Yini Umgomo Wemeningococcal: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni Nokunye

Umgomo wemeningococcal uyisibhamu esivikelayo esisiza umzimba wakho ukuthi ulwe namagciwane ayingozi abizwa ngokuthi i-meningococcus. Lawa magciwane angabangela izifo ezinzima ebuchosheni bakho nasemgogodleni wakho, kanye nasegazini lakho. Ukugonywa ingenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuzivikela wena nabathandekayo bakho kulezi zimo ezingase zibe yingozi empilweni.

Yini Umgomo Wemeningococcal?

Umgomo wemeningococcal ngumgomo oqeqesha amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi aqaphele futhi alwe namagciwane e-meningococcal. Isebenza ngokwethula izingcezu ezincane, ezingalimazi zamagciwane emzimbeni wakho, okuvumela amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi akhe izivikelo ngaphandle kokubangela ukugula.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zemigomo ye-meningococcal etholakalayo, ngayinye ivikela ezinhlotsheni ezithile zamagciwane. Ezivamile zivikela kumaqembu A, C, W, kanye no-Y, kanti omunye umgomo uvikela eqenjini B. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzoncoma ukuthi yimuphi umgomo ongcono kakhulu ngeminyaka yakho kanye nezimo zakho.

Umgomo Wemeningococcal Usetshenziselwani?

Lo mgomo uvimbela isifo se-meningococcal, esihlanganisa i-meningitis kanye ne-septicemia (ubuthi begazi). I-Meningitis yisifo samalungu okuvikela ahlanganisa ubuchopho bakho nomgogodla wakho, kuyilapho i-septicemia yenzeka lapho amagciwane ekhula egazini lakho.

Lo mgomo ubaluleke kakhulu kumaqembu athile abantu ababhekene nezingozi eziphakeme. Abafundi basekolishi abahlala emakamelweni okulala, abaqeqeshwa bezempi, kanye nabahambi ezindaweni lapho isifo se-meningococcal sivamile bonke bazuza kakhulu ekugonyweni. Abantu abanezimo ezithile zezokwelapha ezenza amasosha abo omzimba buthaka nabo badinga lokhu kuvikelwa.

Noma ungafakiwe eqenjini elinengozi enkulu, ukugonywa kusiza ukuvikela umphakathi wakho wonke. Lo mqondo, obizwa ngokuthi ukuzivikela komhlambi, usho ukuthi lapho abantu abaningi begonyiwe, kuba nzima kakhulu ukuthi lesi sifo sande kubantu abasengozini abangakwazi ukugonywa.

Isebenza Kanjani Umgomo Wokuvikela I-Meningococcal?

Umgomo we-meningococcal uthathwa njengomuthi oqinile futhi osebenza kahle kakhulu wokuvimbela. Usebenza ngokukhombisa amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi amabhaktheriya e-meningococcal abukeka kanjani, ukuze umzimba wakho ukwazi ukuwaqaphela ngokushesha futhi awabhubhise uma wake wavezwa entweni yangempela.

Uma uthola umgomo, amasosha akho omzimba akha ama-antibody aklanyelwe ngqo ukulwa namabhaktheriya e-meningococcal. Lawa ma-antibody ahlala ohlelweni lwakho iminyaka, enikeza ukuvikeleka okuhlala isikhathi eside. Uma uhlangana namabhaktheriya angempela kamuva, amasosha akho omzimba angaphendula ngokushesha futhi avimbele ukutheleleka.

Ukuphumelela komgomo kuyamangalisa, kuvimbela cishe ama-85-100% wamacala ngokuya ngohlobo oluthile kanye neminyaka yakho lapho ugonywa. Lokhu kuwenza omunye wamathuluzi ethu athembeke kakhulu okuvimbela lesi sifo esibi.

Kufanele Ngiwuthathaphi Umgomo We-Meningococcal?

Umgomo we-meningococcal unikezwa njengomjovo emsipheni wengalo yakho engenhla. Akudingeki wenze lutho olukhethekile ukulungiselela ukudutshulwa, futhi ungadla ngokujwayelekile ngaphambi kokuqokwa kwakho.

Abantu abaningi bathola umgomo ngesikhathi sokuvakasha okuvamile kumhlinzeki wabo wokunakekelwa kwezempilo noma emtholampilo wokugoma. Umjovo uthatha imizuzwana embalwa nje, futhi ngokuvamile uzocelwa ukuthi ulinde imizuzu engu-15-20 ngemva kwalokho ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi awunazo izimo eziphendulayo ngokushesha.

Ungawuthatha umgomo ngaphandle kokudla, njengoba kungathinti ukuthi umgomo usebenza kahle kangakanani. Abanye abantu bakuthola kuwusizo ukuphuza amanzi ngaphambi nangemva komjovo ukuze bahlale benamanzi, kodwa lokhu akudingeki.

Uma ukhathazekile ngamajwazi, yazisa umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Bangakusiza ukuthi uzizwe ukhululekile futhi bangase baphakamise amasu okunciphisa noma yikuphi ukukhathazeka mayelana nomjovo.

Kufanele Ngithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani Umgomo Wokuqeda Ukuvuvukala Kwengqondo?

Umgomo wokuqeda ukuvuvukala kwengqondo akuyona into oyithatha ngokuqhubekayo njengomuthi wansuku zonke. Kunalokho, uyawuthola njengochungechunge lwemijovo oluhlukaniswe ngesikhathi, kuye ngeminyaka yakho kanye nomgomo owutholayo.

Ngomgomo ojwayelekile wokuqeda ukuvuvukala kwengqondo (amaqembu A, C, W, Y), abantu abaningi badinga imithamo emibili. Umthamo wokuqala uvame ukunikezwa cishe ngeminyaka engu-11-12, futhi umjovo wokuthuthukisa unconywa eneminyaka engu-16-18. Lesi sikhathi siqinisekisa ukuvikeleka phakathi neminyaka yobusha lapho ingozi iphakeme.

Uma uthola umgomo okokuqala njengomuntu omdala, ungase udinge umthamo owodwa nje, nakuba abanye abantu abasezimweni eziyingozi kakhulu bangase badinge imijovo eyengeziwe yokuthuthukisa. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzokwenza isimiso sokugoma esifanele isimo sakho esithile.

Ukuvikeleka emagcinweni wokuqeda ukuvuvukala kwengqondo kungahlala iminyaka eminingi, kodwa ukuzivikela emzimbeni kungancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Yingakho imijovo yokuthuthukisa ngezinye izikhathi inconywa, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasahlala engozini enkulu.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni Yomgomo Wokuqeda Ukuvuvukala Kwengqondo?

Abantu abaningi bathola kuphela imiphumela emincane eceleni emgomeni wokuqeda ukuvuvukala kwengqondo, uma ikhona nhlobo. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zenzeka endaweni yomjovo futhi zivame ukunyamalala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Nansi imiphumela eceleni ongase uyithole, ukhumbula ukuthi umzimba wakho umane ukhombisa ukuthi wakha ukuvikeleka ezifweni ezinzima:

Imiphumela ejwayelekile eceleni ihlanganisa:

• Ubuhlungu, ububomvu, noma ukuvuvukala lapho uthole khona umjovo
• Umkhuhlane omncane
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele noma ukuba namandla amancane kunokujwayelekile
• Ikhanda
• Imisipha noma ubuhlungu bamalunga
• Isicanucanu noma ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla

Lezi zimpawu empeleni ziyizimpawu ezinhle zokuthi amasosha akho omzimba ayasabela emutheni wokugoma futhi akha ukuvikeleka. Zivame ukuzixazulula zodwa phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-1-2.

Imiphumela engavamile kodwa engenzeka eceleni ihlanganisa:

• Ukubanda noma ukuthuthumela
• Ukuqunjelwa
• Isiyezi
• Ubunzima besikhashana ukuhambisa ingalo yakho

Le miphumela isabhekwa njengempendulo ejwayelekile yokugoma futhi ngokuvamile ayidingi ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngaphandle kokuthi ibe nzima noma ihlale isikhathi eside kunokulindelekile.

Imiphumela engavamile kodwa ebucayi eceleni ihlanganisa:

• Ukungezwani komzimba okukhulu (i-anaphylaxis)
• Ukwelashwa kwehlombe okuhlobene nokuphathwa komuthi wokugoma
• Ukuquleka nokulimala okungenzeka ngenxa yokuwa
• I-Guillain-Barré syndrome (isimo esingavamile semizwa)

Ngenkathi lezi zimpawu ezinzima zingavamile kakhulu, zenzeka kubantu abangaphansi kwe-1 kwabangu-100,000, kubalulekile ukwazi izimpawu futhi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinzima njengobunzima bokuphefumula, ukuqubuka okusabalale noma ubuthakathaka obukhulu.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole Umuthi Wokugoma we-Meningococcal?

Ngenkathi umuthi wokugoma we-meningococcal uphephile kubantu abaningi, kunezimo ezithile lapho kufanele ulinde noma ugweme ukugonywa ngokuphelele. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzobuyekeza umlando wakho wezokwelapha ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi umuthi wokugoma ukufanele.

Nazi izizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani othile engase akwazi ukuthola umuthi wokugoma okwamanje:

Akufanele ugonywe uma:

• Unokungezwani komzimba okukhulu kunoma iyiphi into emuthini wokugoma
• Uke waba nokusabela okukhulu komzimba emthini wokugoma we-meningococcal wangaphambilini
• Njengamanje ugula ngokulingene noma ngokuqinile ngomkhuhlane
• Unamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka ngenxa yokwelashwa okuthile kwezokwelapha

Uma unomkhuhlane olula noma umkhuhlane olula, ngokuvamile usengaluthola umuthi wokugoma, kodwa umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzokusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi yini engcono kakhulu.

Izinto ezikhethekile okufanele zicatshangelwe uma:

• Ukhulelwe noma uncelisa ibele
• Uthatha imithi ecindezela amasosha akho omzimba
• Unezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezingapheli
• Uthatha ama-antibiotics ngenxa yokutheleleka kwamanje

Lezi zimo akudingeki ukuthi zivimbele ukugoma, kodwa zingadinga ukulungiswa kwesikhathi noma ukuqapha okukhethekile. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angakuqondisa ngendlela engcono kakhulu yezimo zakho ezithile.

Amagama Omkhiqizo Womuthi Wokugoma We-Meningococcal

Kukhona imithi yokugoma ehlukene ye-meningococcal etholakalayo, ngalinye linomkhiqizo walo kanye nokumbozwa okuthile. Imithi yokugoma esetshenziswa kakhulu ihlanganisa i-Menactra ne-Menveo, zombili ezivikela emaqenjini A, C, W, kanye no-Y.

Ukuze kuvikelwe esifo se-meningococcal se-group B, imithi yokugoma etholakalayo yi-Bexsero ne-Trumenba. Lezi ngokuvamile zinconywa kubantu abasengozini enkulu noma ezimweni zokuqubuka.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzokhetha umuthi wokugoma ofanele kakhulu ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yakho, izici eziyingozi, nokuthi yini njengamanje enconywa yiziphathimandla zezempilo. Yonke le mithi yokugoma ihlolwe ngokucophelela futhi yafakazelwa ukuthi iyasebenza ekuvikeleni isifo se-meningococcal.

Ezinye Izindlela Zomuthi Wokugoma We-Meningococcal

Akukho ngempela okunye ukugoma kwe-meningococcal uma kuziwa ekuvikeleni lesi sifo esibi. Ngokungafani nezinye izimo ezingase zilawulwe ngezinguquko zokuphila noma eminye imithi, isifo se-meningococcal sidinga ukuvikelwa okuthile komzimba okungahlinzekwa kuphela ukugoma.

Abanye abantu bayazibuza ngomzimba wemvelo, kodwa ukuthola isifo se-meningococcal ukuze kuthuthukiswe ama-antibody emvelo kuyingozi kakhulu futhi kungase kubulale. Umuthi wokugoma unikeza ukuvikelwa okufanayo komzimba ngaphandle kwezingozi zesifo sangempela.

Uma ungakwazi ukuthola umgomo ojwayelekile we-meningococcal ngenxa yokungezwani komzimba noma ezinye izizathu zezokwelapha, umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo angase ancome isikhathi esihlukile, amalungiselelo omgomo ahlukene, noma izinyathelo ezivikelayo ezengeziwe. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinqumo kufanele zenziwe ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokubonisana nochwepheshe wezempilo oqeqeshiwe.

Ingabe Umgomo We-Meningococcal Ungcono Kune-Pneumococcal Vaccine?

Umgomo we-meningococcal kanye nomgomo we-pneumococcal bavikela amagciwane ahlukene ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke awuqhathaniseki ngempela mayelana nokuthi “ungcono” kunomunye. Zombili zibalulekile ekuvikeleni izifo ezingathi sína, kodwa ziqondisa izifo ezihlukene.

Umgomo we-meningococcal uvimbela izifo ezibangelwa yi-Neisseria meningitidis, kuyilapho umgomo we-pneumococcal uvimbela izifo ezibangelwa yi-Streptococcus pneumoniae. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zamagciwane zingabangela i-meningitis nezinye izifo ezingathi sína, kodwa ziyizinhlangano ezihlukene ezidinga imigomo ehlukene.

Abantu abaningi empeleni badinga yomibili imigomo, ikakhulukazi labo abasengozini enkulu yokutheleleka ngamagciwane. Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo angakusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi yimiphi imigomo oyidingayo ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yakho, isimo sempilo, kanye nezici eziyingozi.

Esikhundleni sokucabanga ngale migomo njengezinye izindlela komunye nomunye, kuyasiza kakhulu ukuzibona njengokuvikela okwengezelelwe ezifweni ezihlukene kodwa ezingathi sína ngokulinganayo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nomgomo We-Meningococcal

Q1. Ingabe Umgomo We-Meningococcal Uphephile Kubantu Abanesifo Sikashukela?

Yebo, umgomo we-meningococcal ngokuvamile uphephile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela. Eqinisweni, abantu abanesifo sikashukela bangase babe sengozini enkulu yokutheleleka okuthile, okwenza ukugonywa kubaluleke nakakhulu ukuze kuvikeleke.

Isifo sikashukela asiphazamisi ukuthi umgomo usebenza kahle kangakanani, futhi umgomo ngeke uthinte ukulawulwa kukashukela egazini lakho. Kodwa-ke, kuhlale kuhle ukwazisa umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngesifo sakho sikashukela nanoma yiziphi ezinye izimo zezokwelapha lapho nixoxa ngokugonywa.

Q2. Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngithola Ngengozi Imithamo Eminingi Yomgomo Wemeningococcal?

Uma ngengozi uthola umthamo owengeziwe womgomo wemeningococcal, ungangeni ekuvalweni. Ngenkathi kungakuhle, ukuthola imithamo eyengeziwe ngokuvamile akubangeli ukulimala okukhulu ngaphandle kokuthi kungenzeka ukwandisa amathuba emiphumela emincane engemihle efana nobuhlungu endaweni yokujova.

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze abazise ngalokho okwenzekile futhi bavuselele amarekhodi akho okugoma. Bangakunikeza iseluleko kunoma yikuphi ukuqapha okwengeziwe okungase kudingeke futhi basize ekuvikeleni ukuxubana okufanayo esikhathini esizayo.

Q3. Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngiphuthelwa Umthamo Owuhleliwe Womgomo Wemeningococcal?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo ohleliwe womgomo wemeningococcal, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze uhlele kabusha ngokushesha okukhulu. Akudingeki ukuthi uqale uchungechunge lomgomo futhi, noma sekuyisikhathi eside kusukela kumthamo wakho wokugcina.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angathola isikhathi esingcono kakhulu somthamo wakho ophuthelwe ngokuya ngokuthi sekuyisikhathi esingakanani nokuthi yiziphi izici zakho zamanje eziyingozi. Okubalulekile ukuthi uqedele uchungechunge olunconyiwe ukuze uqinisekise ukuvikelwa okugcwele.

Q4. Ngingayeka nini Ukuthatha Umgomo Wemeningococcal?

Umgomo wemeningococcal akuyona into oyithatha ngokuqhubekayo, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokuwuyeka ngendlela yendabuko. Uma usuqedile uchungechunge olunconyiwe, ungase udinge imijovo eyengeziwe ye-booster ngokuya ngezici zakho eziqhubekayo zengozi.

Abantu abaningi abathola umgomo njengoba kunconyiwe ebusheni banokuvikelwa okuhlala iminyaka eminingi. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angakusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi ungadinga nini imijovo eyengeziwe ye-booster ngokuya ngezimo zakho.

Q5. Ngingayithola yini umgomo we-Meningococcal uma ngikhulelwe?

Umjovo we-meningococcal unganikezwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa uma izinzuzo zidlula izingozi. Nakuba kuvame ukukhethwa ukuthola imigomo ngaphambi kokukhulelwa, zikhona izimo lapho ukugonywa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kunconywa.

Uma ukhulelwe futhi usengozini enkulu yokuthola isifo se-meningococcal, noma uma kuqubuka ekhaya lakho, umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase ancome ukugonywa. Umgomo awukabonakali ukuthi ulimaza izingane ezisakhula, futhi empeleni unganikeza ukuvikelwa okuthile kumntwana wakho osanda kuzalwa ngama-antibody adluliswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.