Yini Umgomo Wemeningococcal: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni Nokunye

Umjovo wemeningococcal ukulondoloza ngokumelene nesifo se-meningococcal, isifo esibucayi esibangelwa amagciwane esingabangela i-meningitis kanye nezifo zegazi. Lo mjovo ungomunye wamathuluzi asebenzayo kakhulu esinawo ukuvimbela lezi zimo ezingase zibe yingozi empilweni, futhi kutuswa njalo kubantu abasha, abafundi basekolishi, kanye namaqembu athile ayingozi enkulu.

Uyini Umgomo Wemeningococcal?

Umjovo wemeningococcal uyisibhamu sokuvimbela esisiza amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi aqaphele futhi alwe namagciwane e-meningococcal. Lawa magciwane angabangela i-meningitis, okuyisifo sokuvuvukala kwamalunga okuvikela ubuchopho bakho nomgogodla, kanye ne-septicemia, isifo esibucayi segazi.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemigomo ye-meningococcal etholakalayo, ngayinye ivikela ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zamagciwane. Ezivamile zivikela kuma-serogroups A, C, W, kanye no-Y (abizwa nge-MenACWY), kanti enye ivikela kuma-serogroup B (abizwa nge-MenB). Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzoncoma ukuthi iyiphi uhlobo olungcono kakhulu esimweni sakho esithile.

Usetshenziselwani Umgomo Wemeningococcal?

Lo mjovo uvimbela isifo se-meningococcal, esingahlasela kungazelelwe futhi siqhubeke ngokushesha. Amagciwane abangela lesi sifo ahlala ngokwemvelo ngemuva kwekhala lakho nomphimbo, futhi ngenkathi abantu abaningi bewathwala ngaphandle kokugula, ngezinye izikhathi angahlasela igazi lakho noma uketshezi oluzungeze ubuchopho bakho nomgogodla.

Umjovo ubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abasha nentsha ngoba basengozini enkulu yesifo se-meningococcal. Abafundi basekolishi abasha abahlala emakamelweni okulala, abaqeqeshwa bezempi, kanye nabantu abahamba ezingxenyeni ezithile zomhlaba lapho lesi sifo sivamile khona nabo bayazuza kakhulu ekugonyeni.

Abantu abanezimo ezithile zezokwelapha ezenza buthaka amasosha omzimba, njengalabo abangenawo umnkantsha osebenzayo noma abanezinkinga ze-complement, badinga lo mithi wokugomela ukuze bathole ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe. Abasebenzi bezempilo nabasebenzi baselebhu abangase babe sengozini yokuthintana namagciwane nabo bayaluthola lo mgomo njengesinyathelo sokuphepha.

Isebenza Kanjani Imithi Yokugomela I-Meningococcal?

Umuthi wokugomela i-meningococcal usebenza ngokuqeqesha amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi aqaphele futhi alwe namagciwane e-meningococcal ngaphambi kokuthi abangele isifo. Iqukethe izingxenye zamagciwane noma izinguqulo ezibuthakathaka ezingakwazi ukubangela ukugula kodwa zisashukumisa izindlela zokuzivikela zomzimba wakho.

Uma usuthola umuthi wokugomela, amasosha akho omzimba akha ama-antibody aklanyelwe ngqo ukuhlasela amagciwane e-meningococcal. Le nqubo ithatha cishe amasonto amabili, ngemva kwalokho uzoba nokuvikeleka okuqinile esifweni. Umuthi wokugomela uthathwa njengosebenza kahle kakhulu, uvimbela cishe ama-85-100% wamacala kuye ngohlobo oluthile.

Lona umuthi wokugomela oqinile nothembekile onikeza ukuvikeleka okuhlala isikhathi eside. Abantu abaningi abawutholayo bathuthukisa ukuzivikela okuhlala iminyaka eminingi, nakuba abanye bengase badinge imijovo yokuthuthukisa ngokuya ngezici zabo zengozi kanye neminyaka yobudala lapho beqala ukugonywa.

Kufanele Ngithathe Kanjani Umuthi Wokugomela I-Meningococcal?

Umuthi wokugomela i-meningococcal unikezwa njengomjovo, kungaba emsipheni wengalo yakho engenhla (intramuscular) noma ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho (subcutaneous). Ngokuvamile, abahlinzeki bezempilo bawunikeza njengomjovo we-intramuscular, ovame ukusebenza kahle futhi ubangele ukusabela okuncane kwendawo.

Akudingeki ukuthi wenze noma yini ekhethekile ukulungiselela umuthi wokugomela - akukho ukuzila ukudla noma imikhawulo yokudla okudingekayo. Nokho, kuyasiza ukugqoka ihembe elinemikhono evulekile engagxishulwa kalula. Uma uzizwa ungazizwa kahle ngomkhuhlane, kungcono ukulinda uze uzizwe ungcono ngaphambi kokugonywa.

Umjovo ngokwawo uthatha imizuzwana embalwa nje, futhi ngokuvamile uzolinda emtholampilo imizuzu engu-15-20 ngemuva kwalokho ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi awunazo izimpendulo ngokushesha. Lesi sikhathi sokulinda siyisinyathelo esijwayelekile sokuphepha ngemithi eminingi yokugoma futhi sisiza ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwakho.

Abanye abantu bathola umuthi wokugoma emsipheni wethanga labo esikhundleni sengalo yabo, ikakhulukazi izinsana nezingane ezincane. Indawo ayinayo imiphumela ekusebenzeni kahle komuthi wokugoma - kumayelana nje nokuthi yini ekhululekile futhi efanele iminyaka yakho nosayizi womzimba wakho.

Kufanele Ngithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani Umuthi Wokugoma We-Meningococcal?

Umuthi wokugoma we-meningococcal akuyona into oyithatha ngokuqhubekayo njengemithi yansuku zonke. Kunalokho, unikezwa njengochungechunge lwemijovo eyodwa noma eminingi kuye ngeminyaka yakho nezici eziyingozi.

Intsha eningi ithola umthamo owodwa eneminyaka engu-11-12 kanye nomjovo wokuthuthukisa eneminyaka engu-16. Lesi sikhathi siqinisekisa ukuvikelwa phakathi neminyaka enobungozi obukhulu. Uma uthola umthamo wakho wokuqala njengomuntu osemusha omdala, ungase udinge umjovo wokuthuthukisa uma usahlala engozini eyengeziwe.

Kubantu abanobungozi obukhulu, njengalabo abanezimo ezithile zesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, uhlelo lokugoma lungase luhluke. Abanye abantu badinga imithamo njalo eminyakeni embalwa ukuze bagcine ukuvikelwa, kanti abanye bangase badinge imithamo eyengeziwe yezinhlobo ezahlukene zemithi yokugoma ye-meningococcal.

Abafundi basekolishi abathole umthamo wabo wokugcina ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-16 kufanele bathole umjovo wokuthuthukisa ngaphambi kokuqala ekolishi, ikakhulukazi uma bezohlala emakamelweni okulala. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzosiza ekunqumeni uhlelo olufanele esimweni sakho esithile.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni Yomuthi Wokugoma We-Meningococcal?

Abantu abaningi abathola umuthi wokugoma we-meningococcal bathola kuphela imiphumela emincane emibi, uma ikhona. Izimpendulo ezivamile zenzeka ngqo endaweni yokujova futhi zixazululwa zodwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Nansi imiphumela emibi ongase uyithole, futhi kujwayelekile ngokuphelele ukuba neminye yalezi zimpendulo njengoba umzimba wakho wakha ukuzivikela:

• Ubuhlungu, ukubomvu, noma ukuvuvukala endaweni yokujova
• Umkhuhlane olula noma ukuzizwa ungaphilile kancane
• Ikhanda noma izinhlungu zemisipha
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele noma ukucasuka
• Isicanucanu esilula noma ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla

Le miphumela emibi ejwayelekile ivame ukuhlala izinsuku eziyi-1-2 futhi iyizimpawu zokuthi amasosha akho omzimba asabela kahle emgomeni. Ungasebenzisa imithi yokwelapha ubuhlungu etholakala ngaphandle kwekhawunta futhi usebenzise indwangu ebandayo, emanzi endaweni yokujova ukuze uzizwe ukhululekile.

Imiphumela emibi engathi sína ayivamile kakhulu kodwa ingabandakanya ukusabela okukhulu komzimba. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngemizuzu embalwa ngemva kokuthola umgomo, yingakho abahlinzeki bezempilo bekulindisa esibhedlela ngemva kokuthola umjovo wakho. Izimpawu zokuphendula okungathi sína zihlanganisa ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala kobuso bakho noma umphimbo, noma isiyezi esikhulu.

Abanye abantu bazizwa bephenduka ngemva kokugonywa, ikakhulukazi intsha. Lokhu akuyona ingozi futhi akusho ukuthi umgomo uyalimaza - ngokuvamile kuhlobene nokukhathazeka ngamajwazi noma ukuma isikhathi eside. Abahlinzeki bezempilo balungiselelwe lokhu futhi bazokusiza uma kwenzeka.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole Umgomo Wama-Meningococcal?

Ngenkathi umgomo wama-meningococcal uphephile kubantu abaningi, zikhona izimo ezithile lapho kufanele ulinde noma ugweme ukugonywa. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ngabe uke waba nokusabela okukhulu komzimba emthini womgomo wama-meningococcal wangaphambilini noma kunoma yiziphi izithako zawo.

Uma ugula njengamanje ngesifo esilinganiselwe noma esibi, ikakhulukazi uma unomkhuhlane, kungcono ukulinda uze uzizwe ungcono ngaphambi kokugonywa. Lokhu akusho ukuthi awukwazi ukuthola umgomo nakancane - kusho nje ukuthi isikhathi sibalulekile ukuze uzizwe ukhululekile nokusebenza kahle komgomo.

Abantu abanezifo ezithile ezinzima zesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela emzimbeni kungenzeka bangasabeli kahle emgomeni, nakuba abaningi bengawuthola ngokuphepha. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzohlola isimo sakho esithile futhi anqume ukuthi ukugonywa kufanelekile yini kuwe.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe bangathola umgomo we-meningococcal uma besengozini enkulu yokuthola isifo se-meningococcal, kodwa isinqumo kufanele senziwe ngokucophelela nodokotela wabo. Umgomo awukahlolisiswa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, nakuba kungekho okukhathazayo ngokuqondene nokuphepha okuye kwabonakala.

Amagama Omkhiqizo Womgomo We-Meningococcal

Kukhona imigomo ehlukene ye-meningococcal etholakalayo, ngamunye unamagama awo omkhiqizo. Imigomo ye-MenACWY ihlanganisa i-Menactra ne-Menveo, kokubili okuvikelayo kuma-serogroups A, C, W, kanye no-Y.

Ukuze kuvikelwe ku-serogroup B, imigomo etholakalayo yi-Bexsero ne-Trumenba. Le yimigomo emisha eqondiswe ngqo ku-B strain, ebeyibangela ukuqubuka okuningi emakhempasini ekolishi eminyakeni yamuva.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzokhetha umgomo ofanele kakhulu ngokuya ngeminyaka yakho, izici eziyingozi, nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ozidingayo ukuze uzivikele. Ngezinye izikhathi ungase uthole imigomo evela kubakhiqizi abahlukene ngezikhathi ezihlukene, okuyinto ephephile futhi esebenza kahle.

Ezinye Izindlela Zomgomo We-Meningococcal

Akukho okunye ngempela emgomweni we-meningococcal uma kuziwa ekuvikeleni isifo se-meningococcal. Ama-antibiotics angelapha lesi sifo uma sesenzekile, kodwa awukwazi ukusivimbela, futhi isifo se-meningococcal siqhubeka ngokushesha kangangokuthi ukuvimbela ngokugoma kungcono kakhulu kunokwelashwa.

Abanye abantu bayazibuza ngomzimba wemvelo, kodwa isifo se-meningococcal sibi kakhulu futhi singabulala kangangokuthi ukuncika ekuthelelekeni kwemvelo ukuze uthole ukuzivikela akuyona inketho ephephile. Umgomo unikeza ukuvikelwa okuphephe kakhulu ngaphandle kwezingozi ezihambisana nesifo sangempela.

Kubantu abangakwazi nhlobo ukuthola umgomo ngenxa yezizathu zezokwelapha, ukugwema izimo eziyingozi ezinjengezindawo zokuhlala ezigcwele kunganciphisa kancane ingozi, kodwa lokhu akuyona isu lokuvimbela elisebenzayo noma elithembekile kubantu abaningi.

Ingabe Umgomo Wemeningococcal Ungcono Kunezifo Zomgomo Womoya?

Umgomo wemeningococcal kanye nomgomo we-pneumococcal bavikela ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zamagciwane, ngakho-ke abaqhathaniseki ngempela mayelana nokuthi "bangcono" kunomunye. Bobabili bangemigomo ebalulekile evimbela izifo ezinzima.

Umgomo we-Pneumococcal uvikela emagciwaneni e-pneumococcal, avame ukubangela umkhuhlane wamaphaphu, izifo zendlebe, futhi ngezinye izikhathi i-meningitis. Umgomo we-Meningococcal uvikela ngokuqondile emagciwaneni e-meningococcal, avame kakhulu ukubangela i-meningitis nezifo zegazi.

Abantu abaningi badinga yomibili le migomo ngoba ivikela ezifweni ezihlukene. Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzoncoma ukuthi yimiphi imigomo oyidingayo ngokuya ngeminyaka yakho, izimo zempilo, nezici eziyingozi. Yomibili le migomo isebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvikeleni izifo zayo.

Isikhathi kanye nemvamisa yale migomo nakho kwehlukile. Imigomo ye-Pneumococcal ivame ukunikezwa ebusheni nakubantu abadala, kanti imigomo ye-meningococcal ngokuvamile inikezwa intsha kanye nabantu abadala abasebancane, nakuba kokubili kunganikezwa ngeminyaka ehlukene kuye ngezici eziyingozi.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nomgomo Wemeningococcal

Q1. Ingabe Umgomo Wemeningococcal Uphephile Kubantu Abanesifo Sikashukela?

Yebo, umgomo wemeningococcal uphephile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela. Eqinisweni, abantu abanesifo sikashukela bangase babe sengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo ezithile, ngakho-ke ukugonywa kubaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni impilo enhle.

Isifo sikashukela asiphazamisi ukuthi umgomo usebenza kahle kangakanani, futhi umgomo awuthinti ukulawulwa kukashukela egazini. Ungathola umgomo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi kungakhathaliseki amazinga akho kashukela egazini, nakuba uma uzizwa ungaphilile ngenxa yesifo sikashukela esingalawuleki kahle, ungase ufune ukulinda uze uzizwe ungcono.

Q2. Ngingenzani uma ngithola ngengozi imithamo eminingi yomgomo we-Meningococcal?

Uma ngabe uthole umthamo owengeziwe womgomo wokugomela i-meningococcal ngengozi, ungakhathazeki - lokhu akuyingozi. Imithamo eyengeziwe ayibangeli imiphumela eyingozi ngaphandle kokuthi ingase ikhulise amathuba emiphumeleni emincane engemihle efana nobuhlungu endaweni yokujova.

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze abazise ngalokho okwenzekile ukuze bakwazi ukubuyekeza amarekhodi akho okugoma. Bazokusiza ukuthi uthole uhlelo olufanele oluzayo futhi baqinisekise ukuthi awutholi imithamo eyengeziwe engadingekile.

Q3. Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngedlula Umthamo Womgomo We-Meningococcal Ohleliwe?

Uma udlula umthamo ohleliwe womgomo we-meningococcal, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze uhlele kabusha ngokushesha okukhulu. Akudingeki ukuthi uqale kabusha uchungechunge lonke lokugoma - vele uthole umthamo owuphuthelwe uma kulula.

Akukho mkhawulo wesikhathi esiphezulu wokuqeda uchungechunge lokugoma, ngakho-ke noma ngabe isikhathi esiningi sidlulile, usengawuthola umgomo futhi uthole ukuvikeleka. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzosiza ekunqumeni isikhathi esingcono somthamo wakho wokubamba.

Q4. Ngingayeka Nini Ukuthola Ama-Boosters Omjovo We-Meningococcal?

Abantu abaningi abadingi ama-boosters omgomo we-meningococcal njalo empilweni yabo. Isincomo esijwayelekile sivame ukuba semithamini ngesikhathi sobusha, ngama-boosters adingeka ikakhulukazi kubantu abasengozini ephezulu eqhubekayo.

Uma usengozini emaphakathi, cishe uzodinga kuphela imithamo yentsha futhi mhlawumbe i-booster uma uya ekolishi. Abantu abanezimo ezithile zezokwelapha noma ukuchayeka emsebenzini bangase badinge ama-boosters ngezikhathi ezithile empilweni yabo, okuzosizwa umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuthi akulandele.

Q5. Ngingawuthola Umgomo We-Meningococcal Uma Ngincelisa?

Yebo, ungafunda ngokuphepha umgomo we-meningococcal ngenkathi uncelisa. Umgomo awudluli ebanjini ngendlela ezolimaza ingane yakho, futhi ukugoma kungase kunikeze nokuvikeleka okuthile enganeni yakho ngama-antibodies obisini lwakho.

Ukuncelisa akuthinti ukuthi umgomo usebenza kahle kangakanani kuwe. Uma usengozini enkulu yokugula nge-meningococcal, njengokuhlala ezindaweni ezigcwele abantu noma ukuya ezindaweni eziyingozi kakhulu, ukugonywa ngenkathi uncelisa nakanjani kuyatuswa.