Yini i-Losartan: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni Nokunye

I-Losartan ngumuthi wokwehlisa umfutho wegazi ongaphansi kweqembu elibizwa ngokuthi ama-ARBs (angiotensin receptor blockers). Isebenza ngokukhulula imithambo yakho yegazi, okusiza ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi lakho futhi kunciphise ukucindezeleka enhliziyweni yakho. Lo muthi uvame ukunqunywa ukusiza ukuphatha umfutho wegazi ophezulu nokuvikela izinso zakho, ikakhulukazi uma unesifo sikashukela.

Yini i-Losartan?

I-Losartan ngumuthi omlomo ovimba ngqo izithako ezithile emzimbeni wakho ezenza imithambo yegazi iqine. Cabanga ngayo njengokususa "ukucindezela" emithanjeni yakho yegazi, okuvumela igazi ukuthi ligeleze kalula ohlelweni lwakho lokujikeleza kwegazi.

Lo muthi waqala ukugunyazwa yi-FDA ngo-1995 futhi selokhu waba ngomunye wemithi ethenjwayo yokwelapha umfutho wegazi ophezulu. Kuthathwa njengomuthi wokwehlisa umfutho wegazi onamandla aphakathi nendawo osebenza kancane kancane futhi ngokuqinile kunokubangela izinguquko ezinkulu ezingazelelwe.

Ngokungafani neminye imithi yokwehlisa umfutho wegazi, i-losartan ngokuvamile ayibangeli ukukhwehlela okomile okwenzeka ngezinye izikhathi ama-ACE inhibitors. Lokhu kuyenza ibe enye indlela enhle kubantu ababa naleyo miphumela ethile eceleni ngeminye imithi yokwelapha umfutfo wegazi.

Isetshenziselwani i-Losartan?

I-Losartan ikakhulukazi inqunyelwe ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophezulu (i-hypertension) kubantu abadala kanye nezingane ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-6 ubudala. Iphinde isetshenziselwe ukuvikela izinso zakho uma unesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ngisho nalapho umfutho wegazi wakho ujwayelekile.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi anqume i-losartan ukunciphisa ingozi yakho yesifo sohlangothi uma unomfutho wegazi ophezulu nenhliziyo ekhulisiwe. Lo mphumela wokuvikela wenzeka ngoba umuthi usiza inhliziyo yakho ukuthi isebenze kahle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kwezinye izimo, odokotela banikeza i-losartan ngaphandle kwemvume yokwelapha ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo noma ukusiza ukuvikela ukusebenza kwezinso kubantu abanezifo ezingapheli zezinso. Lezi zinto azivunyelwe ngokusemthethweni kodwa zisekelwa ucwaningo lwezokwelapha kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho emitholampilo.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Losartan?

I-Losartan isebenza ngokuvimba i-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-angiotensin II, evame ukubangela ukuthi imithambo yakho yegazi inciphe futhi umzimba wakho ugcine usawoti namanzi. Ngokuvimba le hormone, i-losartan ivumela imithambo yakho yegazi ukuthi iphumule futhi yande.

Lo muthi uthathwa njengomuthi onamandla ngokulinganisela kunokuba ukwelashwa okumnene noma okunolaka. Ngokuvamile kuthatha amasonto ama-3-6 ukubona imiphumela ephelele yokwehlisa umfutho wegazi, nakuba abanye abantu beqaphela ukuthuthuka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Umuthi usebenza ubusuku nemini, ngomthamo ngamunye ohlala cishe amahora angama-24. Lesi senzo esiqhubekayo sisiza ukugcina ukulawulwa komfutho wegazi okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokubangela ukwehla okungazelelwe okungase kukwenze uzizwe unesiyezi noma ubuthakathaka.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Losartan?

Thatha i-losartan ngendlela eqondile njengoba udokotela wakho ekunqumele ngayo, ngokuvamile kanye ngosuku ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke. Ungayithatha ngaphandle noma ngaphandle kokudla, futhi kulungile ukuyithatha ngamanzi, ubisi, noma ijusi.

Abantu abaningi bakuthola kulula ukuthatha i-losartan ekuseni, kodwa isikhathi asibalulekile uma nje uqhubeka. Uma uyithatha kabili ngosuku, hlukanisa imithamo ngamahora angaba ngu-12.

Akudingeki udle lutho olukhethekile ngaphambi kokuthatha i-losartan, kodwa ukuhlala unamanzi kubalulekile. Gwema ukuvuka ngokushesha kakhulu ekuhlaliseni noma ekulaleni phansi, ikakhulukazi emasontweni akho okuqala okwelashwa, ngoba lokhu kungasiza ukuvimbela isiyezi.

Uma futhi uthatha eminye imithi, i-losartan ngokuvamile ingathathwa ngesikhathi esifanayo. Kodwa-ke, uma uthatha izithasiselo ze-potassium noma izithasiselo zikasawoti, khuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala, njengoba i-losartan ingakhuphula amazinga e-potassium egazini lakho.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Losartan?

I-Losartan ngokuvamile imithi yesikhathi eside okudingeka uyithathe izinyanga noma iminyaka, mhlawumbe impilo yakho yonke. Umfutho wegazi ophezulu yisimo esingamahlalakhona esidinga ukuqhubeka nokulawulwa kunokulungiswa okusheshayo.

Abantu abaningi baqala ukubona ukuthuthuka komfutho wegazi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya emavikini, kodwa izinzuzo ezigcwele zokuvikela inhliziyo yakho nezinso zakho zithuthuka ezinyangeni naseminyakeni yokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo. Udokotela wakho uzoqapha ukusabela kwakho futhi angase alungise umthamo wakho ezinyangeni zokuqala.

Ungayeki ukuthatha i-losartan ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala. Ukuyeka ngokuphazima kweso kungabangela umfutho wegazi wakho ukuthi ukhuphuke, okungaba yingozi. Uma udinga ukuyeka imithi, udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukuthi uyeke kancane kancane.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni ye-Losartan?

Abantu abaningi bayayibekezelela i-losartan kahle, kodwa njengayo yonke imithi, ingabangela imiphumela emibi. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi imiphumela emibi engathi sína ayivamile, futhi abantu abaningi ababi nayo imiphumela emibi nhlobo.

Nawa amanye imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ongase uyithole, ikakhulukazi emasontweni akho okuqala okwelashwa:

• Isiyezi noma ukuzwa ukukhathala, ikakhulukazi uma usukuma
• Ukukhathala noma ukuzizwa ukhathele kunokujwayelekile
• Ubuhlungu emhlane noma ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Ikhala eligcwele noma izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane
• Ukuqunjelwa noma isisu esibuhlungu

Le miphumela emibi emincane ivame ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela imithi. Uma ziqhubeka noma zikuphazamisa, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezixazululo ezingenzeka.

Imiphumela emibi engavamile kodwa engathi sína idinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha, nakuba ithinta abantu abangaphansi kuka-1 kwabangu-100:

• Ukuvuvukala ebusweni bakho, ezindebeni, olimini, noma emqaleni
• Isiyezi esikhulu noma ukuquleka
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu
• Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba sakho noma amehlo

Imiphumela Eyingozi

Imiphumela emibi kodwa engavamile ihlanganisa izinkinga zezinso, amazinga aphezulu e-potassium, kanye nokusabela okukhulu komzimba. Udokotela wakho uzokuhlola ngezivivinyo zegazi ezivamile ukuze abambe noma yiziphi zalezi zinkinga ngokushesha.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole I-Losartan?

I-Losartan ayiphephile kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuyinika. Akufanele uthathe i-losartan uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa, ngoba kungalimaza ingane yakho esakhula.

Abantu abanezinkinga ezithile zezinso noma labo abomile kufanele basebenzise i-losartan ngokucophelela. Udokotela wakho angase adinge ukuqala ngomthamo ophansi noma akuqaphele eduze uma unesifo sezinso.

Uma unomlando wokungezwani komzimba okukhulu emithini ye-ARB, i-losartan ingase ingakulungele. Ngokufanayo, uma unomfutho wegazi ophansi kakhulu noma izimo ezithile zenhliziyo, udokotela wakho angase akhethe omunye umuthi.

Abantu abathatha imithi ethile, okuhlanganisa ezinye izithasiselo ze-potassium, ama-diuretics, noma i-lithium, bangase badinge ukulungiswa komthamo noma ukuqapha okwengeziwe. Hlala utshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi nezithasiselo ozithathayo.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Losartan

I-Losartan iyatholakala njengomuthi ojwayelekile, ngokuvamile okuyindlela engabizi kakhulu. Igama lomkhiqizo wokuqala yi-Cozaar, ekhiqizwa yi-Merck.

Ungase futhi ubone imithi ehlanganisiwe equkethe i-losartan kanye ne-diuretic (ipilisi lamanzi). Lezi zinhlanganisela zihlanganisa i-Hyzaar (i-losartan kanye ne-hydrochlorothiazide), engaba lula uma udinga yomibili imithi.

I-Losartan ejwayelekile isebenza ngendlela efanayo nenguqulo yegama lomkhiqizo kodwa ngokuvamile ibiza kancane. Ikhemisi lakho lingakutshela ukuthi iyiphi inguqulo abanayo futhi likusize uthole inketho engabizi kakhulu.

Ezinye Izindlela ze-Losartan

Uma i-losartan ingasebenzi kahle kuwe noma idala imiphumela engathandeki, kunezindlela eziningi ongazikhetha. Eminye imithi ye-ARB ihlanganisa i-valsartan (Diovan), i-telmisartan (Micardis), kanye ne-olmesartan (Benicar).

Ama-ACE inhibitors afana ne-lisinopril noma i-enalapril asebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-losartan kodwa ngendlela ehlukile kancane. Kodwa-ke, le mithi maningi amathuba okuthi idale ukukhwehlela okomile njengomphumela.

Ezinye izinhlobo zemithi yokwehlisa umfutho wegazi zihlanganisa ama-calcium channel blockers (njenge-amlodipine), ama-beta-blockers (njenge-metoprolol), kanye nama-diuretics (njenge-hydrochlorothiazide). Udokotela wakho uzokhetha elona elingcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zakho zempilo kanye nokuphendula ekwelashweni.

Ingabe i-Losartan Ingcono Kune-Lisinopril?

Kokubili i-losartan ne-lisinopril ziyindlela yokwelapha yokuqala enhle yomfutho wegazi ophezulu, futhi akukho noyedwa othi “ungcono” kunomunye. Zisebenza ngezindlela ezifanayo kodwa zomehluko obalulekile.

I-Losartan ivame ukudala imiphumela emincane, ikakhulukazi ukukhwehlela okomile okuthinta cishe u-10-15% wabantu abathatha i-lisinopril. Uma uzamile i-ACE inhibitor efana ne-lisinopril futhi waba nokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, i-losartan ivame ukuba enye indlela enhle.

I-Lisinopril ingase isebenze kangcono ekwehliseni umfutho wegazi kwabanye abantu, kuyilapho i-losartan ingase ibe ngcono ekuvikeleni izinso kubantu abanesifo sikashukela. Yomibili le mithi inobufakazi obuqinile bokunciphisa ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi.

Ukukhetha okungcono kuncike ekuphenduleni kwakho ngakunye, uhlu lwemiphumela, nezinye izimo zempilo. Udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi iyiphi imithi esebenza kangcono esimweni sakho esithile.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Losartan

Ingabe i-Losartan Iphephile Kubantu Abanesifo Sikashukela?

Yebo, i-losartan ayiphephile nje kuphela kubantu abanesifo sikashukela kodwa ivame ukunconywa ngokuqondile. Inikeza ukuvikelwa okuhle kwezinso kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ngisho nalapho umfutho wegazi ujwayelekile.

I-Losartan ayithinti amazinga kashukela egazini futhi ingase inikeze ukuvikelwa okuthile ezingxenyeni zesifo sikashukela. Odokotela abaningi bayibheka njengomuthi wokuqala wokwelapha umfutho wegazi ophezulu kubantu abanesifo sikashukela ngenxa yalezi zinzuzo zokuvikela izinso.

Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngithatha I-Losartan Eningi Ngengozi?

Uma ngengozi uthatha i-losartan eningi, okukhathaza kakhulu ukuthi umfutho wakho wegazi ungase wehle kakhulu, okubangela isiyezi noma ukuquleka. Hlala phansi noma ulale phansi ngokushesha bese ushayela udokotela wakho noma isikhungo sokulawula ubuthi ukuze uthole isiqondiso.

Ukweqisa i-losartan okuningi akuyingozi, kodwa kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha. Phuza amanzi amaningi, gwema ukuvuka ngokushesha, futhi ungashayeli imoto uze wazi ukuthi uzizwa kanjani. Uma uzizwa unesiyezi kakhulu, ubuthakathaka, noma udidekile, funa ukunakekelwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo.

Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngiphuthelwa Umthamo We-Losartan?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo we-losartan, yithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, ngaphandle uma sekuyisikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo. Kulokho, weqa umthamo ophuthelwe bese uqhubeka neshejuli yakho ejwayelekile.

Ungathathi imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ulungise umthamo ophuthelwe, njengoba lokhu kungabangela ukuthi umfutho wakho wegazi wehle kakhulu. Uma uvame ukukhohlwa imithamo, cabangela ukusetha isikhumbuzi sefoni noma usebenzise umhleli wamaphilisi ukukusiza ukuthi uhlale emgwaqeni.

Ngingayeka Nini Ukuthatha I-Losartan?

Kufanele uyeke kuphela ukuthatha i-losartan ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela wakho. Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ngokuvamile uyisimo sempilo yonke esidinga ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo, ngisho nalapho uzizwa ulungile ngokuphelele.

Udokotela wakho angase acabange ukuyeka i-losartan uma umfutho wakho wegazi uhlala ulawulwa kahle ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila kuphela, noma uma uba nemiphumela emibi edlula izinzuzo. Kodwa-ke, lesi sinqumo kufanele senziwe ngaso sonke isikhathi kanye nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo, ongakwazi ukuqapha umfutho wakho wegazi ngokuphepha ngesikhathi sokuguquka.

Ngingakwazi Ukuphuza Utywala Ngenkathi Ngithatha I-Losartan?

Ngokuvamile ungaphuza utshwala ngokulinganisela ngenkathi usebenzisa i-losartan, kodwa qaphela ukuthi utshwala bungathuthukisa imiphumela yokwehlisa umfutho wegazi yomuthi. Lokhu kungase kukwenze uzizwe unesiyezi noma unomuzwa wokukhathala kunokujwayelekile.

Khawulela utshwala ezingxenyeni eziphakathi nendawo (akukho ngaphezu kwesiphuzo esisodwa ngosuku kwabesifazane, ezimbili kwabesilisa), futhi qaphela kakhulu lapho usukuma uhleli noma ulele. Uma uqaphela ukwanda kwesiyezi lapho uphuza, cabangela ukunciphisa ukuthatha kwakho utshwala noma ukuhlukanisa kude nomthamo wakho womuthi.