Yini Umgomo We-Meningococcal (Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate, Quadrivalent)? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa Kwasekhaya

Umjovo we-meningococcal one-tetanus toxoid conjugate (quadrivalent) uyisihlangu esinamandla esikuvikela ezinhlotsheni ezine eziyingozi zamagciwane e-meningococcal. Lo mjovo uhlanganisa amandla e-tetanus toxoid nokuvikelwa kwe-meningococcal, okudala ukuvikeleka okuqinile ezifweni ezingathi sína ezingathinta ubuchopho bakho nomgogodla.

Cabanga ngalo mjovo njengokufundisa amasosha omzimba wakho ukuthi aqaphele futhi alwe namagciwane ayingozi ngaphambi kokuba abangele ukugula. Ingxenye ethi "quadrivalent" isho ukuthi ivikela ezinhlotsheni ezine ezihlukene zamagciwane e-meningococcal, ikunikeza ukuvikelwa okuphelele ezinhlotsheni ezivame kakhulu ezibangela izifo.

Uyini Umgomo We-Meningococcal (Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate, Quadrivalent)?

Lo mjovo ukuhlanganiswa kokugomela okuvikela esifweni se-meningococcal futhi kuqinise ukuzivikela kwakho ku-tetanus. Iqukethe izingcezu zamagciwane amane ahlukene e-meningococcal (izinhlobo A, C, W, kanye no-Y) ezixhunywe kuphrotheni ye-tetanus toxoid.

I-tetanus toxoid isebenza njengomthunywa osizayo, yenza amasosha omzimba wakho anake kangcono izingxenye ze-meningococcal. Lokhu kudala impendulo yamasosha omzimba eqinile, ehlala isikhathi eside kunezithako zemithi yokugoma yendabuko. Abahlinzeki bezempilo bavame ukunikeza lo mjovo njengomjovo owodwa emsipheni wengalo yakho engenhla.

Umjovo ubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abasha nentsha, njengoba bebhekene nezingozi eziphakeme zesifo se-meningococcal. Kuyanconywa futhi kubantu abanezimo ezithile zezokwelapha noma labo abahamba ezindaweni lapho isifo se-meningococcal sivamile.

Kuzwakala Kanjani Ukuthola Umgomo We-Meningococcal?

Ukuthola lo mjovo kuzwakala kufana nokuthola noma yimuphi umgomo ojwayelekile. Uzothola ukuchofoza okusheshayo noma ukubhoboza lapho inaliti ingena emsipheni wengalo yakho engenhla, okuthatha imizuzwana embalwa.

Abantu abaningi bachaza ukuzwa njengokufushane futhi okulawulekayo, okufana nomjovo womkhuhlane. Ingalo yakho ingase izizwe ithambile noma ibuhlungu endaweni yokujova usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili ngemva kwalokho, okujwayelekile ngokuphelele futhi kubonisa ukuthi amasosha akho omzimba ayasabela emutheni.

Abanye abantu baqaphela ububomvu obuncane noma ukuvuvukala lapho bethole khona umjovo. Lezi zimo ziyindlela yomzimba yakho yemvelo yokwakha ukuvikelwa emabhaktheriya, futhi ngokuvamile zixazululeka phakathi kwamahora angama-24 kuya kwangama-48 ngaphandle kokwelashwa.

Yini ebangela isidingo sokugonywa kwe-Meningococcal?

Isidingo salo mgomo sivela osongelweni olukhulu olubangelwa amabhaktheriya e-meningococcal, angabangela izifo ezisongela impilo. Lawa mabhaktheriya ahlala ngokwemvelo emakhaleni nasemqaleni wabantu abangaba ngu-10% ngaphandle kokubangela ukugula, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi angahlasela ngqo emsingeni wegazi noma ebuchosheni.

Izici eziningana zenza ukugonywa kudingeke emiphakathini yethu:

• Amabhaktheriya e-Meningococcal asakazeka kalula ngamaconsi okuphefumula avela ekukhwehleni, ekuthimuleni, noma ekuthintaneni okuseduze
• Lesi sifo singaqhubeka ngokushesha, ngezinye izikhathi kungakapheli amahora, okwenza ukuvimbela kusenesikhathi kubalulekile
• Abantu abadala abasha abahlala ezindaweni eziseduze (njengama-dorm college) babhekana nezingozi eziphakeme zokudlulisela izifo
• Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha zenza buthaka ikhono lamasosha omzimba lokulwa nala mabhaktheriya
• Ukuvakasha ezindaweni ezinamazinga aphezulu ezifo kwandisa ingozi yokuchayeka

Ngaphandle kokugonywa, ngisho nabantu abanempilo bangathuthukisa izinkinga ezinkulu ezivela esifweni se-meningococcal. Umgomo unikeza ukuvikelwa okubalulekile ngaphambi kokuthi ukuchayeka kwenzeke, lapho amasosha akho omzimba engakha khona izivikelo ngokuphepha.

Yiziphi izimo umgomo we-Meningococcal ovikela kuzo?

Lo mgomo ngokuyinhloko uvikela esifweni se-meningococcal, esingabonakala ngezinhlobo eziningana ezinzima. Isimo esivame kakhulu futhi esiyingozi yi-bacterial meningitis, lapho amabhaktheriya enza ngayo izicubu ezivikelayo ezimboza ubuchopho bakho nomgogodla.

Umjovo futhi ukukhushela emeningococcemia, isifo esibucayi segazi esingaholela ekwehleni kwezitho zomzimba. Zombili lezi zimo zingathuthuka ngokushesha futhi zibe yingozi ekuphileni emahoreni ambalwa, okwenza ukuvimbela ngomjovo kubaluleke kakhulu.

Nazi izimo ezinkulu lo mjovo osiza ukuzivimbela:

• I-Bacterial meningitis - ukutheleleka kobuchopho kanye nezicubu zomgogodla
• I-Meningococcemia - ukutheleleka kwegazi okungadala ukulimala kwezitho zomzimba
• Umkhuhlane obangelwa amagciwane e-meningococcal
• Ukutheleleka kwamalunga (i-septic arthritis) evela emagciwaneni e-meningococcal
• Ukutheleleka kwamavalvu enhliziyo ezimweni ezingavamile

Ukuvikeleka komjovo kugxila ezinhlotsheni ezine ezivame kakhulu ezibangela izifo (A, C, W, kanye no-Y), ezibangela iningi lezifo ezinzima ze-meningococcal ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba.

Ingabe imiphumela emibi yomjovo inganyamalala yodwa?

Yebo, imiphumela eminingi emibi evela emjovweni we-meningococcal inyamalala ngokuphelele yodwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Umzimba wakho ngokwemvelo usebenzisa izingxenye zomjovo futhi noma yiziphi izindlela ezithambile zivame ukuncipha njengoba amasosha akho omzimba eqeda ukwakha ukuvikeleka.

Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu yizindlela zendawo lapho kujovwa khona, njengobuhlungu, ububomvu, noma ukuvuvukala okuncane. Lokhu kuvame ukufinyelela ezingeni eliphezulu emahoreni angama-24 futhi kuthuthuke kancane ngosuku olulandelayo noma ezimbili ngaphandle kokudinga noma yikuphi ukwelashwa okukhethekile.

Izindlela ezithambile zesistimu njengomkhuhlane ophansi, ikhanda elibuhlungu, noma ukuzizwa ukhathele kungenzeka kodwa ngokuvamile zinyamalala emahoreni angama-48. Amasosha akho omzimba amane enza umsebenzi wawo wokufunda ukuqaphela nokulwa namagciwane umjovo owavikela kuwo.

Zingelashwa kanjani imiphumela emibi yomjovo ekhaya?

Ungaphatha imiphumela eminingi emibi yomjovo ngokunethezeka ekhaya ngokunakekela okulula, okumnene. Lezi zindlela zingasiza ukudambisa noma yikuphi ukungakhululeki ngenkathi umzimba wakho wakha ukuzivikela.

Ukuze uthole ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala lapho kujovwa khona, zama lezi zindlela ezithambisayo:

• Sebenzisa indwangu ehlanzekile, epholile, emanzi endaweni yokujova imizuzu engu-10-15 izikhathi eziningana ngosuku
• Hambisa ingalo yakho ngokuqhubekayo ukuvimbela ukuqina
• Gwema ukukhuhla noma ukubhucunga indawo yokujova
• Gqoka izingubo ezikhululekile ukuze ugweme ukucasula le ndawo

Uma uba nomkhuhlane omncane noma ubuhlungu emzimbeni, cabangela ukuthatha i-acetaminophen noma i-ibuprofen ngokwemiyalelo yephakheji. Hlala unamanzi ngokwanele futhi uthole ukuphumula okuningi ukuze usekele umsebenzi womzimba wakho wokuzivikela ekuguleni.

Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zasekhaya zingahlinzeka ngenduduzo ngenkathi umzimba wakho ululama ngokwemvelo enqubweni yokugoma.

Yini ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kwezimpawu ezinzima zokugoma?

Izimpawu ezinzima zokugoma i-meningococcal azivamile kakhulu, kodwa ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bakulungele kahle ukuzisingatha uma zenzeka. Izikhungo eziningi zezempilo lapho kunikezwa khona imithi yokugoma zifinyelela ngokushesha emithini esheshayo nemishini.

Izimpawu ezinzima zokungezwani komzimba (i-anaphylaxis) zidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha kwezokwelapha nge-epinephrine neminye imithi esheshayo. Abahlinzeki bezempilo bavame ukubuka iziguli imizuzu engu-15-20 ngemuva kokugoma ukuqinisekisa ukuthi noma yiziphi izimpawu ezinzima zibanjwa futhi zelashwe ngokushesha.

Ngezimpawu ezingezona ezinzima kodwa ezikhathazayo, odokotela bangase batusa ama-antihistamine ngezimpawu ezinjenge-allergic noma ezinye izindlela zokunakekela ezisekelayo. Okubalulekile ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezibonakala zingavamile noma zinzima ngemuva kokugoma.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ngemuva kokuthola Umgomo we-Meningococcal?

Kufanele uthinte umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezibonakala zinzima kunezimpawu ezijwayelekile zokugoma noma uma izimpawu ezilula zingathuthuki njengoba kulindelekile. Izinkinga eziningi zingaxazululwa ngocingo olulula ehhovisi likadokotela wakho.

Funani ukwelashwa ngokushesha kwezokwelapha uma uba nanoma yiziphi lezi zimpawu zokuxwayisa:

• Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ukukhwehlela
• Ukuvuvukala ebusweni bakho, izindebe, ulimi, noma umphimbo
• Izinduna ezinzima noma ukuqubuka okusabalalele
• Umkhuhlane ophezulu (ngaphezu kuka-101°F) ongayiphenduli imithi
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu elinamandla entanyeni
• Ukuphalaza okuqhubekayo noma izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni

Futhi xhumana nodokotela wakho uma ububomvu noma ukuvuvukala endaweni yokujova kuya ngokuya ngemva kwamahora angama-48, noma uma uqala ukuba nezimpawu ezikukhathazayo. Abahlinzeki bezempilo bakhetha ukuhlola izinkathazo kunokuba ukhathazeke ngokungadingekile.

Ziyini izici eziyingozi zokudinga lo mithi wokugoma?

Amaqembu athile abantu abhekene nezingozi eziphakeme zesifo se-meningococcal futhi azuza ikakhulukazi kulokhu kugonywa. Iminyaka idlala indima ebalulekile, ngentsha kanye nabantu abadala abasebancane abasengozini enkulu phakathi neminyaka yabo yokuphila komphakathi.

Abafundi basekolishi abahlala emakamelweni okulala babhekene nezingozi eziphakeme ngenxa yezindawo zokuhlala eziseduze nokwanda kokuxhumana komphakathi. Abaqeqeshwa bezempi kanye namanye amaqembu ahlala ezindaweni ezigcwele nabo bazuza kakhulu ekuvikelweni kokugonywa.

Izimo zezokwelapha ezikhuphula ukubaluleka kokugonywa kwakho zihlanganisa:

• Ukushoda kwe-Complement (izifo zesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela)
• I-Asplenia (ubukhona noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwesibindi)
• Ukutheleleka nge-HIV
• Ukunatha imithi ecindezela isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela
• Ezinye izimo zofuzo ezithinta ukuzivikela emzimbeni

Ukuya ezindaweni ezinamazinga aphezulu esifo se-meningococcal, njengasezingxenyeni ze-sub-Saharan Africa, nakho kuyakhuphula ingozi yakho nesidingo sokugonywa. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angasiza ekutholeni ukuthi ungena kunoma iyiphi imikhakha enengozi enkulu.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona zokungagonywa?

Inkinga enkulu kakhulu yokweqa ukugonywa kwe-meningococcal ukuthuthukisa isifo sangempela, esingaba yingozi futhi ngezinye izikhathi sibulale. Isifo se-meningococcal siqhubeka ngokushesha futhi singabangela umonakalo unomphela ngisho noma selashwa ngokushesha.

I-meningitis ebangelwa amagciwane ingaholela ekulimaleni kobuchopho, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, noma izinkinga zokufunda eziqhubeka impilo yonke. Lokhu kutheleleka kungabangela nokuhlaselwa yizithuthwane, unhlangothi, noma izinkinga zokuqonda ezinomthelela omkhulu ezingeni lakho lempilo.

Izinkinga ezinzima ezivela esifweni se-meningococcal zihlanganisa:

• Ukwelahlekelwa ukuzwa unomphela noma ubumpumputhe
• Umonakalo wobuchopho othinta inkumbulo, ukugxila, noma ukuxhumana
• Ukunqunywa kwesitho ngenxa yokutheleleka okukhulu kwegazi
• Ukwehluleka kwezinso okudinga ukuhlanjululwa okuqhubekayo
• Ukwenziwa kwezibazi nokufakelwa kwesikhumba ngenxa yokulimala kwesicubu
• Ukufa ezigamekweni eziyi-10-20%, ngisho nangemithi

Ngisho nabasindile bavame ukubhekana nezikhathi ezinde zokululama futhi kungenzeka bangaphinde babuyele ezingeni labo langaphambilini lokusebenza. Ukugonywa kuvimbela lezi ziphumela ezibhubhisayo ngokwakha ukuzivikela ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale ukuchayeka.

Ingabe umgomo we-Meningococcal muhle noma mubi ohlelweni lwakho lokuzivikela?

Umjovo we-meningococcal muhle kakhulu ohlelweni lwakho lokuzivikela, unikeza ukuqeqeshwa okubalulekile okuqinisa izivikelo zemvelo zomzimba wakho. Esikhundleni sokunciphisa ukuzivikela, imigomo ifundisa uhlelo lwakho lokuzivikela ukuthi luqaphele futhi lulwe namagciwane athile ayingozi ngempumelelo enkulu.

Lo mgomo usebenza ngokubonisa uhlelo lwakho lokuzivikela izingcezu eziphephile zamagciwane e-meningococcal, okuvumela ukuthi liqeqeshe impendulo yalo ngaphandle kwengozi yesifo sangempela. Uhlelo lwakho lokuzivikela ludala ama-antibody namaseli enkumbulo ahlala elungele ukukuvikela uma uhlangana namagciwane angempela kamuva.

Ingxenye ye-tetanus toxoid isebenza njenge-adjuvant, empeleni ithuthukisa impendulo yakho yokuzivikela futhi yenza ukuvikelwa kube namandla futhi kuhlale isikhathi eside. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uthola ukuzivikela okungcono esifweni se-meningococcal kunalokho obungakuthola ekuthelelekeni kwemvelo, ngaphandle kwezingozi ezihambisana nesifo sangempela.

Yini okungase kuthathwe njengokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokuphendula umgomo?

Ukuphendula okuncane komgomo ngezinye izikhathi kungase kudidaniswe nezigaba zokuqala zokutheleleka noma ezinye izifo, ikakhulukazi uma zenzeka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokugonywa. Isikhathi singenza kubonakale sengathi umgomo ubangele inkinga enkulu kunalokho okwenzeka ngempela.

Ukuqaqamba nokubomvu endaweni yokujova kungase kudidaniswe ne-cellulitis (ukutheleleka kwesikhumba), kodwa ukusabela komgomo kuvame ukuhlala endaweni yokujova ngqo. Ukutheleleka kwangempela kuvame ukusabalala ngaphandle futhi kube kubi kakhulu ngokuqhubekayo kunokuba kuthuthuke ngemuva kosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili.

Ukuqondakala okujwayelekile okuhlanganisa:

• Ukudida umkhuhlane wokuzivikela emzimbeni ojwayelekile nomkhuhlane noma okunye ukutheleleka
• Ukudida ukusabela endaweni yokujova nokutheleleka kwesikhumba okungathi sína
• Ukuhlobanisa ukugula okungahlobene nomgomo lapho isikhathi sihambisana
• Ukucabanga ukuthi ukukhathala okuncane kusho ukuthi umgomo "ukwenza ugule"

Khumbula ukuthi ukuzizwa ungaphilile ngemuva kokugonywa ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi amasosha akho omzimba ayasabela ngendlela efanele ukwakha ukuvikeleka. Izifo zangempela ezihlobene nomgomo zivamile kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nezinzuzo zokugoma.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nomgomo we-Meningococcal

Q1. Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuvikeleka emgomweni we-meningococcal?

Umgomo we-meningococcal unikeza ukuvikeleka okuqinile cishe iminyaka emi-5, nakuba okunye ukuzivikela kungase kuhlale isikhathi eside. Amazinga akho ama-antibody ancipha kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yingakho imijovo ye-booster inconywa kubantu abasengozini ephezulu eqhubekayo.

Kubantu abaningi, ukuvikeleka okutholwe ngesikhathi sobusha kubahlanganisa ngeminyaka yabo engozini enkulu. Abafundi basekolishi nentsha ezikhulile zizuza kakhulu kulesi sikhathi, njengoba bebhekene nezingozi ezinkulu zokuchayeka ngesikhathi sobusha obusemva kweminyaka yobudala obungama-twenties.

Q2. Ngingawuthola umgomo we-meningococcal uma ngikhulelwe?

Abesifazane abakhulelwe bangathola umgomo we-meningococcal uma izinzuzo zidlula izingozi, njengasekuqubukeni kwezifo noma uma beya ezindaweni eziyingozi kakhulu. Umgomo awaziwa ukuthi ubangela ingozi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kodwa ngokuvamile unikezwa kuphela uma kudingeka ngokusobala.

Uma ukhulelwe futhi ucabangela ukugonywa, xoxa ngesimo sakho esithile nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Bangakwazi ukusiza ukulinganisa izici zakho eziyingozi futhi banqume isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokugonywa.

Q3. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwalo mgomo neminye imigomo ye-meningococcal?

Lo mgomo we-tetanus toxoid conjugate unikeza ukuzivikela okunamandla, okuhlala isikhathi eside uma kuqhathaniswa nemigomo emidala ye-polysaccharide. Ingxenye ye-tetanus toxoid isiza amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi aqaphele futhi akhumbule amagciwane e-meningococcal ngempumelelo.

Kukhona futhi nomgomo we-serogroup B meningococcal ovikela ohlotsheni oluhlukile lwebhaktheriya. Abanye abantu bangase badinge zombili izinhlobo zemigomo kuye ngezici zabo eziyingozi kanye neminyaka yobudala.

Q4. Ngingakwazi yini ukuthola eminye imigomo ngesikhathi esifanayo nomgomo we-meningococcal?

Yebo, ungaqonywa ngokuphepha ngomgomo we-meningococcal kanye neminye imigomo ejwayelekile ngesikhathi esifanayo sokuvakasha. Abahlinzeki bezempilo bavame ukuhlela imigomo eminingi ukuze banciphise inani lokuqokwa okudingayo.

Imigomo kufanele inikezwe ezindaweni ezihlukene zokujova, ngokuvamile ezingalweni eziphambene uma kungenzeka. Lokhu akunciphisi ukusebenza komgomo ngamunye futhi kungakusiza ukuthi uhlale unolwazi lwakamuva ngayo yonke imigomo yakho enconyiwe.

Q5. Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuthelwe ukugonywa kwami okuhleliwe kwe-meningococcal?

Uma uphuthelwe ukugonywa kwakho okuhleliwe, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze uhlele kabusha ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Akunasidingo sokuqala kabusha uchungechunge lomgomo - ungaqhubeka nje lapho ogcine khona.

Umjovo usebenza ngisho noma unikezwe ngemuva kwesikhathi obekuhlelwe ngaso. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angakusiza ukuthi unqume isikhathi esingcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yakho yamanje, isimo sempilo, kanye nezici eziyingozi zesifo se-meningococcal.