Yini umgomo we-MMR? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Nokwelashwa Kwasekhaya

Umjovo we-MMR ngumgomo ohlanganisiwe ovikela ezifweni ezintathu ezibangelwa amagciwane: isifo somkhuhlane, amamumps, kanye nerubella. Lo mgomo ophilayo uqukethe izinguqulo ezibuthakathaka zala magciwane asiza amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi afunde ukulwa nezifo zangempela ngaphandle kokukugulisa.

Ukugonywa kungenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuzivikela wena nomphakathi wakho kulawa magciwane angase abe yingozi. Umgomo usetshenziswe ngokuphepha amashumi eminyaka futhi wehlise kakhulu amacala alezi zifo emhlabeni wonke.

Yini umgomo we-MMR?

Umjovo we-MMR ngumjovo wokuvikela kathathu ovikela esifweni somkhuhlane, amamumps, kanye nerubella ngomjovo owodwa. Uqukethe amagciwane aphilayo kodwa abuthakathaka angakwazi ukubangela lezi zifo zangempela kodwa afundisa amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi awabone futhi awalwe.

Lo mgomo ngokuvamile unikezwa njengemithamo emibili ngesikhathi sobuntwana, ngomthamo wokuqala cishe izinyanga eziyi-12-15 nowesibili phakathi kweminyaka engu-4-6. Abantu abadala abangagonywanga noma abangaqinisekile ngesimo sabo sokugoma bangase badinge nomgomo we-MMR.

Kuzizwa kanjani ukuthola umgomo we-MMR?

Abantu abaningi bazizwa bengakhululekile kancane ngesikhathi nangemva kokuthola umgomo we-MMR. Uzozwa ukuchofoza okusheshayo noma ukushaya lapho inaliti ingena, okufana neminye imijovo ejwayelekile.

Ngemva kokugonywa, ingalo yakho ingase izwe buhlungu noma ithambe endaweni yokujova usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. Abanye abantu baqaphela ububomvu obuncane noma ukuvuvukala lapho bethole umjovo, okuvamile ngokuphelele futhi kubonisa ukuthi amasosha akho omzimba ayaphendula.

Inani elincane labantu lingase lithuthukise umkhuhlane omncane noma bazizwe bengaphilile kancane phakathi nesonto elilodwa noma amabili ngemva kokugonywa. Lokhu empeleni kuyisibonakaliso esihle sokuthi umzimba wakho wakha ukuzivikela kulezi zifo.

Yini ebangela imiphumela emibi evela emgomweni we-MMR?

Imiphumela emibi evela emgomeni we-MMR yenzeka ngoba amasosha akho omzimba afunda ukuqaphela nokulwa ngamagciwane abuthakathaka okutholakala emjovweni. Lokhu kusabela komzimba yikona kanye esikufunayo - yindlela ozivikela ngayo ezifweni zangempela.

Umzimba wakho uphatha izingxenye zomgomo njengezinto zangaphandle futhi udale ukusabela okuncane kokuvuvukala. Le nqubo ingabangela izimpawu zesikhashana njengobuhlungu, umkhuhlane ophansi, noma ukuzizwa ukhathele.

Nazi izizathu eziyinhloko ezingase zikwenze uzwe imiphumela emibi ngemuva kokugonywa:

• Amasosha akho omzimba enza ngempela ama-antibodies alwa nesimungumungwane, amagundane, kanye ne-rubella
• Umjovo ngokwawo ungenza ukucasuka kwezicubu endaweni yokujova
• Ukusabela komzimba ngamunye kuyahlukahluka, ngakho abanye abantu basabela ngokuqapheleka kakhulu kunabanye
• Umzimba wakho empeleni unokuthi "ukuzijwayeza" ngala magciwane ngendlela ephephile

Lezi zindlela zokuphendula ngokuvamile zithambile kakhulu kunezifo zangempela futhi zixazululeka ngokushesha. Amasosha akho omzimba enza ngqo lokho okufanele akwenze.

Umuthi wokugoma i-MMR uyisibonakaliso sani noma uphawu luni?

Umuthi wokugoma i-MMR akuyona inkomba yanoma yini - ukwelashwa okuvikelayo okukuvikela ezifweni ezintathu ezibucayi ezibangelwa amagciwane. Kodwa-ke, ukuqonda ukuthi lezi zifo zibukeka kanjani kungakusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi kungani ukugonywa kubaluleke kangako.

Isimungumungwane sibangela umkhuhlane ophezulu, ukukhwehlela, amakhala agobayo, kanye nokuqubuka okubomvu okuyisici esisabalala emzimbeni wonke. Lesi sifo esithelelana kakhulu singaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu ezihlanganisa ukuvuvukala kobuchopho kanye nomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Amagundane ngokuvamile abangela ukuvuvukala okubuhlungu kwamadlala omlomo, ikakhulukazi endaweni yomhlathi. Kungabangela futhi umkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu, futhi ezimweni ezingavamile, izinkinga ezithinta ubuchopho, amathambo, noma ama-ovari.

I-Rubella, ebizwa nangokuthi izimela zaseJalimane, ibangela ukuqubuka okuncane nomkhuhlane ophansi kubantu abaningi. Kodwa-ke, iletha izingozi ezinkulu kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, okungenzeka kubangele ukukhubazeka okukhulu kokuzalwa noma ukuphuphuma kwesisu.

Ingabe imiphumela emibi yomgomo we-MMR inganyamalala yodwa?

Yebo, iningi elikhulu lemiphumela emibi yomgomo we-MMR ilulama ngokuphelele yodwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Umzimba wakho ngokwemvelo usebenza izingxenye zomgomo futhi noma yikuphi ukungakhululeki kwesikhashana kuyanyamalala njengoba amasosha akho omzimba eqeda ukwakha ukuvikeleka.

Ubuhlungu endaweni yokujova ngokuvamile buyathuthuka phakathi kwamahora angama-24-48. Noma yimuphi umkhuhlane omncane noma umuzwa ojwayelekile wokungakhululeki ngokuvamile unyamalala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphandle kokuthi kudingeke ukwelashwa.

Uma ngempela uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi, ngokuvamile iba yimbi kakhulu ngosuku lokuqala noma ezimbili ngemuva kokugonywa. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufanele uqale ukuzizwa ngcono njengoba umzimba wakho uqeda impendulo yawo yezivikeli-mzimba.

Ingabe imiphumela emibi yomgomo we-MMR ingelashwa kanjani ekhaya?

Iningi lemiphumela emibi yomgomo we-MMR lingalawulwa ngokunethezeka ekhaya ngemithi elula. Okubalulekile ukuhlala ukhululekile ngenkathi umzimba wakho wenza umsebenzi wawo obalulekile wokwakha ukuzivikela emzimbeni.

Nazi izindlela ezithambile zokunciphisa noma yikuphi ukungakhululeki ongase ukuzwe:

• Faka indwangu ebandayo, emanzi endaweni yokujova imizuzu engu-10-15 ukunciphisa ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala
• Thatha izidambisi zokuhlunguha ezingathengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela njenge-acetaminophen noma i-ibuprofen uma unomkhuhlane noma ubuhlungu bomzimba
• Phuza uketshezi oluningi ukuze uhlale unamanzi emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi uma unomkhuhlane omncane
• Thola ukuphumula okwengeziwe ukuze usekele amasosha akho omzimba njengoba esebenza umgomo
• Gqoka izingubo ezixekile ukuze ugweme ukucasula indawo yokujova
• Hambisa ingalo yakho ngobumnene nangokujwayelekile ukuvimbela ukuqina

Lezi zinyathelo ezilula zingakwenza ukhululeke kakhulu ngenkathi umzimba wakho wakha ukuvikeleka okuhlala njalo ezifweni ezinzima.

Yini ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kwezimpawu zomgomo we-MMR?

Iningi lezimpawu zokugoma ze-MMR azidingi ukwelashwa ngaphandle kwezinyathelo zokunakekela ekhaya esisanda kuzixoxa. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe bezempilo bangahlinzeka ngosizo olwengeziwe uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi ebaluleke kakhulu.

Ukuze uthole izimpawu ezimaphakathi, udokotela wakho angase ancome imithi ethile yokudambisa ubuhlungu noma imithi eqeda ukuvuvukala. Bangahlinzeka futhi ngesiqondiso ngesikhathi esingcono kakhulu kanye nokulinganisa imithi etholakala ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela.

Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu lapho othile ehlangabezana nokusabela okukhulu komzimba, ukwelashwa kwezempilo ngokushesha kufaka i-epinephrine (i-adrenaline) neminye imithi esheshayo. Lolu hlobo lokusabela ngokuvamile lwenzeka ngemizuzu ngemva kokugonywa futhi ludinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha kochwepheshe.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angasiza futhi ukunquma ukuthi ngabe yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile ozozibona zihlobene yini nomuthi wokugoma noma zingase zibe nenye imbangela ngokuphelele.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ngezimpawu ezingezinhle zomuthi wokugoma we-MMR?

Kufanele uthinte umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezibonakala zibucayi kakhulu kunezimpawu ezivamile ezilula. Ngenkathi izimpawu ezinzima zingavamile, ngaso sonke isikhathi kungcono ukubheka nochwepheshe uma ukhathazekile.

Nawa amanye amazwi lapho kufanele ufune ukunakekelwa kwezempilo:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu ongaphezu kuka-103°F (39.4°C) ongawuphenduli emithini yokwehlisa umkhuhlane
• Izimpawu zokusabela okukhulu komzimba njengokuphefumula kanzima, ukuvuvukala kobuso noma umphimbo, noma ukuqubuka okusabalale kakhulu
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, intamo eqinile, noma ukudideka okwenzeka ngemva kokugonywa
• Ukuphalaza okuqhubekayo noma izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni
• Indawo yokujova iba bomvu ngokwengeziwe, ifudumele, noma ithuthukisa amanyala
• Noma yiziphi izimpawu ezingezinhle eziqhubeka ziba zimbi kunokuba zithuthuke ngemva kwezinsuku ezi-2-3
• Izimpawu ezibonakala zingavamile noma zikwenza ukhathazeke ngempela

Udokotela wakho angahlola ukuthi izimpawu zakho zidinga yini ukwelashwa noma ngabe ziyingxenye yempendulo evamile yomzimba ekugonyweni.

Ziyini izici eziyingozi zokuthuthukisa imiphumela emibi yomgomo we-MMR?

Ezinye izici zingakwenza ukuthi uthole imiphumela emibi yomgomo we-MMR, nakuba abantu abaningi bewuthola kahle ngaphandle kwezici zabo eziyingozi. Ukuqonda lezi zici kungakusiza ukuthi ulungiselele futhi wazi ukuthi yini ongayilindela.

Iminyaka idlala indima endleleni umzimba wakho osabela ngayo emgomeni. Abantu abadala abathola umgomo we-MMR okokuqala bangase bathole imiphumela emibi ebonakalayo kancane kunezingane, nakuba lezi zivame ukuba mnene.

Nazi izici ezingase zikhuphule amathuba akho emiphumeleni emibi:

• Ukuthola umgomo wakho wokuqala we-MMR njengomuntu omdala kunokuba ingane
• Umlando wokuphendula kweminye imigomo
• Ukucindezeleka noma ukukhathala ngesikhathi sokugonywa
• Ukuba nezimo ezithile ze-autoimmune ezithinta ukusebenza komzimba wokuzivikela ezifweni
• Ukuphuza imithi ecindezela umzimba wakho wokuzivikela ezifweni
• Ukukhulelwa (nakuba umgomo we-MMR unganikezwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa)

Noma ngabe unezici eziyingozi, izinzuzo zomgomo zidlula kakhulu izingozi kubantu abaningi. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angakusiza ukuthi uqonde isimo sakho ngasinye.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona zomgomo we-MMR?

Izinkinga ezingathi sína ezivela emgomeni we-MMR azivamile kakhulu, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi zingabukeka kanjani. Ingozi yezinkinga ezivela ezifweni zangempela iphezulu kakhulu kunengozi evela emgomeni ngokwawo.

“Izinkinga” ezivame kakhulu empeleni ziyizinhlobo ezibonakala kakhulu zemiphumela emibi evamile. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise umkhuhlane ophezulu, ubuhlungu obukhulu, noma ukuzizwa ungaphilile kakhulu kunokujwayelekile izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Nawa ama-complications angavamile kodwa angathi sína angase avelaphe:

• Ukuphendula okukhulu komzimba (i-anaphylaxis) - kwenzeka cishe kumthamo owodwa kwizigidi
• Ukushaywa yizithuthwane ezinganeni ezincane ezinomkhuhlane omkhulu - ngokuvamile okwesikhashana futhi akulimazi
• Ukwehla kwesikhashana kwamaphlatelethi okungabangela ukulimala kalula - akuvamile futhi kuvame ukulungiswa
• Ukuphuka kwehlombe ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obungalungile bokujova - kungavinjelwa ngokuphatha okufanele
• Ubuhlungu emalungeni noma ukuqina okuthatha amasonto amaningana - kuvamile kakhulu kwabesifazane abadala

Lezi zinkinga zisengozini encane kakhulu kunezifo umuthi wokugoma ozivimbayo. Abahlinzeki bezempilo baqeqeshwe ukuqaphela nokuphatha lezi zenzakalo ezingavamile uma zenzeka.

Ingabe umuthi wokugoma i-MMR muhle noma mubi empilweni yonke?

Umjovo we-MMR muhle kakhulu empilweni yakho nasempilweni yomphakathi wakho. Uvimbela izifo ezintathu ezingathi sína ezingabangela izinkinga ezinzima, ukukhubazeka unomphela, ngisho nokufa.

Ngaphambi kokugonywa kwe-MMR okusabalale kakhulu, lezi zifo zazithinta amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu minyaka yonke. Izimuncumuncu zodwa zabangela ukufa okungaba ngu-400-500 ngonyaka e-United States, kanye nezinkulungwane zamacala okulimala kobuchopho nezinye izinkinga ezinzima.

Umjovo cishe uziqede lezi zifo emazweni anamazinga aphezulu okugoma. Lokhu kuvikela hhayi kuphela abantu abagonyiwe kodwa futhi nabantu abangakwazi ukugonywa ngenxa yezimo zezokwelapha.

Noma yikuphi ukungakhululeki kwesikhashana okuvela emgomeni kunqotshwa kakhulu ukuvikelwa kwempilo yonke okunikezayo ekulweni nalezi zifo eziyingozi.

Yini imiphumela emibi yomgomo we-MMR engase ididaniswe nayo?

Ngezinye izikhathi abantu babeka izimpawu ezingahlobene emgomeni we-MMR, ikakhulukazi uma zenzeka kungakapheli amasonto ambalwa ngemva kokugonywa. Lokhu kungaholela ekukhathazekeni okungadingekile noma ukudideka mayelana nokuthi umuthi wokugoma ubangela izinkinga yini.

Izimpawu zomkhuhlane ezivamile ezivela ngemva kokugonywa ngokuvamile zenzeka nje ngengozi. Isikhathi singenza kubonakale sengathi umgomo ubange imfiva yakho noma ukukhwehlela, kodwa lokhu ngokuvamile kungamabhaktheriya angahlobene.

Nawa amanye amaphutha angase athathelwe njengemiphumela emibi yomgomo:

• Ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile zonyaka okubangela ukuqubuka, imfiva, noma ukuzizwa ungaphilile
• Izimpawu zomkhuhlane ezivamile noma umkhuhlane okwenzeka ukuthi ziqale ngemva kokugonywa
• Izimpawu ezihlobene nokucindezeleka njengekhanda elibuhlungu noma ukukhathala
• Izimo zesikhumba ezingahlobene ezivela cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo
• Ubuthi bokudla noma izifo zesisu ezibangela umkhuhlane nobuhlungu bomzimba
• Ezinye izifo ezase ziqala ukuzala ngesikhathi uthola umgomo

Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi izimpawu zihlobene yini nomgomo, umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angakusiza ukuthi uhlukanise ukuthi yini exhunyiwe nokuthi yini eyenzeka ngengozi.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa ngomgomo we-MMR

Q.1: Zingakanani izimpawu ezingezinhle zomgomo we-MMR ezihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Izimpawu eziningi ezingezinhle zomgomo we-MMR zithambile futhi zihlala izinsuku eziyi-1-3 kuphela. Ukuba buhlungu endaweni yokujova ngokuvamile kuthuthuka phakathi kwamahora angu-24-48, kuyilapho noma iyiphi imfiva noma ukungakhululeki okujwayelekile kuvame ukuxazululwa phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-2-3. Abanye abantu bangase babe nokusabela okubambezelekile ezinsukwini eziyi-7-12 ngemva kokugonywa, kodwa lokhu nakho kuxazululwa ngokushesha ngokwabo.

Q.2: Ngingakwazi yini ukuzivocavoca ngemva kokuthola umgomo we-MMR?

Ukuvivinya umzimba okulula kuvamile ukuthi kulungile ngemva kokuthola umgomo we-MMR, kodwa lalela umzimba wakho. Uma uzizwa ukhathele noma unomkhuhlane, kungcono ukuphumula uze uzizwe ungcono. Gwema ukuzivocavoca okukhulu amahora angu-24-48 uma indawo yakho yokujova ibuhlungu kakhulu, njengoba ukunyakaza kwengalo okunamandla kungase kwandise ukungakhululeki.

Q.3: Kuyajwayelekile yini ukuzizwa ugula ngesonto elilodwa ngemva komgomo we-MMR?

Yebo, kujwayelekile ngokuphelele ukuthuthukisa izimpawu ezithambile ezinsukwini eziyi-7-12 ngemuva kokugonywa kwe-MMR. Lokhu kusabela okubambezelekile kwenzeka ngoba amasosha akho omzimba akha ngempela ukuzivikela emagciwaneni abuthakathaka emgomeni. Izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane ophansi, ukuqubuka okuncane, noma ukuzizwa ungazizwa kahle ngalesi sikhathi empeleni yizimpawu ezinhle zokuthi umgomo uyasebenza.

Q.4: Ngingayithola yini umgomo we-MMR uma ngikhulelwe?

Cha, umgomo we-MMR akufanele unikezwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngoba uqukethe amagciwane aphilayo. Abesifazane kufanele balinde kuze kube ngemuva kokubeletha ukuze bathole umgomo uma kudingeka. Uma uhlela ukukhulelwa futhi ungaqiniseki ngokuzivikela kwakho, kungcono ukugonywa bese ulinda okungenani inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kokuzama ukukhulelwa.

Q.5: Ngiyawudinga yini umgomo we-MMR uma ngazalwa ngaphambi kuka-1957?

Abantu abazalwe ngaphambi kuka-1957 ngokuvamile bathathwa njengabangenaso isifo somasisi nesifo somkhuhlane ngoba lezi zifo zazivame kangaka ukuthi abantu abaningi babenomthelela wemvelo. Kodwa-ke, bangase badinge ukugonywa kwe-rubella, ikakhulukazi abesifazane abaneminyaka yokuzala. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase enze izivivinyo zegazi ukuze ahlole amazinga akho okuzivikela futhi ancome ukugonywa uma kudingeka.