enkulu yokuthuthukisa i-TB esebenzayo ngenxa yezimo ezinjenge-HIV noma isifo sikashukela.

Isebenza Kanjani Isoniazid?

I-Isoniazid isebenza ngokuphazamisa ikhono lamagciwane e-TB lokwakha nokugcina izindonga zawo zamaseli. Ngaphandle kwezindonga zamaseli ezifanele, amagciwane awanakusinda futhi azale emzimbeni wakho.

Cabanga ngayo njengokukhipha isisekelo endlini - ngaphandle kwalesi sakhiwo esibalulekile, amagciwane awanakuba khona. Le ndlela eqondiswe ngqo yenza i-isoniazid isebenze kahle kakhulu kumagciwane e-TB ngenkathi ngokuvamile inobungane ezingxenyeni zomzimba wakho ezinempilo.

Umuthi uthathwa njengomuthi olukhuni olulinganiselwe, okusho ukuthi unamandla ngokwanele ukulwa ne-TB ngempumelelo kodwa ngokuvamile ubangela imiphumela emibi embalwa kunamanye ama-antibiotics. Nokho, idinga ukuqashwa ngokucophelela ngumhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iyasebenza kahle futhi ayibangeli zinkinga.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani Isoniazid?

Thatha i-isoniazid ngendlela eqondile udokotela wakho ayiyalela ngayo, ngokuvamile kanye ngosuku esiswini esingenalutho. Lokhu kusho ukuyithatha ngaphambi kokudla ngehora elilodwa noma ngemva kokudla ngamahora amabili, njengoba ukudla kungaphazamisa ukuthi umzimba wakho uyimunca kahle kangakanani imithi.

Uma uhlangabezana nokuphazamiseka kwesisu, udokotela wakho angase akuvumele ukuthi uyithathe nokudla, kodwa lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwabo. Ngaso sonke isikhathi gwinya amaphilisi noma amaphilisi wonke ngenkomishi yamanzi egcwele - ungawachobozi, uwaphule, noma uwahlafune ngaphandle uma uyalelwe ngokuqondile.

Ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu, zama ukuthatha imithi yakho ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke. Lokhu kusiza ukugcina amazinga aqhubekayo omuthi emzimbeni wakho futhi kwenza kube lula ukukhumbula umthamo wakho wansuku zonke. Uma uthola imijovo, uchwepheshe wezempilo uzoyiphatha ngokuvumelana nohlelo lwakho lokwelashwa.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani Isoniazid?

Ubude bokwelashwa kwakho nge-isoniazid buxhomeke ekutheni uqeda ukwelashwa kwe-TB esebenzayo noma uyivimbela ukuthi ingakhuli. Nge-TB esebenzayo, ngokuvamile uzothatha i-isoniazid izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisishiyagalolunye njengengxenye yohlelo lokwelashwa oluhlanganisiwe.

Uma uthatha i-isoniazid ukuvimbela i-TB (ukwelashwa kwe-TB efihliwe), ngokuvamile uzoyidinga izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye. Abanye abantu bangase badinge inkambo emfushane yezinyanga eziyisithupha, kuye ngezici zabo eziyingozi kanye nomlando wezokwelapha.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uqede yonke inkambo yokwelashwa, noma ngabe uqala ukuzizwa ungcono ngaphambi kokuthi iqede. Ukuyeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungaholela ekutheni amagciwane amelane nomuthi, okwenza ukwelashwa okuzayo kube nzima kakhulu futhi kube yingozi.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni ye-Isoniazid?

Njengayo yonke imithi, i-isoniazid ingabangela imiphumela emibi, nakuba kungewona wonke umuntu oyitholayo. Imiphumela eminingi emibi imnene futhi ingalawuleka, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyibheke.

Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ongase uyithole ihlanganisa:

• Isicanucanu noma isisu esibuhlungu
• Ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
• Ukukhathala noma ukuzizwa ukhathele
• Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba okuncane
• Isiyezi
• Ikhanda

Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi. Nokho, kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma ziba yinkinga noma zinganyamalali ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa.

Abanye abantu bangase babe nemiphumela emibi kakhulu edinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha:

• Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba sakho noma amehlo (i-jaundice)
• Umchamo omnyama noma izitulo eziphaphathekayo
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu
• Ukuphalaza okuqhubekayo
• Ukuqaqamba noma ukuluma ezandleni noma ezinyaweni
• Ushintsho embonweni
• Ukuphendula kwesikhumba okukhulu

Le miphumela emibi kakhulu ayivamile kodwa ingabonisa izinkinga zesibindi noma ukulimala kwemizwa. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi lezi zimpawu, yeka ukuthatha umuthi bese uthintana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha.

Isimo esingavamile kodwa esibi okufanele usiqaphele yi-drug-induced hepatitis, ethinta isibindi. Lokhu kwenzeka cishe ku-1-2% yabantu abathatha i-isoniazid futhi kungenzeka kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-35, labo abaphuza utshwala njalo, noma abantu abanezimo zesibindi ezikhona.

Ubani Ongafanele Athathwe Isoniazid?

I-Isoniazid ayifanele wonke umuntu, futhi udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuyinika. Akufanele uthathe lo muthi uma wazi ukuthi unokungezwani komzimba ne-isoniazid noma uke waba nezinkinga ezinkulu zesibindi esikhathini esidlule.

Abantu abanesifo sesibindi esisebenzayo noma ama-enzyme esibindi aphakeme kakhulu ngokuvamile kufanele bagweme i-isoniazid, njengoba ingenza izinkinga zesibindi zibe zimbi kakhulu. Udokotela wakho cishe uzo-oda ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze ahlolisise ukusebenza kwesibindi sakho ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa.

Ukuqapha okukhethekile kuyadingeka uma unezimo ezithile ezikhuphula ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi:

• Isifo sezinso
• Isifo sikashukela
• Umlando wokuhlaselwa
• I-Peripheral neuropathy (ukulimala kwemizwa)
• Ukusetshenziswa njalo kotshwala
• Ukungondleki
• Ukutheleleka nge-HIV

Uma unezimo ezithile, udokotela wakho angase akwazi ukukunika i-isoniazid kodwa uzokuqapha eduze futhi mhlawumbe alungise uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha. Bangase futhi bancomise izithasiselo zikavithamini B6 ukusiza ukuvimbela imiphumela emibi ehlobene nemizwa.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisayo ngokuvamile bangathatha i-isoniazid ngokuphepha, njengoba ithathwa njengomunye wemithi ye-TB ephephe kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho uzohlola ngokucophelela izinzuzo nezingozi zesimo sakho esithile.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Isoniazid

I-Isoniazid iyatholakala ngaphansi kwamagama amaningana omkhiqizo, nakuba ivame ukunqunywa njengomuthi ojwayelekile. E-United States, ungase uyibone ithengiswa njenge-Nydrazid, okungomunye wamagama omkhiqizo amakhulu.

Inguqulo ejwayelekile isebenza kahle njengezinguqulo zegama lomkhiqizo futhi ivame ukushibhile. Ikhemisi lakho lingase lithathele indawo ngokuzenzakalelayo inguqulo ejwayelekile ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ecela ngokuqondile igama lomkhiqizo.

Eminye imithi ehlanganisiwe iqukethe i-isoniazid kanye neminye imithi ye-TB. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-Rifamate (i-isoniazid kanye ne-rifampin) kanye ne-Rifater (i-isoniazid, i-rifampin, kanye ne-pyrazinamide), okungenza ukwelashwa kube lula ngokunciphisa inani lamaphilisi okudingeka uwathathe.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Isoniazid

Ngenkathi i-isoniazid iyindlela yokwelapha yokuqala ye-TB, kukhona eminye imithi etholakalayo uma ungakwazi ukuyithatha noma uma amagciwane esimweni sakho emelana nayo. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha enye indlela engcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile.

Eminye imithi yokuqala ye-TB ihlanganisa i-rifampin, i-ethambutol, kanye ne-pyrazinamide. Lezi zivame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlangana ne-isoniazid, kodwa zingasetshenziswa futhi njengezinye izindlela uma i-isoniazid ingakulungele.

Kubantu abane-TB emelana nemithi noma labo abangakwazi ukubekezelela imithi yokuqala, izinketho zesibili ziyatholakala. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imithi efana ne-fluoroquinolones (njenge-levofloxacin), imithi ejovwayo efana ne-amikacin, kanye nemithi emisha efana ne-bedaquiline ne-delamanid.

Ukukhetha okunye kuncike ezintweni ezifana nohlobo lwebhaktheriya ye-TB onayo, impilo yakho yonke, nanoma imiphi eminye imithi oyithathayo. Udokotela wakho uzosebenza nochwepheshe be-TB ukunquma uhlelo olungcono kakhulu lokwelashwa lwecala lakho elithile.

Ingabe i-Isoniazid ingcono kune-Rifampin?

I-Isoniazid ne-rifampin yomibili imithi emihle yomugqa wokuqala we-TB, kodwa isebenza ngendlela ehlukile futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ndawonye kunokuthi iqhathaniswe njengezinye izindlela. Ngamunye unamandla awo futhi ukhethwa ngokuya ngesimo sakho sezokwelapha esithile.

I-Isoniazid isebenza kahle ikakhulukazi ekuvikeleni i-TB kubantu abanokutheleleka okufihliwe futhi ivame ukuba yindlela ekhethwayo ngale njongo. Inomlando omude wokuphepha nokusebenza kahle, ikakhulukazi ekwelashweni okuvikelayo okuhlala izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye.

I-Rifampin, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inamandla kakhulu ngokumelene nebhaktheriya ye-TB futhi ibalulekile ekwelapheni isifo se-TB esisebenzayo. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ngezifundo zokwelashwa ezimfushane zokuvikela (ngokuvamile izinyanga ezine) futhi ingase ithuthuke kangcono ngabanye abantu.

Ezimweni eziningi ze-TB esebenzayo, uzothola yomibili imithi ndawonye kanye neminye imithi ye-TB. Le ndlela yokuhlanganisa isebenza kahle kakhulu kunokusebenzisa noma iyiphi imithi yodwa futhi isiza ekuvikeleni amagciwane ukuthi angabi ngamelana nokwelashwa.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Nge-Isoniazid

Ingabe i-Isoniazid iphephile ku-Diabetes?

Yebo, i-isoniazid ngokuvamile ingasetshenziswa ngokuphepha kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, nakuba idinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela. Isifo sikashukela singakhuphula ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa i-peripheral neuropathy (ukulimala kwemizwa) evela ku-isoniazid, ngakho udokotela wakho uzokubuka eduze ukuze abone izimpawu zalolu hlobo lokuhlushwa.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase ancome izithasiselo zikavithamini B6 ukusiza ekuvikeleni izinkinga zemizwa. Bazophinda baqaphe amazinga akho kashukela egazini kaningi, njengoba ukwelashwa kwe-TB ngezinye izikhathi kungase kuthinte ukulawulwa kwesifo sikashukela.

Ngingenzani uma ngiphuthelwa ngengozi ngisebenzisa i-Isoniazid eningi kakhulu?

Uma ngengozi uthatha i-isoniazid eningi kunaleyo odokotela abakuyale ngayo, xhumana nodokotela wakho noma isikhungo sokulawula ubuthi ngokushesha. Ukweqisa kungabangela izimpawu ezinzima ezihlanganisa isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isiyezi, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ngisho nokuthuthumela.

Ungalindi ukubona ukuthi ngabe izimpawu ziyavela yini - funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Letha ibhodlela lomuthi nawe ukuze abahlinzeki bezempilo bazi kahle ukuthi uthathe malini nokuthi nini.

Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo we-Isoniazid?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo, wuthatha ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, ngaphandle uma sekuseduze isikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo. Kulokho, weqa umthamo ophuthelwe bese uqhubeka neshejuli yakho ejwayelekile - ungasithathi imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ulungise lowo ophuthelwe.

Zama ukuthatha umthamo wakho ophuthelwe kungakapheli amahora angu-12 kusukela ngesikhathi ovame ukuwuthatha ngaso. Uma sekudlule isikhathi eside kunalokho, linda nje umthamo wakho olandelayo bese uqhubeka njengenjwayelo.

Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-Isoniazid?

Ungayeki ukuthatha i-isoniazid ngokwakho, noma ngabe uzizwa ungcono ngokuphelele. Kufanele uqede lonke uhlelo lokwelashwa njengoba oluchazwe ngudokotela wakho, okuyizinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisishiyagalolunye ze-TB esebenzayo noma izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye ze-TB efihliwe.

Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi kuphephile nini ukuyeka ngokuya ngempendulo yakho yokwelashwa, izivivinyo zokulandela, kanye nohlobo oluthile lwe-TB onalo. Ukuyeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungaholela ekwehlulekeni kokwelashwa kanye nokumelana nemithi.

Ngingakwazi yini ukuphuza utshwala ngenkathi ngithatha i-Isoniazid?

Kungcono ukugwema utshwala ngenkathi uthatha i-isoniazid, ngoba kokubili kungathinta isibindi sakho. Ukuphuza utshwala kwandisa ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa izinkinga zesibindi ezivela emuthini, okungaba nzima.

Uma ukhetha ukuphuza ngezikhathi ezithile, xoxa ngalokhu nodokotela wakho kuqala. Bangase batusa izivivinyo zomsebenzi wesibindi ezivamile noma baphakamise ukugwema utshwala ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho.