Yini Umgomo Wegciwane Lomkhuhlane Obukhoma: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni Nokunye

Umjovo wegciwane lomkhuhlane obukhoma ngumjovo ovikelayo osiza amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi alwe negciwane lomkhuhlane. Lo mgomo uqukethe inguqulo ebuthakathaka yegciwane lomkhuhlane elingakwazi ukubanga lesi sifo kodwa lifundisa umzimba wakho ukuthi ulibone kanjani futhi uzivikele kulo. Ukugonywa kungenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuzivikela wena nomphakathi wakho kulolu hlobo lwesifo oluthelelanayo olungaholela ezinkingeni ezingathi sína.

Yini Umgomo Wegciwane Lomkhuhlane Obukhoma?

Umjovo wegciwane lomkhuhlane obukhoma ngumgomo oqukethe uhlobo olubuthakathaka (oluncishisiwe) lwegciwane lomkhuhlane. Leli gciwane elibuthakathaka liyaphila kodwa liye lashintshwa emalabhorethri ukuze lingakwazi ukubanga isifo somkhuhlane kubantu abanempilo. Uma uthola lo mgomo, amasosha akho omzimba afunda ukubona igciwane lomkhuhlane futhi akhe ama-antibody okulwa nalo.

Lo mgomo uvame ukunikezwa njengengxenye yemigomo ehlanganisiwe efana ne-MMR (umkhuhlane, amabhubesi, i-rubella) noma i-MMRV (umkhuhlane, amabhubesi, i-rubella, i-varicella). Umgomo obukhoma unikeza ukuvikeleka okuhlala isikhathi eside, ngokuvamile impilo yonke, yingakho okhethwa ngaphezu kwemigomo engasebenzi kubantu abaningi.

Usetshenziselwani Umgomo Wegciwane Lomkhuhlane Obukhoma?

Inhloso eyinhloko yalo mgomo ukuvimbela umkhuhlane, ukutheleleka ngegciwane elithathelwanayo elingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo. Umkhuhlane usabalala ngamaconsi okuphefumula lapho umuntu onegciwane ekhwehlela noma ethimula, futhi utheleleka kakhulu kangangokuthi abantu abangagonyiwe abangu-9 kwabangu-10 abavezwa kuwo bazothola lesi sifo.

Lo mgomo uvame ukunikezwa ezinganeni njengengxenye yesimiso sazo sokugoma esivamile, ngokuvamile kuqala eneminyaka engu-12-15. Abantu abadala abangagonywanga noma abangenabo ubufakazi bokuzivikela emzimbeni bangase badinge lo mgomo, ikakhulukazi uma behamba phesheya noma besebenza ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Ngaphandle kokuvikela umuntu ngamunye, ukugoma okubanzi kusiza ekudaleni ukuzivikela komphakathi (ukuzivikela komhlambi). Lokhu kuvikela abantu abangakwazi ukugonywa ngenxa yezimo zezokwelapha, njengalabo abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezibuthakathaka noma ukungezwani okuthile.

Isebenza Kanjani Imithi Yokugoma Yegciwane Le-Measles?

Lo mgomo usebenza ngokuqeqesha uhlelo lwakho lokuzivikela ukuthi luqaphele futhi lulwe negciwane le-measles ngaphandle kokubangela lesi sifo sangempela. Lapho igciwane elibuthakathaka lingena emzimbeni wakho, uhlelo lwakho lokuzivikela luliphatha njengosongo lwangempela futhi ludala ama-antibody aklanyelwe ngqo ukulwa ne-measles.

Umuthi wokugoma ubhekwa njengonamandla ngokulinganisela mayelana nokuphendula komzimba. Umzimba wakho futhi uthuthukisa amaseli enkumbulo akhumbulayo ukuthi angalwa kanjani ne-measles eminyakeni ezayo. Uma uke wavezwa egciwaneni le-measles langempela kamuva, la maseli enkumbulo alibona ngokushesha futhi akhiqize ama-antibody ukuvimbela ukutheleleka.

Abantu abaningi bathuthukisa ukuzivikela emasontweni angu-2-3 ngemva kokugonywa. Ukuvikeleka kuvamile ukuthi kuhlale isikhathi eside, ngocwaningo olukhombisa ukuthi abantu abaningi bahlala bevikeliwe amashumi eminyaka ngemva kokuthola imithamo emibili yomgomo.

Kufanele Ngithathe Kanjani Umuthi Wokugoma Wegciwane Le-Measles?

Umuthi wokugoma wegciwane le-measles unikezwa njengesijovo ngaphansi kwesikhumba (subcutaneous), ngokuvamile engalweni yakho engenhla. Umhlinzeki wezempilo uzohlala enikeza lo mgomo endaweni yezokwelapha. Akudingeki uthathe noma yimaphi amalungiselelo akhethekile ngaphambi kokuthola umgomo, futhi ungadla ngokujwayelekile ngaphambi kwalokho.

Umuthi wokugoma uza njengempuphu okudingeka ixutshwe noketshezi olukhethekile (diluent) ngaphambi nje kokujova. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzophatha leli lungiselelo. Ukujova ngokwako kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa nje, nakuba ungase uzwe ukuchofoza okufushane noma ukushaya endaweni yokujova.

Akudingeki ukuthi ugweme ukudla noma isiphuzo ngaphambi noma ngemva komgomo. Nokho, kuhle ukuhlala unamanzi futhi udle ukudla okulula ngaphambi kwalokho uma uthambekele ekuzizweni ubuthakathaka ngesikhathi senqubo yezokwelapha.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani Umuthi Wokugoma Wegciwane Le-Measles Live?

Umuthi wokugoma wegciwane le-measles live ngokuvamile unikezwa njengochungechunge lwamadose amabili kunokuba kube ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo. Ezinganeni, idosi yokuqala ivamise ukunikezwa phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-12-15 ubudala, kanti idosi yesibili phakathi kweminyaka engu-4-6 ubudala. Lolu hlelo lwamadose amabili lunikeza ukuvikeleka okungcono kakhulu ngokumelene ne-measles.

Abantu abadala abadinga umuthi wokugoma bavame ukuthola amadosi amabili anikezwa okungenani ngemva kwezinsuku ezingama-28. Uma usuqedele uchungechunge olunconyiwe, ngokuvamile ngeke udinge amanye amadosi ngaphandle uma usesimweni esiyingozi noma udokotela wakho ekuncoma ngokuya ngezimo zakho ezithile.

Ukuvikeleka emuthini wokugoma kuhlala isikhathi eside, ngokuvamile kunikeza ukuzivikela iminyaka eminingi. Abanye abantu bangase badinge idosi yokuthuthukisa uma beya ezindaweni ezinokuqubuka kwe-measles noma uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kubonisa ukuthi ukuzivikela kwabo kunciphe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni Yomuthi Wokugoma Wegciwane Le-Measles Live?

Abantu abaningi bathola imiphumela emincane kuphela eceleni emuthini wokugoma wegciwane le-measles live, uma ikhona nhlobo. Lezi zimo zempilo empeleni ziyizimpawu zokuthi amasosha akho omzimba ayasabela emuthini wokugoma futhi akha ukuvikeleka ngokumelene ne-measles.

Ake sihambe ngemiphumela ejwayelekile ongase uyithole, sikhumbula ukuthi izimo ezinzima zivamile:

• Ubuhlungu, ububomvu, noma ukuvuvukala endaweni yokujova (kuthinta cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabahlanu)
• Umkhuhlane omncane, ngokuvamile owenzeka ezinsukwini eziyi-7-12 ngemva kokugonywa
• Ukuqubuka kwesikhashana okungase kuvele ezinsukwini eziyi-7-14 ngemva kokujova
• Ikhanda elincane noma ukuzizwa ungaphilile
• Ukuvuvukala kwesikhashana kwama-lymph nodes

Le miphumela ejwayelekile eceleni ngokuvamile iyazixazulula yodwa phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa futhi ayidingi ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha ngaphandle kokuphumula nezinyathelo zokunethezeka.

Kukhona nemiphumela emincane engajwayelekile kodwa ebonakalayo eceleni eyenzeka ngesilinganiso esincane sabantu. Ngenkathi lokhu kungase kuzwakale kukhathaza, kusengokuvamile ukuthi kube mnene futhi okwesikhashana:

• Umkhuhlane olula (102°F noma ngaphezulu) cishe kumuntu oyedwa kwabayisithupha
• Ukuqubuka okuncane okumboza izindawo ezinkulu zomzimba
• Ubuhlungu obungamahlala-khona emalungeni noma ukuqina, okuvame kakhulu kwabesifazane abadala
• Ukucasuka okwesikhashana noma izinguquko ezincane zokuziphatha ezinganeni ezincane
• Ukwehla okwesikhashana kwamaplatelets (amaseli egazi asiza ekuqineni)

Le miphumela ivamise ukuvela ezinsukwini eziyi-6-14 ngemuva kokugonywa futhi iyanyamalala ngaphandle kokwelashwa, yize ingahlala isonto elilodwa.

Manje, ake sixoxe ngemiphumela emibi engavamile kodwa engathi sína edinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha. Ngenkathi lokhu kwenzeka kaningi kakhulu, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyibheke:

• Ukuphendula okukhulu komzimba (i-anaphylaxis) - kwenzeka ngaphansi komthamo owodwa kwizigidi
• Ukuhlaselwa umkhuhlane ezinganeni ezincane ngenxa yomkhuhlane ophezulu
• Ukuvuvukala kobuchopho okwesikhashana (i-encephalitis) - akuvamile kakhulu, cishe umthamo owodwa kwizigidi ezi-3
• Ukwelashwa okukhulu ehlombe okuhlobene nokuphathwa komgomo (i-SIRVA)
• Umkhuhlane wamaphaphu noma ezinye izifo ezingathi sína kubantu abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezibuthakathaka kakhulu

Lezi zimo ezingathi sína zivame ukuvela ngemizuzu noma ngamahora ngemuva kokugonywa, yingakho abahlinzeki bezempilo bevame ukukucela ukuthi ulinde imizuzu eyi-15-20 ngemuva kokuthola umjovo wakho ngaphambi kokushiya umtholampilo.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole Umgomo Wegciwane Lomkhuhlane Womkhuhlane Ophilayo?

Ngenkathi umgomo wegciwane lomkhuhlane ophilayo uphephile kubantu abaningi, kukhona abantu abathile okungafanele bawuthole ngenxa yengozi eyengeziwe yezinkinga. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzobuyekeza umlando wakho wezokwelapha ukuthola ukuthi umgomo ukufanele yini.

Nawa amaqembu amakhulu abantu okufanele agweme lo mgomo, njengoba ukuphepha kwawo kungahle kube sengozini:

• Abantu abanezifo ezinzima zokungasebenzi kahle komzimba noma labo abathatha imithi ecindezela kakhulu amasosha omzimba
• Abesifazane abakhulelwe (umgomo unganikezwa ngemva kokubeletha)
• Abantu abanomlando wokungezwani komzimba okukhulu kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomgomo
• Abantu abanezifo eziphakathi nendawo kuya kwezinkulu ezinomkhuhlane
• Labo abathole eminye imigomo ebukhoma emavikini angu-4 edlule
• Abantu abathole imikhiqizo yegazi noma i-immune globulin ezinyangeni eziyi-3-11 ezedlule

Lezi zithiyo zisiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi umgomo usebenza ngempumelelo futhi awulimazi abantu abasengozini.

Kukhona nabanye abantu okufanele baqaphele kakhulu noma bangase badinge ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile ngaphambi kokuthola umgomo:

• Abantu abanezimo zokungasebenzi kahle komzimba okuncane
• Labo abanomlando womuntu siqu noma womndeni wokuhlaselwa yisithuthwane
• Abantu abanezifo ezinzima zokungezwani komzimba namaqanda (nakuba lokhu kungakhathazi kangako njengoba kwakucatshangwa ngaphambili)
• Abantu abathatha imithi ethile efana nama-steroid
• Labo abanesifo sofuba noma ezinye izifo ezisebenzayo

Uma ungena kunoma iyiphi yalezi zigaba, udokotela wakho uzohlola izingozi nezinzuzo ukuze anqume inkambo engcono kakhulu yesimo sakho esithile.

Amagama Omkhiqizo Womgomo Wegciwane Le-Measles Live

Umgomo wegciwane le-measles live uyatholakala ngaphansi kwamagama amaningi omkhiqizo, nakuba uvame ukunikezwa njengengxenye yemigomo ehlanganisiwe. Amagama omkhiqizo asetshenziswa kakhulu afaka i-M-M-R II (equkethe i-measles, mumps, kanye ne-rubella) kanye ne-ProQuad (equkethe i-measles, mumps, rubella, kanye ne-varicella).

Kwezinye izimo, ungase uthole umgomo we-measles ozimele, nakuba lokhu kungavamile emkhubeni ojwayelekile. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzokhetha ifomula efanele kakhulu ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yakho, isimo sempilo, kanye nemigomo oyidingayo.

Zonke izinhlobo zomgomo wamasi owamukelwe yi-FDA ziqukethe uhlobo olufanayo lwegciwane lomasi elibuthakathaka futhi zinikeza ukuvikeleka okulinganayo. Ukukhetha komkhiqizo ngokuvamile kuncike kulokho okutholakala endaweni yakho yokunakekelwa kwezempilo nokuthi ngabe udinga ukuvikelwa kwezinye izifo ngasikhathi sinye.

Ezinye izindlela zomgomo we-Measles Virus Live

Njengamanje, azikho ezinye izindlela ezisebenzayo zomgomo we-measles virus live zokuvimbela amasi. Imigomo ye-measles engasebenzi (ebulawa) yayisetshenziswa ngeminyaka yama-1960 kodwa yaba ngaphansi kokusebenza futhi kwesinye isikhathi yabangela ukusabela okukhulu lapho abantu abagonyiwe kamuva bevezwa igciwane le-measles yasendle.

Umuthi wokugoma obuthakathaka ophilayo usahlala uyizinga legolide ngoba unikeza ukuzivikela okunamandla nokuhlala isikhathi eside. Kubantu abangakwazi ukuthola umgomo ophilayo ngenxa yezimo ezingqubuzanayo zezokwelapha, enye indlela enkulu yi-immune globulin, enikeza ukuzivikela okwesikhashana kodwa kufanele inikezwe kungakapheli izinsuku eziyi-6 zokuchayeka ukuze isebenze.

Abanye abantu babuza ngokuzivikela kwemvelo okuvela ekubeni namasi, okunikeza ukuvikelwa kwempilo yonke. Kodwa-ke, ukutheleleka kwemvelo ngamasi kuthwala izingozi ezinkulu zezinkinga ezinzima, okuhlanganisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu, ukuvuvukala kobuchopho, nokufa, okwenza ukugoma kube yindlela ephephe kakhulu.

Ingabe umgomo we-Measles Virus Live Ungcono Kunezivikelo Zemvelo?

Ngenkathi ukuzivikela kwemvelo okuvela ekubeni namasi kunikeza ukuvikelwa kwempilo yonke, umgomo we-measles virus live uphephile kakhulu kunokuthola isifo sangempela. Ukutheleleka kwemvelo ngamasi kuthwala izingozi ezinkulu ezingatholakali emgomeni.

Amasi ngokwawo angabangela izinkinga ezinzima ezihlanganisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu, ukuvuvukala kobuchopho, ngisho nokufa. Cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabane abathola amasi bazolaliswa esibhedlela, futhi abangu-1-2 kwabayi-1,000 bazokufa ngenxa yawo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umgomo ubangela izinkinga ezinzima kubantu abangaphansi koyedwa kwizigidi eziyodwa zomthamo.

Ukuvikeleka okubangelwa umgomo nakho kunamandla kakhulu futhi kuhlala isikhathi eside, ngocwaningo olukhombisa ukuvikeleka okuhlala amashumi eminyaka. Ngenkathi abanye abantu bengase badinge umthamo wokuthuthukisa kamuva empilweni, ukuvikeleka kuvamile ukuba kuhle kakhulu futhi kuza ngaphandle kwezingozi ezihambisana nokutheleleka kwemvelo.

Ngokombono wezempilo yomphakathi, ukugonywa okubanzi kungcono kakhulu kunokuncika ekuzivikeleni kwemvelo ngoba kuvimbela ukuthi lesi sifo singasabalali emphakathini futhi sivikele abantu abasengozini abangakwazi ukugonywa.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nomgomo Wegciwane Lomkhuhlane Womkhuhlane

Ingabe Umgomo Wegciwane Lomkhuhlane Womkhuhlane Uphephile Kubantu Abanesifo Sikashukela?

Yebo, umgomo wegciwane lomkhuhlane womkhuhlane ngokuvamile uphephile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela. Ukuba nesifo sikashukela akukuvimbeli ukuthi uthole lo mgomo, futhi empeleni, abantu abanesifo sikashukela bangase babe sengozini enkulu yezinkinga ezivela emkhuhlaneni, ngakho-ke ukugonywa kubaluleke kakhulu.

Kodwa-ke, uma isifo sakho sikashukela singalawulwa kahle noma uma unezinkinga ezithinta amasosha akho omzimba, udokotela wakho angase afune ukuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwesifo sakho sikashukela ngaphambi kokugonywa. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela kufanele baxoxe ngesimo sabo esithile nomhlinzeki wabo wezempilo ukuze baqinisekise isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokugonywa.

Ngingenzani Uma Ngithola Ngengozi Umgomo Wegciwane Lomkhuhlane Womkhuhlane Omningi Kakhulu?

Akunakwenzeka ukuthi uthole ngengozi umgomo wegciwane lomkhuhlane womkhuhlane omningi kakhulu ngoba unikezwa njengomjovo owodwa ngumhlinzeki wezempilo. Kodwa-ke, uma ukhathazekile ngokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uthole umthamo owengeziwe noma uma kwaba nokudideka ngomlando wakho wokugoma, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha.

Ukuthola umthamo owengeziwe womgomo ngokuvamile akubangeli ingozi enkulu, kodwa kungase kwandise amathuba okuba nemiphumela emibi efana nomkhuhlane, ukuqubuka, noma ubuhlungu endaweni yokujova. Udokotela wakho angahlola isimo sakho futhi akuqaphele nganoma yimiphumela emibi eyengeziwe.

Gcina amarekhodi amahle emijovo yakho ukuze usize ekuvimbeleni ukudideka esikhathini esizayo, futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi yazisa abahlinzeki bezempilo ngomlando wakho ophelele wokugoma ngaphambi kokuthola imijovo.

Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngiphuthelwa Umthamo Womjovo Wegciwane Le-Measles Live?

Uma wena noma ingane yakho niphuthelwa umthamo ohleliwe womjovo wegciwane le-measles live, ungakhathazeki – usengathola umjovo futhi uzuze ukuvikeleka okuphelele. Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze uhlele kabusha umthamo ophuthelwe ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ochungechungeni lwemithamo emibili, akudingeki ukuthi uqale kabusha uma uphuthelwa umthamo wesibili. Vele uthole umthamo wesibili uma kulula, inqobo nje uma okungenani izinsuku ezingama-28 ngemuva komthamo wokuqala. Akukho mkhawulo wesikhathi esiphezulu phakathi kwemithamo, ngakho-ke noma ngabe izinyanga noma iminyaka idlule, usengaqeda uchungechunge.

Uma ungaqiniseki ngomlando wakho wokugoma, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungahlola ukuzivikela ku-measles. Uma ungenazo izivikelo, ungaqokwa umjovo kungakhathaliseki ubudala bakho noma ukuthi isikhathi esingakanani esidlule kusukela emithamini yangaphambilini.

Ngingayeka Nini Ukuthatha Umjovo Wegciwane Le-Measles Live?

Umjovo wegciwane le-measles live ngokuvamile unikezwa njengochungechunge lwemithamo emibili ngesikhathi sobuntwana, futhi abantu abaningi abadingi eminye imithamo empilweni yabo yonke. Uma usuqede uchungechunge olutuswayo, ngokuvamile unokuvikeleka impilo yakho yonke ku-measles.

Noma kunjalo, abanye abadala bangadinga eminye imithamo uma besezimweni eziyingozi, njengokuhamba ezindaweni ezinokuqubuka kwe-measles noma ukusebenza ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Udokotela wakho angase futhi ancome i-booster uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kukhombisa ukuthi ukuzivikela kwakho kunciphile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ngokungafani nemithi oyithatha njalo, umjovo we-measles unikeza ukuzivikela okuhlala isikhathi eside okungadingi imithamo eqhubekayo kubantu abaningi. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi ngabe udinga eminye imithamo ngokuya ngezimo zakho ngazinye nezici eziyingozi.

Ngingathola Umjovo Wegciwane Le-Measles Live Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa?

Cha, akufanele uthole umgomo wegciwane lesimungumungwane ophilayo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngoba uqukethe igciwane eliphilayo elingase libeke engozini ingane esakhula. Uma ukhulelwe futhi ungenakuzivikela esimungumungwaneni, kufanele ulinde ngemva kokubeletha ukuze uthole umgomo.

Kodwa-ke, uma uhlela ukukhulelwa futhi ungenakuzivikela esimungumungwaneni, kubalulekile ukuthola umgomo okungenani inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kokuzama ukukhulelwa. Lesi sikhathi sivumela umzimba wakho ukuthi wakhe ukuzivikela ngenkathi uqinisekisa ukuthi umgomo ususiwe ngokuphelele ohlelweni lwakho ngaphambi kokukhulelwa.

Uma uncelisa, ungafaka umgomo wesimungumungwane ngokuphepha. Umgomo ngeke ulilimaze ingane yakho ngobisi lwebele, futhi empeleni uzohlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuthile okungaqondile enganeni yakho ngama-antibodies obisini lwakho lwebele.