Yini i-Mechlorethamine: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Mechlorethamine iyikhambi le-chemotherapy elisetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza, okuhlanganisa ama-lymphomas kanye ne-leukemia. Le mithi enamandla isebenza ngokungenelela ekukhuleni nasekuhlukaniseni kwamaseli omdlavuza, okusiza ukunciphisa noma ukumisa ukusabalala kwamaseli anonya emzimbeni wakho. Ngenkathi kuyikhambi eliqinile elinemiphumela ebalulekile, ukuqonda ukuthi lisebenza kanjani nokuthi yini ongayilindela kungakusiza uzizwe ulungiseleleke kakhulu ohambweni lwakho lokwelashwa.

Yini i-Mechlorethamine?

I-Mechlorethamine ingeyeqembu lezidakamizwa ze-chemotherapy ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-ejenti e-alkylating. Le mithi isebenza ngokulimaza i-DNA ngaphakathi kwamaseli omdlavuza, iwavimbela ukuthi angaphindaphindi futhi asabalale emzimbeni wakho wonke. Ingenye yezidakamizwa ezindala ze-chemotherapy, yaqala ukuthuthukiswa ngeminyaka yawo-1940, kodwa isahlala iyindlela ebalulekile yokwelapha izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza wegazi.

Umuthi unikezwa ngomugqa we-intravenous (IV), okusho ukuthi ulethwa ngqo emgudwini wakho wegazi ngomthambo. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuthi umuthi ufinyelela ngokushesha nangempumelelo amaseli omdlavuza emzimbeni wakho wonke. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizokuqapha ngokucophelela ngesikhathi nangemva kokwelashwa ngakunye ukuze liqinisekise ukuphepha kwakho nokunethezeka.

Yini i-Mechlorethamine Esizenzelwa Yona?

I-Mechlorethamine isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukwelapha i-Hodgkin's lymphoma nezinhlobo ezithile ze-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Ivame ukuba yingxenye yohlelo lokwelashwa nge-chemotherapy oluhlanganisiwe, okusho ukuthi uzoluthola kanye neminye imithi elwa nomdlavuza ukuze wandise ukusebenza kwayo. Udokotela wakho we-oncologist angase futhi ayinikeze eminye imidlava yegazi noma izimila eziqinile ezimweni ezithile.

Umuthi ulusizo ikakhulukazi lapho umdlavuza usabalale ezindaweni eziningi zomzimba wakho noma lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasebenzi. Ngezinye izikhathi, odokotela basebenzisa i-mechlorethamine njengengxenye yohlelo lokulungisa ngaphambi kokufakelwa komnkantsha wamathambo noma amaseli esiqu. Kulezi zimo, kusiza ukulungisa umzimba wakho ngokunciphisa inani lamaseli omdlavuza nokwenza indawo yamaseli amasha anempilo ukuthi akhule.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Mechlorethamine?

I-Mechlorethamine ithathwa njengomuthi oqinile we-chemotherapy oqondiswe kumaseli ahlukanisa ngokushesha. Isebenza ngokwakha izibopho zamakhemikhali ne-DNA ngaphakathi kwamaseli omdlavuza namanye amaseli anempilo, iwavimbela ukuthi angazikopishi kahle. Uma amaseli engakwazi ukuhlukanisa ngokujwayelekile, ekugcineni ayafa, okusiza ukunciphisa inani lamaseli omdlavuza emzimbeni wakho.

Ngenxa yokuthi amaseli omdlavuza ahlukanisa kaningi kunamaseli amaningi anempilo, avulnerable kakhulu emiphumeleni yalo muthi. Kodwa-ke, amanye amaseli anempilo ahlukanisa ngokushesha, njengalawo amathambo akho, ama-follicles ezinwele, kanye nethrekhi yokugaya ukudla, nawo angase athinteke. Yingakho ungase uthole imiphumela ethile engemihle ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, okuzosizwa ithimba lakho lezempilo ukuthi uliphathise.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Mechlorethamine?

Uzothola i-mechlorethamine njenge-infusion ye-intravenous esibhedlela noma esikhungweni sokwelashwa komdlavuza. Umuthi unikezwa kancane ngomugqa we-IV, ngokuvamile ngaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-10 kuya kwengu-15, ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwezokwelapha okucophelelayo. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizokuqapha eduze ngesikhathi sonke senqubo ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwakho nokunethezeka kwakho.

Ngaphambi kokwelashwa ngakunye, uzodinga ukuba nezivivinyo zegazi ukuze uhlole ukubalwa kwamaseli egazi kanye nokusebenza kwezitho. Kubalulekile ukufika unamanzi kahle, ngakho phuza amanzi amaningi ngosuku olwandulela kanye nasekuseni kokwelashwa kwakho ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ekweluleka ngenye indlela. Ungase futhi uthole imithi yangaphambi kokwelashwa ukusiza ukuvimbela isicanucanu nokusabela komzimba.

Isikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho sincike ohlelweni lwakho oluthile lokwelashwa, kodwa imijikelezo ivame ukuhlukaniswa ngamasonto angu-3 kuya kwangu-4. Lokhu kunika umzimba wakho isikhathi sokululama phakathi kwemithamo. Udokotela wakho we-oncologist uzochaza isimiso esiqondile ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho, ukuthi usabela kahle kangakanani ekwelashweni, nokuthi umzimba wakho ukusingatha kanjani imithi.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Mechlorethamine?

Ubude bokwelashwa kwakho nge-mechlorethamine busekelwe ezintweni eziningana, okuhlanganisa uhlobo nesigaba somdlavuza wakho, ukuthi usabela kahle kangakanani ekwelashweni, nempilo yakho yonke. Abantu abaningi bayayithola izinyanga eziningana njengengxenye yohlelo lokwelashwa oluhleliwe, ngokuvamile oluqukethe imijikelezo engu-4 kuya kwengu-6 ye-chemotherapy.

Udokotela wakho we-oncologist uzoqapha njalo inqubekela phambili yakho ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi, izithombe zokuhlola, nokuhlolwa komzimba. Uma umdlavuza usabela kahle futhi ukwazi ukumelana nemithi ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezinkulu, cishe uzoqeda inkambo ephelele ehleliwe. Kodwa-ke, uma imiphumela emibi ebalulekile ithuthuka noma umdlavuza ungawusabeli njengoba kulindelekile, udokotela wakho angase ashintshe uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa.

Ungayeki ukuthatha i-mechlorethamine noma uphuthelwe ukwelashwa okuhleliwe ngaphandle kokuxoxa nethimba lakho lezempilo kuqala. Noma ngabe uzizwa ungaphilile, kungase kube nezindlela zokuphatha izimpawu zakho ngenkathi uqhubeka nokwelashwa. Udokotela wakho we-oncologist angashintsha umthamo wakho noma isimiso uma kudingeka ukukusiza ukuthi uqede inkambo yakho ephelele yokwelashwa ngokuphepha.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni Ye-Mechlorethamine?

Ukuqonda imiphumela engaba khona ye-mechlorethamine kungakusiza ukuthi ulungiselele futhi wazi ukuthi ungathintana nini nethimba lakho lezempilo. Ngenkathi kungewona wonke umuntu othola yonke imiphumela emibi, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yini engenzeka ukuze uthole usizo ngokushesha uma kudingeka.

Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ongase uhlangabezane nayo ihlanganisa isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, nokukhathala. Lokhu kuvamile ukuthi kwenzeke phakathi kwamahora kuya ezinsukwini ngemuva kokwelashwa futhi kuvame ukuthuthuka ngaphambi komjikelezo wakho olandelayo. Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizohlinzeka ngemithi namasu okusiza ukuphatha lezi zimpawu ngempumelelo.

Nawa amanye emiphumela emibi ebikwa kaningi ukuthi iziguli eziningi ziyayithola:

• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza, okungaphathwa ngemithi elwa nesicanucanu
• Ukukhathala nobuthakathaka obungase buqhubeke izinsuku eziningana ngemuva kokwelashwa
• Ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla kanye nezinguquko ekunambithekeni
• Ukuwa kwezinwele, okuvame ukuba okwesikhashana futhi kuqala emasontweni ama-2-3 ngemuva kokuqala kokwelashwa
• Izilonda zomlomo noma ukucasuka komphimbo
• Ukuqunjelwa noma ukuqunjelwa
• Ukwanda kwengozi yokutheleleka ngenxa yokwehla kwamaseli egazi amhlophe

Le miphumela emibi iyakwazi ukuphathwa ngosizo olufanele, futhi ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizosebenza nawe ukunciphisa umthelela wayo empilweni yakho yansuku zonke.

Eminye imiphumela emibi engavamile kodwa ebucayi idinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha. Ngenkathi lokhu kungenzeki kubantu abaningi, kubalulekile ukwazi izimpawu zokuxwayisa ukuze ukwazi ukuthola usizo ngokushesha uma zenzeka.

Xhumana nethimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zale miphumela emibi ebucayi:

• Umkhuhlane ongaphezu kuka-100.4°F (38°C) noma izimpawu zokutheleleka
• Ukuphuma kwegazi okungavamile noma ukulimala
• Isicanucanu esibi noma esiqhubekayo nokuhlanza
• Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukuphendula kwesikhumba okubi kakhulu noma ukuqubuka
• Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba noma amehlo
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu

Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo linolwazi ekuphatheni le miphumela emibi futhi lizokunikeza imiyalelo enemininingwane yokuthi ungabiza nini usizo nokuthi yiziphi izimpawu okufanele uzibheke.

Kukhona nemiphumela embalwa kodwa engaba yingozi yesikhathi eside okuthi udokotela wakho we-oncologist azoqapha ngesikhathi nangemva kokwelashwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi iminyango yesibili yomdlavuza, engathuthuka eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, kanye nemiphumela engaba khona enhliziyweni yakho, emaphashini, noma esibindini. Ukuqokwa okuvamile kokulandela kuzosiza ukuthola noma yiziphi izinkinga ekuqaleni lapho zitholakala kalula.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole I-Mechlorethamine?

Abantu abathile akufanele bathole i-mechlorethamine noma bangadinga izinyathelo zokuphepha ezikhethekile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Udokotela wakho we-oncologist uzobuyekeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nesimo sempilo yakho samanje ngaphambi kokunquma lo muthi ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi uphephile kuwe.

Akufanele uthole i-mechlorethamine uma wazi ukuthi unokungezwani komzimba nomuthi noma imithi efanayo ye-chemotherapy. Abantu abanokucindezelwa okukhulu komnkantsha wamathambo noma izifo ezisebenzayo bangase badinge nokugwema lokhu kwelashwa kuze kube yilapho isimo sabo sithuthuka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma unezifo ezinzima zezinso noma zesibindi, udokotela wakho angase akhethe ezinye izindlela zokwelapha noma alungise ukulinganisa kwakho ngokucophelela.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe akufanele bathole i-mechlorethamine ngoba ingalimaza ingane esakhulayo. Uma useminyakeni yokuzala, ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizoxoxa ngezindlela zokulawula ukuzala ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa. Omama abancelisa izingane bazodinga futhi ukuyeka ukuncelisa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, njengoba umuthi ungangena obisini lwebele.

Abantu abanezimo ezithile zenhliziyo, isifo esinzima samaphaphu, noma amasistimu omzimba angavikelekile angase adinge ukuqapha okukhethekile noma ukulungiswa kwemithamo. Udokotela wakho we-oncologist uzokala izinzuzo zokwelashwa ngokumelene nezingozi ezingaba khona kulezi zimo, ngokuvamile exhumana nezinye izazi ukuze aqinisekise ukuphepha kwakho.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Mechlorethamine

I-Mechlorethamine itholakala ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi Mustargen emazweni amaningi. Leli yigama lomkhiqizo elaziwa kakhulu lomuthi, nakuba izinhlobo ezivamile zingase zitholakale ngokuya ngendawo yakho kanye nesistimu yokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Ezinye izikhungo zokwelapha zingase zibhekisele kuyo ngegama layo le-chemical, i-nitrogen mustard, noma ziyifake njengengxenye yezinhlelo zokwelapha ngamakhemikhali ahlanganisiwe anamagama athile afana ne-MOPP (mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, kanye ne-prednisone). Ithimba lakho lezempilo liyohlala licacisa ukuthi yimiphi imithi oyitholayo namagama ayo athile ukuze kugwenywe ukudideka.

Ezinye Izindlela Zokwelapha Nge-Mechlorethamine

Imithi eminingi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali engenye ingasetshenziswa esikhundleni se-mechlorethamine, kuye ngohlobo lwakho oluthile lomdlavuza kanye nezimo zakho. Lezi ezinye izindlela zihlanganisa ezinye izinto ezihlaselayo ezifana ne-cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, noma i-bendamustine, ezisebenza ngendlela efanayo kodwa zingase zibe nemiphumela ehlukene.

Nge-Hodgkin's lymphoma, izinhlelo ezintsha ezifana ne-ABVD (adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, kanye ne-dacarbazine) noma i-BEACOPP enyusiwe ingase ithandwe ezimweni ezithile. Udokotela wakho we-oncologist uzocabangela izinto ezifana neminyaka yakho, impilo yonke, isigaba somdlavuza, kanye nokwelashwa kwangaphambilini lapho ekhetha inketho efanele kakhulu kuwe.

Kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa okuhloswe ngakho, i-immunotherapy, noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungase kucatshangelwe njengezinye izindlela noma izithasiselo ekwelapheni ngamakhemikhali. Lezi zinqumo zenzelwe umuntu ngamunye futhi zisekelwe ocwaningweni lwakamuva kanye nemihlahlandlela yokwelapha yesimo sakho esithile.

Ingabe i-Mechlorethamine Ingcono Kunezinye Izidakamizwa Zokwelapha Ngamakhemikhali?

I-Mechlorethamine akudingeki ukuthi

Ngezinhlobo ezithile ze-lymphoma, i-mechlorethamine inerekhodi elide lempumelelo, ikakhulukazi uma isetshenziswa ngokuhlanganyela neminye imithi. Kodwa-ke, izinhlelo ezintsha ze-chemotherapy zingase zithandwe ezigulini eziningi ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza noma imiphumela emibi elawulekayo. Udokotela wakho we-oncologist uzokhetha indlela yokwelapha ekunikeza ithuba elingcono kakhulu lempumelelo ngenkathi kunciphisa izingozi.

Uhlelo lwe-chemotherapy olungcono kakhulu luhlala luyilolo olufaneleka kakhulu esimweni sakho. Lesi sinqumo sihlanganisa ukucabangela uhlobo lomdlavuza wakho, isigaba, ukwelashwa kwangaphambilini, impilo yonke, nezintandokazi zomuntu siqu. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizochaza ukuthi kungani lincoma i-mechlorethamine nokuthi liqhathaniswa kanjani nezinye izinketho zecala lakho elithile.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Mechlorethamine

Ingabe i-Mechlorethamine iphephile kubantu abanezifo zenhliziyo?

Abantu abanezifo zenhliziyo ngezinye izikhathi bangathola i-mechlorethamine, kodwa badinga ukuqapha nokunakekelwa okwengeziwe. Udokotela wakho wenhliziyo kanye nodokotela we-oncologist bazosebenzisana ukuze bahlole ukusebenza kwenhliziyo yakho ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa futhi bakuqaphe eduze kuyo yonke inqubo.

Uma unezinkinga zenhliziyo ezincane, odokotela bakho bangase balungise umthamo wakho noma bahlele ezinye izivivinyo zokuqapha inhliziyo. Kubantu abanezimo zenhliziyo ezinzima kakhulu, ukwelashwa okuhlukile kungase kucatshangelwe. Isinqumo sincike ekulinganiseni izinzuzo zokwelashwa komdlavuza ngokumelene nezingozi ezingaba khona empilweni yakho yenhliziyo.

Ngingenzani uma ngithola i-Mechlorethamine eningi ngengozi?

Ukweqisa kwe-Mechlorethamine akuvamile kakhulu ngoba ngaso sonke isikhathi kunikezwa ochwepheshe bezempilo abaqeqeshiwe ezindaweni zezokwelapha ezilawulwayo. Uma usola ukuthi uthole imithi eningi kakhulu, tshela ithimba lakho lezempilo ngokushesha ukuze likuqaphe eduze futhi linikeze ukunakekelwa okusekelayo uma kudingeka.

Izimpawu zokuthola imithi eningi kakhulu zingabandakanya isicanucanu esibi, ukuhlanza, noma ukukhathala okungavamile. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizobheka ukubalwa kwegazi lakho kaningi futhi lingase linikeze eminye imithi ukusiza ukuvikela izitho zakho nokulawula noma yimaphi imiphumela emibi evela.

Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngedlula Umthamo We-Mechlorethamine?

Uma uphuthelwa ukwelashwa kwe-mechlorethamine okuhleliwe, xhumana nehhovisi likadokotela wakho we-oncologist ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uhlele kabusha. Ungazami "ukubamba" ngokuthola imithi eyengeziwe kamuva, ngoba lokhu kungaba yingozi futhi akuyona indlela i-chemotherapy esebenza ngayo.

Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizothola indlela engcono kakhulu yokubuyisela ukwelashwa kwakho esimisweni. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kusho ukumane unyakazise i-aphoyintimenti yakho elandelayo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, kanti ngezinye izikhathi kungase kudingeke ukuthi balungise lonke uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa. Into ebalulekile ukuxhumana nethimba lakho ukuze bakwazi ukugcina ukwelashwa kwakho kusebenza ngendlela efanele.

Ngingayeka Nini Ukuthatha I-Mechlorethamine?

Kufanele uyeke kuphela i-mechlorethamine lapho udokotela wakho we-oncologist enquma ukuthi kufanelekile ukwenza kanjalo. Lesi sinqumo sisekelwe ekutheni umdlavuza wakho usabela kahle kangakanani ekwelashweni, impilo yakho yonke, nokuthi ngabe uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi elawulekayo.

Abantu abaningi baqeda inkambo yabo yokwelashwa ehleliwe, evame ukubandakanya imijikelezo eminingana ezinyangeni eziningana. Kodwa-ke, uma imiphumela emibi emibi ivele noma umdlavuza wakho ungasabeli njengoba kulindelekile, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuyeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi bese eshintshela kwenye indlela yokwelapha. Hlala uxoxa nganoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuqhubeka nokwelashwa nethimba lakho lezempilo kunokwenza lesi sinqumo wedwa.

Ngingasebenza Ngesikhathi Ngithola I-Mechlorethamine?

Abantu abaningi bangaqhubeka nokusebenza ngenkathi bethola i-mechlorethamine, nakuba kungase kudingeke ukuthi wenze izinguquko ezithile esimisweni sakho. Umuthi uvame ukunikezwa njalo ngemva kwamaviki ama-3-4, futhi imiphumela emibi efana nokukhathala nesicanucanu ivamise ukuba namandla kakhulu ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemva kokwelashwa.

Cabangela ukuhlela isimiso sakho sokwelashwa ngokuya ngemisebenzi yakho yomsebenzi uma kungenzeka, futhi ukhulume nomqashi wakho mayelana nezinhlelo eziguquguqukayo uma kudingeka. Abanye abantu bakuthola kuwusizo ukuhlela ukwelashwa ngolwesihlanu ukuze bakwazi ukuphumula ngempelasonto, kanti abanye bakhetha isikhathi esihlukile ngokusekelwe ekuphenduleni kwabo komuntu ngamunye emuthini.