

Health Library
October 10, 2025
Question on this topic? Get an instant answer from August.
I-Meperidine kanye ne-promethazine injection kuyinhlanganisela enamandla yomuthi wokwelapha ubuhlungu odokotela abawunikeza ngomjovo emsipheni wakho noma emthanjeni. Lo muthi uhlanganisa i-meperidine (umelaphi obuhlungu onamandla we-opioid) ne-promethazine (i-antihistamine esiza ukuvimbela isicanucanu futhi inezela ekukhululweni kobuhlungu). Abahlinzeki bezempilo bavame ukusebenzisa lo mjovo uma udinga ukulawulwa kobuhlungu obuqondile, obunamandla kanye nokuvikelwa esicanucanwini nokuhlanza.
Le nhlanganisela isebenza ngokushesha kunezibhebhe ngoba iya ngqo egazini lakho. Uzothola lo muthi kuphela ezibhedlela, emitholampilo, noma kwezinye izindawo zezokwelapha lapho ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe bengakugada eduze ukuze kube nokuphepha.
Odokotela banquma le nhlanganisela yomjovo ikakhulukazi ngobuhlungu obumaphakathi kuya kobukhali obudinga ukukhululeka okusheshayo. I-meperidine ibhekana nobuhlungu bakho ngenkathi i-promethazine ivimbela isicanucanu imithi enamandla yokwelapha ubuhlungu evame ukuyibangela.
Nazi izimo eziyinhloko lapho umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase ancome lo mjovo:
Udokotela wakho uzoqapha ngokucophelela ukuthi le nhlanganisela enamandla ilungile yini esimweni sakho esithile. Bazocabangela izinga lobuhlungu bakho, umlando wezokwelapha, neminye imithi oyithathayo ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi yiyona ndlela ephephe kakhulu futhi esebenza kahle kuwe.
Lo mjovo uhlanganisa imithi emibili esebenza ndawonye ukuhlinzeka ngokuqeda ubuhlungu okuphelele. I-Meperidine iyi-opioid enamandla evimbela izimpawu zobuhlungu ukuthi zingafinyeleli ebuchosheni bakho, kuyilapho i-promethazine ithuthukisa le nhlanganisela futhi ivimbele imiphumela engathandeki.
I-Meperidine ingeyeqembu lemithi enamandla yobuhlungu ebizwa ngokuthi ama-opioids. Isebenza ngokunamathela kuma-receptors athile ebuchosheni bakho nasemgogodleni, empeleni yehlisa ivolumu yobuhlungu bomzimba wakho. Lokhu kuyenza ibe namandla kakhulu kunezinhlungu ezingaphezu kwe-counter ezifana ne-ibuprofen noma i-acetaminophen.
I-Promethazine isebenza ngezinhloso eziningi ezisizayo kulokhu kuhlanganiswa. Ivimbela isicanucanu nokuhlanza okubangelwa imithi enamandla yobuhlungu, ikusiza ukuthi uzizwe uzolile, futhi empeleni ithuthukisa imiphumela yokukhulula ubuhlungu ye-meperidine. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungase udinge okuncane kwengxenye ye-opioid ngenkathi usathola ukulawulwa kobuhlungu okuhle kakhulu.
Umjovo ngokuvamile uqala ukusebenza phakathi kwemizuzu eyi-10 kuya kwengu-15, nemiphumela ephezulu yenzeka emizuzwini engaba ngu-30 kuya kwengu-60. Ukukhululeka kobuhlungu kuvame ukuhlala amahora ama-2 kuya kwangu-4, nakuba lokhu kungahluka ngokuya ngempendulo yakho kanye nomthamo owutholayo.
Ngeke uzinikeze lo mjovo - ngaso sonke isikhathi unikezwa ochwepheshe bezempilo abaqeqeshiwe ezindaweni zezokwelapha. Umhlengikazi wakho noma udokotela uzokunika umjovo emsipheni (ngokuvamile okhalweni lwakho noma engalweni engenhla) noma ngqo emthanjeni ngomugqa we-IV.
Ngaphambi kokuthola umjovo, ithimba lakho lezempilo lizohlola izimpawu zakho ezibalulekile futhi libuyekeze umlando wakho wezokwelapha. Bazobuza mayelana nanoma yikuphi ukungezwani komzimba, imithi yamanje, nokudla noma isiphuzo osanda kusithatha. Kuyinto evamile ngokuphelele ukuzizwa ukhathazekile ngokuthola umjovo, futhi ithimba lakho lezokwelapha liyakuqonda lokhu.
Akudingeki ukuthi wenze lutho olukhethekile ukulungiselela umjovo. Kodwa-ke, uma uhlelelwe ukuhlinzwa, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo ethile mayelana nokudla nokuphuza ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ezimweni eziphuthumayo, ithimba lezokwelapha lizosebenza nganoma yiziphi izimo ezikhona.
Ngemuva kokuthola umjovo, uzodinga ukuphumula endaweni ephephile, eqashwe. Umuthi ungakwenza ukozela futhi uthinte ukuxhumana kwakho, ngakho ngeke ukwazi ukushayela noma ukwenza izinqumo ezibalulekile amahora amaningi. Hlela ukuthi kube nomuntu okusiza ukuthi ufike ekhaya ngokuphepha.
Lo mjovo wenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwesikhashana kuphela, ngokuvamile umthamo owodwa nje noma imithamo embalwa ngosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. Udokotela wakho uzonquma kahle ukuthi udinga isikhathi esingakanani lo muthi ngokuya ngezinga lobuhlungu bakho nokuqhubeka kokululama kwakho.
Ngezindlela zokuhlinzwa, ungase uthole umthamo owodwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa futhi mhlawumbe omunye umthamo noma emibili ngemuva kwalokho. Ngezinhlungu zomsebenzi, isikhathi sincike ekutheni ukulethwa kwakho kuqhubeka kanjani. Ezimweni eziphuthumayo, ngokuvamile uzothola umthamo owodwa nje, udokotela wakho ehlola ukuthi ngabe udinga ukuphathwa kobuhlungu okwengeziwe.
Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizoqhubeka nokubheka ukuthi umuthi usebenza kahle kangakanani kuwe. Bazolungisa uhlelo lwakho lokuphatha ubuhlungu njengoba isimo sakho sithuthuka, ngokuvamile bekushintshele emithini yomlomo noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ngokushesha nje lapho kuphephile futhi kufanelekile.
Ngenxa yokuthi le nhlanganisela iqukethe i-opioid eqinile, odokotela baqaphela kakhulu ukukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwayo. Ukusetshenziswa okwandisiwe kungaholela ekubekezelaneni (ukudinga imithamo ephezulu ngomphumela ofanayo) nokuncika, ngakho-ke ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizosebenza nawe ukushintshela kumasu okuphatha ubuhlungu besikhathi eside aphephile ngokushesha okukhulu.
Njengayo yonke imithi enamandla, lo mjovo ungabangela imiphumela emibi, nakuba abantu abaningi bewuthwala kahle uma usetshenziswa ngendlela efanele. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizokuqapha ngokucophelela ukuze libone futhi lilungise noma yiziphi izinkinga ngokushesha.
Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ongase uyithole ihlanganisa ukuzizwa ukozela, isiyezi, noma ukudideka kancane. Le miphumela ijwayelekile futhi ivame ukuba mnene, kodwa yingakho uzodinga ukuphumula endaweni ephephile ngemva kokuthola umjovo.
Nansi imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu abantu abaningi abayitholayo:
Le miphumela ejwayelekile ivame ukunyamalala njengoba umuthi usuphela emakethe emahoreni ambalwa alandelayo. Abahlengikazi bakho bazokusiza ukulawula noma yikuphi ukungakhululeki futhi baqinisekise ukuthi uhlala uphephile ngenkathi umuthi usebenza.
Abanye abantu bangase bathole imiphumela emibi ekhathazayo edinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha. Nakuba lokhu kungavamile, kubalulekile ukukubona ukuze ithimba lakho lezempilo likwazi ukusabela ngokushesha.
Nansi imiphumela emibi engathi sína edinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha:
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi uma uthola lo mjovo endaweni yezokwelapha, ithimba lakho lezempilo liqeqeshwe ukubona nokwelapha le miphumela engathi sína ngokushesha. Banemithi esheshayo nemishini etholakalayo ukuze ikugcine uphephile.
Ezinye izimo ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zingenzeka, ikakhulukazi uma zisetshenziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe noma kubantu abazwelayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula okukhulu, ukwehla okuyingozi kwengcindezi yegazi, ukuquleka, kanye nokusabela okukhulu komzimba. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha liqapha lezi zinkinga ngokuqhubekayo ngenkathi unakekelwa.
Le nhlanganisela enamandla ayiphephile kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi udokotela wakho uzobukeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuyincoma. Ezinye izimo zempilo nemithi kungenza lo mjovo ube yingozi noma ungasebenzi kahle.
Udokotela wakho uzobuza imibuzo enemininingwane ngempilo yakho ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi lo muthi uphephile kuwe. Ukwethembeka ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha, imithi yamanje, kanye nanoma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezithile kubasiza ukuthi benze isinqumo esingcono kakhulu sokunakekelwa kwakho.
Nawa amakhambi amakhulu enza lo mjovo ungaphephile:
Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizophinda liqaphele kakhulu uma usumdala, ukhulelwe, noma uncelisa. Ngenkathi imithi ingasetshenziswa ngezinye izikhathi kulezi zimo, idinga ukuqapha okukhethekile nokucatshangelwa kwezingozi nezinzuzo.
Uma unezinye zalezi zimo, ungakhathazeki - udokotela wakho unezinye izinketho eziningi zokuphatha ubuhlungu ezitholakalayo. Bazosebenza nawe ukuthola ukwelashwa okuphephe kakhulu nokusebenzayo esimweni sakho esithile.
Lo mjovo ohlanganisiwe uvame ukubizwa ngamagama amaningi omkhiqizo, nakuba izibhedlela nemitholampilo eminingi isebenzisa izinhlobo ezivamile ezisebenza ngendlela efanayo. Igama lomkhiqizo elivame kakhulu ongase ulizwe yi-Mepergan.
Ngezinye izikhathi abahlinzeki bezempilo bazobhekisela kulo muthi ngokuchaza izingxenye zawo kunokusebenzisa igama lomkhiqizo elithile. Ungase ubazwe bethi "meperidine ne-promethazine" noma "Demerol ne-Phenergan" (besebenzisa amagama omkhiqizo ngamunye wezingxenye ngazinye).
Izinhlobo ezivamile ziqukethe izithako ezifanayo ezisebenzayo futhi zisebenza ngendlela efanayo nezinhlobo zamagama omkhiqizo. Indawo yakho yokunakekelwa kwezempilo izokhetha uhlobo oluhlangabezana nezindinganiso zabo zekhwalithi futhi lunikeze inani elingcono kakhulu, kodwa umphumela wezokwelapha uzofana kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngubani umenzi.
Uma unemibuzo mayelana nokuthi yiluphi uhlobo oluthile olutholayo, zizwe ukhululekile ukubuza ithimba lakho lezempilo. Bangakukhombisa ilebula lomuthi futhi bachaze noma yiziphi izinto ezingase zikuthakazelise.
Udkt wakho unezinye izinketho eziningi eziphumelelayo zokuphatha ubuhlungu obukhulu, futhi bazokhetha indlela engcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zakho ezithile nesimo sezempilo. Akukho muthi owodwa osebenza ngokuphelele kuwo wonke umuntu, ngakho ukuba nezinye izindlela kubalulekile.
Ukuze kukhululwe ubuhlungu obufanayo, udkt wakho angase acabangele ezinye izinhlanganisela ze-opioid njenge-morphine ne-ondansetron (ukuze kuvinjelwe isicanucanu) noma i-fentanyl neminye imithi elwa nesicanucanu. Lezi zindlela ezingezinye zingahlinzeka ngokuqeda ubuhlungu obufanayo ngamaphrofayili ahlukene emiphumeleni.
Nazi ezinye izindlela ezivamile ithimba lakho lezempilo elingase lizicabangele:
Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izinto ezifana nobukhulu bezinhlungu zakho, umlando wakho wezokwelapha, eminye imithi, nezintandokazi zakho lapho ekhetha ezinye izindlela. Bangase futhi bahlanganise izindlela ezihlukene, njengokusebenzisa i-nerve block kanye nemithi yomlomo, ukukunikeza ukulawulwa kobuhlungu obungcono kakhulu ngemiphumela emincane.
Umgomo uhlala ukuhlinzeka ngokuqeda izinhlungu ngempumelelo ngenkathi kunciphisa izingozi nemiphumela emibi. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizosebenza eduze nawe ukuthola indlela esebenza kahle kakhulu esimweni sakho esiyingqayizivele.
Zombili lezi zithako ziyasebenza ezinhlungwini ezinzima, kodwa zisebenza ngendlela ehlukile futhi zinezinzuzo ezihlukile ngokuya ngesimo sakho esithile. Akukho noyedwa othi “ungcono” - ukukhetha kuncike ezidingweni zakho zezokwelapha, izimo zempilo, nokuthi umzimba wakho usabela kanjani emithini ehlukene.
Inhlanganisela ye-Meperidine ne-promethazine inikeza ezinye izinzuzo eziyingqayizivele eziyenza ithandeke ezimweni ezithile. Ukuvikelwa okwakhelwe ngaphakathi kokulwa nesicanucanu okuvela ku-promethazine kungasiza ikakhulukazi uma uthambekele esicanucanwini esihlobene nemithi noma uhlinzwa lapho isicanucanu sivamile.
Le nhlanganisela futhi ivame ukubangela ukuqunjelwa okuncane kune-morphine yodwa, okungaba kubalulekile kubantu asebenenkinga yokugaya ukudla. Abanye abantu futhi bathola ukuthi i-promethazine ibasiza ukuthi bazizwe benokuthula futhi bekhululekile, okungathuthukisa isipiliyoni sokukhululeka kobuhlungu.
Noma kunjalo, i-morphine inezinzuzo zayo. Isetshenziswe ngokuphepha amashumi eminyaka, futhi odokotela banolwazi oluningi ngemiphumela yayo nokuthi bangazisingatha kanjani izinkinga. I-Morphine nayo ivame ukuhlala isikhathi eside kune-meperidine, okusho ukuthi ungase udinge imithamo embalwa usuku lonke.
Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izinto eziningana lapho ekhetha phakathi kwale mithi, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lwakho lobuhlungu, umlando wakho wezokwelapha, eminye imithi oyithathayo, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho kwangaphambilini ngemithi yokwelapha ubuhlungu. Bangase bazame eyodwa bese beshintshela kwenye uma ukukhetha kokuqala kungasebenzi njengoba bekulindelekile.
Le nhlanganisela idinga ukuqapha okwengeziwe uma unezifo zenhliziyo, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ingasetshenziswa ngokuphepha ngokuqapha okucophelelayo. Udokotela wakho uzodinga ukuhlola isimo sakho senhliziyo esithile kanye nemithi yakho yamanje ngaphambi kokwenza lesi sinqumo.
Zombili le mithi ingathinta izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo nomfutho wegazi, ngakho-ke ithimba lakho lezempilo lizozigada eduze uma unezinkinga zenhliziyo. Bangase bakhethe umthamo ophansi noma bakhethe indlela ehlukile yokuphatha ubuhlungu uma isimo sakho senhliziyo sibi kakhulu noma singazinzile.
Uma unezifo zenhliziyo, qiniseka ukuthi utshela ithimba lakho lezempilo ngayo yonke imithi yakho yenhliziyo, okuhlanganisa ama-blood thinners, imithi yomfutho wegazi, nanoma iyiphi imithi yokushaya kwenhliziyo. Lokhu kubasiza ukuthi benze ukukhetha okuphephe kakhulu ekuphathweni kwakho kobuhlungu.
Njengoba le mithi inikezwa kuphela ochwepheshe bezempilo ezindaweni zezokwelapha, ukweqisa ngengozi akuvamile futhi kungabanjwa ngokushesha yithimba lakho lezokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, uma uqaphela ukulala kakhulu, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ezinye izimpawu ezikhathazayo, yazisa umhlengikazi wakho noma udokotela ngokushesha.
Izimpawu zomuthi owedlulele zihlanganisa ukozela okukhulu lapho ungakwazi ukuhlala uvukile, ukuphefumula okuhamba kancane noma okungashoni, ukudideka, noma ukuzizwa sengathi ungaquleka. Ithimba lakho lezempilo liqeqeshwe ukubona lezi zimpawu futhi linemithi esheshayo etholakalayo.
Ithimba lezokwelapha linemithi ephikisana nemiphumela kanye nokwelashwa okuphuthumayo okutholakala kalula uma kudingeka. Bangakunika imithi yokuguqula imiphumela ye-opioid uma kudingeka, futhi banemishini yokusiza ukuphefumula uma kudingeka. Yingakho ukuthola lo muthi endaweni yezokwelapha kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphepheni kwakho.
Njengoba lo mjovo unikezwa ochwepheshe bezempilo ngeshejuli ethile, ngeke ube nesibopho sokukhumbula imithamo. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizinquma isikhathi kanye nobuningi ngokusekelwe ezingeni lakho lobuhlungu kanye nentuthuko yokululama.
Uma uzizwa sengathi ubuhlungu bakho buyabuya ngaphambi komthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe, yazisa umhlengikazi wakho noma udokotela. Bangahlola ukuthi ngabe udinga imithi eyengeziwe yokwelapha ubuhlungu noma ngabe kufanele balungise uhlelo lwakho lokuphatha ubuhlungu.
Ithimba lakho lezempilo liqhubeka nokubheka izinga lakho lokunethezeka futhi lizokwenza izinguquko njengoba kudingeka. Bangakunika imithamo eyengeziwe, bashintshele emuthini ohlukile, noma bangeze ezinye izindlela zokuphatha ubuhlungu ukuze bakugcine ukhululekile.
Udokotela wakho uzoqoka ukuthi uyeka nini lo muthi ngokusekelwe ezingeni lakho lobuhlungu kanye nentuthuko yokululama. Abantu abaningi badinga lo mjovo isikhathi esifushane kuphela – ngokuvamile umthamo owodwa nje noma imithamo embalwa ngosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili.
Njengoba ubuhlungu bakho buncipha, ithimba lakho lezempilo lizokushintshela kancane kancane emithini yokwelapha ubuhlungu ethambile noma kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Lokhu kungasho ukushintshela emithini yokwelapha ubuhlungu yomlomo, ukusebenzisa iqhwa noma ukwelashwa ngokushisa, noma ukuhlanganisa izindlela zokwelapha ngokomzimba.
Ngeke kudingeke ukhathazeke ngezimpawu zokuhoxisa ngoba lo muthi usetshenziswa isikhathi esifushane kangaka. Kodwa-ke, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizoqinisekisa ukuthi unokulawulwa okwanele kobuhlungu njengoba likushintshela kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha, ukuze uhlale ukhululekile ngaso sonke isikhathi sokululama kwakho.
Cha, awukwazi neze ukushayela ngemva kokuthola lo mjovo. Umuthi ubangela ukozela, isiyezi, kanye nokwehla kwama-reflexes okwenza ukushayela kube yingozi kuwe nakwabanye emgwaqeni.
Kuzodingeka ukuthi uhlele ukuthi omunye umuntu akuqhubele ekhaya, noma isikhungo sakho sokunakekelwa kwezempilo singase sikugcine isikhathi eside ukuze sibheke. Imiphumela ivame ukuhlala amahora amaningana, futhi akufanele ushayele kuze kube yilapho uzizwa uqaphele ngokuphelele futhi umuthi usuphelile.
Noma ngabe uzizwa ulungile, umuthi usengase uthinte ukwahlulela kwakho nesikhathi sokusabela ngezindlela ongase ungaziqapheli. Kungcono ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi uphephile futhi ulinde kuze kube usuku olulandelayo ngaphambi kokushayela, ikakhulukazi uma uthole imithamo eminingi noma uneminye imithi ohlelweni lwakho.
6Mpeople
Get clear medical guidance
on symptoms, medications, and lab reports.