Yini i-Metformin: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Metformin iyimithi eningi ebekelwe ukusiza ukwehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Imvamisa iyimithi yokuqala odokotela abayeluleka uma izinguquko zokuphila zodwa zinganele ukuphatha ushukela wegazi ngempumelelo. Le mithi emnene kodwa esebenzayo isisize izigidi zabantu ukuthi ziphathe isifo sabo sikashukela amashumi eminyaka, futhi ithathwa njengenye yemithi ephephe kakhulu yesifo sikashukela etholakalayo.

Yini i-Metformin?

I-Metformin iyimithi yomlomo yesifo sikashukela eyingxenye yeqembu lezidakamizwa elibizwa ngokuthi ama-biguanides. Kuyimithi kadokotela eza ngesimo samaphilisi futhi yakhelwe ukuthi ithathwe ngomlomo nokudla. Ngokungafani neminye imithi yesifo sikashukela, i-metformin ayiphoqi amanyikwe akho ukuthi akhiqize i-insulin eningi, okwenza ibe mnene ezinhlelweni zemvelo zomzimba wakho.

Le mithi isikhona kusukela ngeminyaka yama-1950 futhi inerekhodi elihle lokuphepha. Itholakala ngamafomula okukhishwa ngokushesha nangokukhishwa okweluliwe, okunikeza wena nodokotela wakho ukuguquguquka ekutholeni indlela efanele yohlelo lwakho lwansuku zonke.

Isetshenziselwani i-Metformin?

I-Metformin isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukwelapha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kodwa ingasiza futhi ngezinye izimo eziningi zempilo. Ngesifo sikashukela, imvamisa iyindlela yokuqala okufanele ukhethwe ngoba iyasebenza futhi ithandwa abantu abaningi. Udokotela wakho angase ayibhale yedwa noma ayihlanganise neminye imithi yesifo sikashukela ukuze kulawulwe kangcono ushukela wegazi.

Ngaphandle kwesifo sikashukela, odokotela ngezinye izikhathi babhala i-metformin ye-polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) ukusiza ukulawula imijikelezo yokuya esikhathini nokuthuthukisa ukuzwela kwe-insulin. Abanye abahlinzeki bezempilo bayayisebenzisa futhi ukusiza ekuvikeleni isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kubantu abasengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa lesi simo.

Ezimweni ezithile, i-metformin ingase icatshangelwe ukuphathwa kwesisindo kubantu abamelana ne-insulin, nakuba lokhu ngokuvamile kuyindlela yokusebenzisa engashunyeki edinga ukugadwa kwezokwelapha ngokucophelela.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Metformin?

I-Metformin isebenza ngezindlela eziningi ezimnene ukusiza umzimba wakho ukulawula ushukela wegazi ngempumelelo. Ngokuyinhloko inciphisa inani le-glucose isibindi sakho esikhiqizayo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzila ukudla njengasebusuku. Lokhu kusiza ekuvikeleni ukukhuphuka kukashukela wegazi ekuseni okuhlangenwe nakho ngabantu abaningi abanesifo sikashukela.

Umuthi futhi wenza amaseli emisipha yakho azwele kakhulu i-insulin, okusho ukuthi umzimba wakho ungasebenzisa i-insulin ewukhiqizayo ngempumelelo enkulu. Cabanga ngakho njengokusiza ukuvula iminyango yamaseli akho ukuze i-glucose ingene kalula.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-metformin yehlisa kancane ukuthi amathumbu akho amunca ngokushesha kangakanani i-glucose ekudleni. Lokhu kudala ukukhuphuka okuthe ngqo kukashukela wegazi ngemva kokudla kunokukhuphuka okukhulu. Njengoba imithi yesifo sikashukela ihamba, i-metformin ithathwa njengemodareyithi ngamandla, isebenza ngokuqinile kunokubangela izinguquko ezinkulu.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Metformin?

Thatha i-metformin ngendlela eqondile udokotela wakho ayiyalela ngayo, ngokuvamile ngesikhathi sokudla ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwesisu. Abantu abaningi baqala ngomthamo ophansi okhuphuka kancane kancane emasontweni ambalwa, benika umzimba wakho isikhathi sokuzivumelanisa kahle. Le ndlela enqenqezelayo isiza ekunciphiseni imiphumela emibi futhi ivumela udokotela wakho ukuthi athole umthamo ofanele wakho.

Gwinya amaphilisi wonke ngengilazi yamanzi egcwele. Uma uthatha inguqulo yokukhishwa okwandisiwe, ungasigayi, uhlafune, noma uphule amaphilisi ngoba lokhu kungathinta indlela umuthi okhishwa ngayo emzimbeni wakho.

Ukwenza i-metformin ngokudla kubalulekile ngezizathu ezimbili. Okokuqala, kunciphisa kakhulu ithuba lokuphazamiseka kwesisu, isicanucanu, noma isifo sohudo. Okwesibili, kusiza umzimba wakho ukuthi umunce umuthi ngokuqhubekayo. Awudingi ukudla ukudla okukhulu, kodwa ukuba nokudla okuthile esiswini sakho kwenza umehluko wangempela ekutheni uzokwazi kangakanani ukubekezelela umuthi.

Zama ukuthatha imithamo yakho ngezikhathi ezifanayo nsuku zonke ukuze ugcine amazinga aqhubekayo emzimbeni wakho. Uma uyithatha kabili ngosuku, ukuhlukanisa imithamo cishe ngamahora angu-12 kuhamba kahle kubantu abaningi.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Metformin?

Abantu abaningi abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 bathatha i-metformin isikhathi eside, ngokuvamile iminyaka eminingi noma impilo yonke. Lokhu akusho ukuthi uyayithanda, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 yisimo esingapheli esidinga ukuphathwa okuqhubekayo. I-Metformin isiza ukugcina ushukela wakho wegazi ebangeni elinempilo uma nje uyithatha.

Udokotela wakho uzohlola njalo amazinga akho kashukela wegazi, ukusebenza kwezinso, nempilo yonke ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi i-metformin iyaqhubeka iyindlela efanele kuwe. Abanye abantu bathola ukuthi ukulawulwa kukashukela wabo wegazi kuthuthuka kakhulu ngezinguquko zokuphila, futhi udokotela wabo angase alungise noma anciphise imithi yabo ngokufanele.

Ubude bokwelashwa buqinisile buxhomeke esimweni sakho ngasinye. Izinto ezinjengokuthi ushukela wakho wegazi ulawulwa kahle kangakanani, noma yiziphi izifo ezingezinhle ozitholayo, izinguquko empilweni yakho, nokuphendula kwakho ekuguqulweni kwendlela yokuphila konke kunendima ekunqumeni ukuthi uzodinga ukuyithatha isikhathi esingakanani i-metformin.

Ungayeki ukuthatha i-metformin ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala, ngoba lokhu kungabangela ukuthi ushukela wakho wegazi unyuke ngokushesha futhi kungenzeka kuholele ezinkingeni.

Ziyini Izifo Ezingezinhle Ze-Metformin?

I-Metformin ivame ukubekezelelwa kahle, kodwa njengayo yonke imithi, ingabangela imiphumela emibi kwabanye abantu. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi imiphumela eminingi emibi imnene futhi ivame ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho uzivumela emithini emasontweni ambalwa okuqala.

Nawa amanye amiphumela emibi ongase uyithole, ikakhulukazi uma uqala i-metformin noma ukhuphula umthamo wakho:

• Ukucasuka kwesisu nokucasuka kwesisu
• Ukuqunjelwa noma izitulo ezixekile
• Igesi nokuqunjelwa
• Ukunambitheka kwensimbi emlonyeni wakho
• Ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
• Ukugcwala kwesisu

Lezi zimo ezingezinhle zokugaya ukudla zivame ukunyamalala emasontweni ambalwa njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela. Ukuthatha i-metformin nokudla nokuqala ngomthamo ophansi kungasiza ekunciphiseni lezi zinkinga kakhulu.

Imiphumela engavamile kodwa ebucayi kakhulu ihlanganisa ukuntuleka kwe-vitamin B12 ekusetshenzisweni kwesikhathi eside, yingakho udokotela wakho engase aqaphele amazinga akho e-B12 ngezikhathi ezithile. Abanye abantu futhi bahlangabezana nokukhathala noma ubuthakathaka, ikakhulukazi emasontweni ambalwa okuqala kokwelashwa.

Ngokuvamile kakhulu, i-metformin ingabangela isimo esibucayi esibizwa ngokuthi i-lactic acidosis, esibandakanya ukwakheka kwe-lactic acid egazini. Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu kubantu abanomsebenzi oqhelekile wezinso, kodwa yingakho udokotela wakho eqapha impilo yakho yezinso njalo. Izimpawu zihlanganisa ubuhlungu obungavamile bemisipha, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besisu, isiyezi, noma ukuzizwa ubuthakathaka kakhulu noma ukhathele.

Ubani Ongafanele Athatha i-Metformin?

I-Metformin ayifanele wonke umuntu, futhi udokotela wakho uzocabangela ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezempilo ngaphambi kokuyinika. Umuthi uhlungwa ikakhulukazi ngezinso zakho, ngakho-ke abantu abanezifo ezinzulu zezinso ngokuvamile abakwazi ukuthatha i-metformin ngokuphepha.

Udokotela wakho cishe uzogwema ukunika i-metformin uma unezifo ezinzima zezinso, izinkinga zesibindi, noma umlando we-lactic acidosis. Abantu abanezimo ezithile zenhliziyo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezibandakanya amazinga e-oxygen anciphisiwe, bangase badinge ezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Uma uhlelelwe ukuhlinzwa noma izinqubo ezithile zezokwelapha ezibandakanya umbala ohlukile, udokotela wakho angase amise okwesikhashana i-metformin yakho. Lesi yisinyathelo sokuzivikela ukuvikela izinso zakho ngesikhathi salezi zinqubo.

Abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 ngokuvamile abasebenzisi i-metformin njengokwelashwa kwabo okuyinhloko, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi ingase ingezwe ekwelashweni kwe-insulin ezimweni ezithile. Abesifazane abakhulelwe abanesifo sikashukela ngokuvamile basebenzisa i-insulin esikhundleni se-metformin, nakuba lokhu kuhluka ngokuya ngezimo zomuntu ngamunye kanye nokwahlulela kwezokwelapha.

Udktela wakho uzobheka iminyaka yakho, njengoba abadala kungenzeka badinge ukuqashwa okuseduze noma ukulungiswa komthamo ngenxa yezinguquko ekusebenzeni kwezinso ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Metformin

I-Metformin itholakala ngaphansi kwamagama amaningi omkhiqizo, nakuba inguqulo ejwayelekile isebenza ngempumelelo futhi ibiza kakhulu. Amagama omkhiqizo ajwayelekile afaka i-Glucophage yamaphilisi akhishwa ngokushesha kanye ne-Glucophage XR yezindlela zokukhishwa okwandisiwe.

Amanye amagama omkhiqizo ongahlangana nawo afaka i-Fortamet, i-Glumetza, ne-Riomet (uhlobo oluwuketshezi). Kukhona futhi imithi ehlanganisiwe equkethe i-metformin kanye neminye imithi yesifo sikashukela, njenge-Janumet (i-metformin kanye ne-sitagliptin) ne-Glucovance (i-metformin kanye ne-glyburide).

Noma ngabe uthatha igama lomkhiqizo noma i-metformin ejwayelekile, isithako esisebenzayo nokusebenza kahle kuyafana. Uhlelo lwakho lomshuwalense lungakhetha olunye ngaphezu kolunye, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukuxoxa ngezinketho nodokotela wakho kanye nosokhemisi ukuze uthole inketho engabizi kakhulu kuwe.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Metformin

Uma i-metformin ingakulungele noma inganikezi ukulawulwa okwanele kukashukela wegazi, imithi eminingi ehlukile iyatholakala. Udokotela wakho angase acabangele ama-sulfonylureas afana ne-glyburide noma i-glipizide, esebenza ngokukhuthaza i-pancreas yakho ukuthi ikhiqize i-insulin eningi.

Amakilasi emithi amasha afaka ama-SGLT2 inhibitors (njenge-empagliflozin noma i-canagliflozin) asiza izinso zakho ukuthi zikhiphe i-glucose eyeqile ngomchamo. Ama-DPP-4 inhibitors afana ne-sitagliptin asebenza ngokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin lapho ushukela wegazi uphezulu futhi anciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-glucose lapho kujwayelekile.

Kubantu abadinga ukwelashwa okujulile, ama-GLP-1 receptor agonists afana ne-semaglutide noma i-liraglutide angasebenza kahle kakhulu. Le mithi ayinciphisi nje ushukela wegazi kuphela kodwa ivame ukusiza ekunciphiseni isisindo futhi.

Kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa nge-insulin kungase kudingeke, kungaba yodwa noma kuhlangene nemithi yomlomo. Udokotela wakho uzosebenza nawe ukuthola inhlanganisela engcono kakhulu yokwelashwa ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zakho, isimo sempilo, kanye nemigomo yokwelashwa.

Ingabe i-Metformin ingcono kunezinye izidakamizwa zesifo sikashukela?

I-Metformin ivame ukubhekwa njengezinga legolide lokwelashwa kokuqala kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, futhi kunezizathu ezinhle zalokhu okuthandwayo. Isebenza kahle ekwehliseni ushukela wegazi, inerekhodi elide lokuphepha, futhi ngokuvamile ayibangeli ukukhuluphala noma izigameko zikashukela ophansi uma isetshenziswa yodwa.

Uma iqhathaniswa nama-sulfonylureas, i-metformin mancane amathuba okuthi ibangele i-hypoglycemia (ushukela wegazi ophansi ngendlela eyingozi) nokukhuluphala. Ngokungafani neminye imithi emisha yesifo sikashukela, i-metformin nayo iyathengeka kakhulu futhi ineminyaka eminingi yocwaningo olusekela ukusetshenziswa kwayo.

Nokho,

Noma kunjalo, udokotela wakho uzohlola ngokucophelela isimo senhliziyo yakho ngaphambi kokukuyalela ukuthi usebenzise i-metformin. Abantu abanenhliziyo ehlulekayo kakhulu noma izimo ezithinta amazinga omoya-mpilo egazini bangase badinge ukwelashwa okuhlukile noma ukuqashwa eduze.

Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuzile i-Metformin eningi ngengozi?

Uma ngengozi uphuza i-metformin eningi kunaleyo oyiyalelwe, xhumana nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi ngokushesha ukuze uthole isiqondiso. Ukuphuza umthamo ophindwe kabili ngezikhathi ezithile akuvamile ukuba yingozi, kodwa ukuphuza okuningi kakhulu kunokuyalelwe kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi, ikakhulukazi i-lactic acidosis.

Qaphela izimpawu ezinjengokugula okukhulu, ukuhlanza, ubuhlungu besisu, ubuhlungu bemisipha, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ukukhathala okungavamile. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ngemva kokuphuza i-metformin eningi, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ukuvimbela ukweqisa ngengozi, cabanga ukusebenzisa umhleli wamaphilisi futhi usethe izikhumbuzi ocingweni lwakho. Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi uphuze umthamo wakho yini, ngokuvamile kuphephe ukweqa lowo mthamo kunokuthi ubeke engozini ukuwuthatha kabili.

Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo we-Metformin?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo we-metformin, uyithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, kodwa kuphela uma ukudla noma ukudla okulula. Uma sekuyisikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo, weqa umthamo ophuthelwe bese uqhubeka neshejuli yakho evamile.

Ungalokothi uthathe imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ulungise umthamo ophuthelwe, ngoba lokhu kwandisa ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi. Uma uvame ukukhohlwa imithamo, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngamasu okukusiza ukuthi ukhumbule, njengokuyithatha ngesikhathi esifanayo neminye imisebenzi yansuku zonke.

Ukuphuthelwa umthamo ngezikhathi ezithile ngeke kubangele izinkinga ngokushesha, kodwa ukuphuthelwa imithamo ngokuqhubekayo kungaholela ekulawulweni koshukela wegazi okungahlelekile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ngingayeka nini ukuphuza i-Metformin?

Akufanele uyeke ukuthatha i-metformin ngaphandle kokuxoxa ngayo nodokotela wakho kuqala. Abanye abantu bangase bakwazi ukunciphisa noma bayeke i-metformin uma befinyelela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwesisindo, benza izinguquko ezinkulu zokuphila, noma uma ukulawulwa kwabo ushukela wegazi kuthuthuka kakhulu.

Udokotela wakho uzoqapha amazinga akho kashukela wegazi, izivivinyo ze-A1C, kanye nempilo yonke ukuze anqume ukuthi kungaba yini okufanelekile ukulungisa imithi yakho. Abanye abantu bathola ukuthi ngezinguquko eziqhubekayo zokuphila, banganciphisa umthamo wabo noma bashintshele ohlelweni oluhlukile lokwelashwa.

Khumbula ukuthi uhlobo 2 lukashukela yisimo esiqhubekayo, futhi noma ngabe uyeka i-metformin okwesikhashana, ungase udinge ukuyiqala kabusha noma uzame eminye imithi esikhathini esizayo njengoba isimo sakho sishintsha.