Kuyini Ukujovwa Kwe-Methadone: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni Nokunye

Ukujovwa kwe-Methadone kuyisidakamizwa esinamandla se-opioid esinikezwa ngqo emsipheni wakho noma emthanjeni ngabasebenzi bezempilo. Lolu hlobo lwe-methadone luvame ukusetshenziswa ezibhedlela noma ezindaweni ezikhethekile zezokwelapha lapho ungenakuthatha imithi yomlomo noma udinga ukukhululeka ngokushesha ebuhlungwini.

Ngenkathi abantu abaningi beazi i-methadone njengomuthi womlomo wokwelapha ukulutheka kwe-opioid, uhlobo olujovwayo lusebenzela izinjongo ezithile zezokwelapha. Kuyinto elawulwayo edinga ukugadwa ngokucophelela kwezokwelapha ngenxa yamandla ayo kanye namandla emiphumeleni emibi engathí sina.

Kuyini Ukujovwa Kwe-Methadone?

Ukujovwa kwe-Methadone kuyisidakamizwa se-opioid esenziwe ngendlela yokwenziwa esinikezwa ngqo emzimbeni wakho ngenaliti. Abahlinzeki bezempilo basebenzisa le ndlela lapho imithi yomlomo ingenzeki noma ingasebenzi kahle ngokwanele esimweni sakho.

Uhlobo olujovwayo lusebenza ngokushesha kunezibhebhe ngoba ludlula ngqo ohlelweni lwakho lokugaya ukudla. Umzimba wakho uyayimunca ngokushesha ngegazi lakho, unikeze ukukhululeka okusheshayo uma kudingeka. Lokhu kwenza kube wusizo ikakhulukazi ezimweni eziphuthumayo noma lapho ungenakukwazi ukugwinya imithi.

Ngokungafani nezidakamizwa zasemgwaqweni, ukujovwa kwe-methadone yezokwelapha kulinganiswa ngokucophelela futhi kunikezwa ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe. Umthamo nesikhathi kulawulwa ngokuqondile ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwakho ngenkathi kunikezwa imiphumela yokwelapha oyidingayo.

Kuyini Ukujovwa Kwe-Methadone Okusetshenziselwa?

Ukujovwa kwe-Methadone kusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukuphatha ubuhlungu obukhulu lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasebenzi. Odokotela bavame ukugcina leli fomu lezimo ezithile zezokwelapha lapho imithi yomlomo ingafaneleki.

Izizathu ezivame kakhulu ongase uzithole ukujovwa kwe-methadone zihlanganisa ubuhlungu obungapheli obukhulu obungaphendulanga eminye imithi, izimo lapho ungenakuthatha imithi yomlomo ngenxa yokuhlinzwa noma ukugula, kanye nokuphathwa kobuhlungu obuphuthumayo ezindaweni zasezibhedlela.

Kwezinye izinhlelo zokwelapha umlutha ezikhethekile, abahlinzeki bezempilo bangasebenzisa i-methadone ejovwayo lapho ukuthatha ngomlomo kungenzeki. Nokho, lokhu akuvamile kakhulu kunokwelashwa nge-methadone ngomlomo. Indlela yokujova ngokuvamile icatshangelwa lapho ezinye izinketho sezikhathale.

Kubantu abanesifo somdlavuza abanezinhlungu eziqhubekayo, ukujova i-methadone kungahlinzeka ngokuphumula lapho imithi yomlomo ingangeni kahle. Lokhu kungenzeka ngesikhathi se-chemotherapy lapho isicanucanu nokuhlanza kuvimbela ukugcina imithi yomlomo phansi.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Methadone Ejovwayo?

Ukujova i-methadone kuyimithi enamandla ye-opioid esebenza ngokubopha kuma-receptors athile ebuchosheni bakho nasemgogodleni. Lawa ma-receptors, abizwa ngokuthi ama-opioid receptors, alawula indlela umzimba wakho oqonda ngayo futhi usabela ngayo ezimpawini zobuhlungu.

Lapho i-methadone inamathisela kula ma-receptors, ivimba imiyalezo yobuhlungu ukuthi ingafinyeleli ebuchosheni bakho. Lokhu kudala umphumela onamandla wokukhulula ubuhlungu ongahlala isikhathi eside kunezeminye imithi ye-opioid eminingi. Imiphumela ngokuvamile iqala phakathi kwemizuzu engu-15-30 ngemuva kokujova.

Okuhlukile nge-methadone yisikhathi sayo eside sokusebenza. Ngenkathi ukujova kusebenza ngokushesha, imiphumela yayo ingahlala amahora angu-8-12 noma ngisho nangaphezulu kwabanye abantu. Lokhu kukhululeka okwandisiwe kusho ukuthi ngeke udinge ukujova njalo usuku lonke.

Umuthi futhi uthinta uhlelo lomvuzo lobuchopho bakho, yingakho usebenza ekwelapheni umlutha. Kusiza ekuvikeleni izimpawu zokuhoxisa futhi kunciphisa ukulangazelela ngaphandle kokukhiqiza i-euphoria enamandla ehambisana namanye ama-opioids uma isetshenziswa ngendlela efanele.

Kufanele Ngiyithole Kanjani I-Methadone Ejovwayo?

Ukujova i-methadone ngaso sonke isikhathi kuphathwa ochwepheshe bezempilo abaqeqeshiwe ezindaweni zezokwelapha. Awukwazi futhi akufanele uzame ukuzinika lo muthi ekhaya.

Umjovo unganikezwa emsipheni wakho (intramuscular) noma ngqo emthanjeni (intravenous), kuye ngezidingo zakho ezithile zezokwelapha. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzoqoka indlela engcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho nokuthi ngokushesha kangakanani odinga ukukhululeka kobuhlungu.

Ngaphambi kokuthola umjovo, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizobukeza umlando wakho wezokwelapha ophelele nemithi yamanje. Kudingeka bazi nganoma yikuphi ukungezwani komzimba, izinkinga zokuphefumula, noma ezinye izimo zezempilo onazo. Lolu lwazi lubasiza ukuthi banqume ukuthi umjovo we-methadone uphephelekile yini kuwe.

Ngesikhathi somjovo, uzoqashwa eduze nganoma yiziphi izimo ezingezinhle. Abahlinzeki bezempilo bazohlola ukuphefumula kwakho, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, nomfutho wegazi njalo. Lokhu kuqashwa kuqhubeka amahora amaningana ngemuva komjovo ngoba imiphumela ye-methadone ihlala isikhathi eside.

Kufanele uhlale endaweni yezokwelapha ukuze uqashwe ngemuva kokuthola umjovo we-methadone. Ithimba lezempilo lidinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uphendula kahle emuthini futhi awutholi imiphumela emibi eyingozi.

Kufanele Ngithole Umjovo We-Methadone Isikhathi Esingakanani?

Ubude bokwelashwa ngomjovo we-methadone buqondene ngokuphelele nesimo sakho sezokwelapha esithile nokuphendula emuthini. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzoqoka ukuthi udinga isikhathi esingakanani lokhu kwelashwa ngokusekelwe ezimweni zakho.

Ukuze kulawulwe ubuhlungu obukhulu, ungase uthole imijovo izinsuku ezimbalwa nje ngenkathi usemtholampilo. Uma usukwazi ukuthatha imithi yomlomo futhi, udokotela wakho cishe uzokushintshela emaphilisi noma ezinye izinhlobo zokulawulwa kobuhlungu.

Ezimweni zobuhlungu obukhulu obungapheli, isimiso somjovo singase siqhubeke isikhathi eside, kodwa ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizohlola njalo ukuthi le yindlela engcono kakhulu yini kuwe. Bazocabangela izinto ezinjengamazinga akho obuhlungu, imiphumela emibi, nesimo sakho sempilo esiphelele.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngeke ayeke ukujova i-methadone ngokuzumayo uma ubulokhu uyithola njalo. Bazokwenza uhlelo lokunciphisa kancane ukuvimbela izimpawu zokuhoxisa. Le nqubo, ebizwa ngokuthi ukunciphisa, isiza umzimba wakho ukuthi ujwayele ngokuphepha ukunciphisa amanani omuthi.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni Yokujova I-Methadone?

Ukujova i-methadone kungabangela imiphumela eceleni esukela kokulula kuya kokukhulu. Ukuqonda le miphumela engaba khona kukusiza ukuthi wazi ukuthi yini ongayilindela nokuthi nini okufanele ufune ukunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Imiphumela evame kakhulu ongase uyithole ihlanganisa ukozela, isicanucanu, ukuqunjelwa, nesiyezi. Le miphumela ivamise ukulawuleka futhi ingase ithuthuke njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi.

Nawa amanye imiphumela eceleni evame kakhulu abantu abaningi abayitholayo:

• Ukozela nokukhathala
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukuqunjelwa
• Isiyezi noma ukuzwa sengathi uyakhathala
• Ukujuluka
• Umlomo owomile
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu

Le miphumela ejwayelekile ngokuvamile yesikhashana futhi ingalawulwa ngokunakekelwa okusekelayo okuvela eqenjini lakho lezempilo.

Imiphumela eceleni engathi sína idinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha futhi ihlanganisa izinkinga zokuphefumula, ukusabela okukhulu komzimba, kanye nezinguquko zesigqi senhliziyo. Lokhu akuvamile kodwa kungaba yingozi.

Imiphumela eceleni engathi sína edinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo ihlanganisa:

• Ukuphefumula kancane noma okunzima
• Isiyezi esikhulu noma ukuquleka
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
• Ukusabela okukhulu komzimba (ukuqubuka, ukuvuvukala, ubunzima bokuphefumula)
• Ukudideka noma ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile
• Ukushaywa yisithuthwane

Uma uthola noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ezingathi sína, ithimba lakho lezempilo lizothatha isinyathelo ngokushesha ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwakho.

Ezinye izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zingenzeka ngokujova i-methadone, ikakhulukazi uma isetshenziswa isikhathi eside. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula (ukuphefumula okuhamba kancane ngendlela eyingozi), i-cardiac arrhythmias (ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile), kanye nezimpawu ezimbi zokuhoxiswa uma umuthi uyekwa kungazelelwe.

Ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula kuyisiphumela esibi esingavamile esikhathaza kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezinkinga zokuphefumula ezikhona. Ithimba lakho lezempilo liqapha lokhu ngokucophelela, ikakhulukazi emahoreni ambalwa okuqala ngemuva kokujova.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole Ukujova kwe-Methadone?

Abanye abantu akufanele bathole ukujova kwe-methadone ngenxa yengozi eyengeziwe yezinkinga ezinzima. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzohlola ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokucabangela lokhu kwelashwa.

Akufanele uthole ukujova kwe-methadone uma unezinkinga ezinzima zokuphefumula, izimo ezithile zenhliziyo, noma ukungezwani okwaziwayo ne-methadone. Abantu abanezifo zesibindi ezinzima noma izinkinga zezinso nabo bangase badinge ukwelashwa okuhlukile.

Izimo ezithile ezivame ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kokujova kwe-methadone zifaka:

• Isifuba esikhulu noma isifo sokuvinjelwa kwamaphaphu esingapheli (COPD)
• Ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwesigqi senhliziyo
• Ukungezwani okwaziwayo ne-methadone noma imithi efanayo
• Ukwehluleka kwesibindi okukhulu
• I-Paralytic ileus (amathumbu avalekile)
• Ukwelashwa kwekhanda okukhulu ngokwanda kwengcindezi yobuchopho

Lezi zimo zikhuphula kakhulu ingozi yezinkinga ezisongela impilo ezivela ekujoveni kwe-methadone.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe badinga ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile ngaphambi kokuthola ukujova kwe-methadone. Ngenkathi i-methadone ingasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ukuze kwelashwe ukulutheka, ifomu elijovwayo lidinga ukuhlolwa okucophelelayo kwengozi-inzuzo. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizocabangela kokubili impilo yakho nokuphepha kwengane yakho.

Iziguli ezikhulile nabantu abanezimo zempilo eziningi badinga ukuqapha okwengeziwe ngokujova i-methadone. Bangase babe nobucayi obukhulu emiphumeleni yomuthi futhi badinge imithamo ephansi noma ukuqapha okuvame kakhulu.

Amagama Omkhiqizo Wokujova i-Methadone

I-methadone ejovwayo itholakala ngaphansi kwamagama amaningi omkhiqizo, nakuba ivame ukutholakala njengomuthi ojwayelekile. Igama lomkhiqizo elaziwa kakhulu yi-Dolophine, eza ngesimo esijovwayo sokusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha.

Amanye amagama omkhiqizo we-methadone ejovwayo afaka i-Methadose kanye namafomula ahlukahlukene ajwayelekile. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzokhetha umkhiqizo othile noma inguqulo ejwayelekile ngokusekelwe ekutholakaleni kanye nezidingo zakho zezokwelapha.

Yonke imikhiqizo yokujova i-methadone evunywe yi-FDA iqukethe isithako esifanayo esisebenzayo futhi isebenza ngendlela efanayo. Ukukhetha phakathi kwamagama omkhiqizo kanye nezinguqulo ezijwayelekile kuvame ukuncika ezintweni ezithandwa yisikhungo sakho sezempilo kanye nokucatshangelwa kwezindleko.

Kungakhathaliseki igama lomkhiqizo, konke ukujova i-methadone kufanele kugcinwe futhi kuphathwe ngokuvumelana nemithetho eqinile yezokwelapha. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola umthamo ophephile futhi osebenzayo ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Ezinye Izindlela Zokujova i-Methadone

Ezinye izindlela zokujova i-methadone zikhona zokuphatha ubuhlungu nokwelashwa kokulutheka. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzocabangela lezi zinketho ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zakho ezithile zezokwelapha kanye nezimo.

Ukuphatha ubuhlungu, ezinye izindlela zifaka ezinye izidakamizwa ezinjenge-morphine, fentanyl, noma i-hydromorphone. Le mithi isebenza ngendlela efanayo kodwa inezikhathi ezihlukene zesenzo kanye namaphrofayili emiphumela emibi.

Ezinye izindlela ezingezona i-opioid zokuphatha ubuhlungu zifaka:

• Imithi elwa nokuvuvukala ejovwayo
• Amabhuloki emizwa anama-anesthetics endawo
• Ukufakwa kwe-Ketamine ngobuhlungu obukhulu
• Amaphampu e-analgesia alawulwa yisiguli (PCA)
• Izindlela zokuphatha ubuhlungu be-epidural noma zomgogodla

Ezinye izindlela ezingase zifaneleke kakhulu kuye ngohlobo lobuhlungu bakho kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha.

Ukwelashwa kokulutheka, i-methadone yomlomo ihlala iyindlela engcono kakhulu uma kungenzeka. Ezinye izinketho zokwelashwa ngemithi zihlanganisa i-buprenorphine (Suboxone) kanye ne-naltrexone (Vivitrol). Le mithi isebenza ngendlela ehlukile kodwa ingasebenza ekwelashweni kokulutheka kwe-opioid.

Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizokusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi yiziphi ezinye izindlela ezingase zisebenze kangcono esimweni sakho. Bazocabangela izinto ezinjengomlando wakho wezokwelapha, imithi yamanje, kanye nemigomo yokwelashwa lapho benza izincomo.

Ingabe i-Methadone Injection Ingcono Kune-Oral Methadone?

Noma ngabe i-methadone injection ingcono kune-oral methadone kuncike ngokuphelele esimweni sakho esithile sezokwelapha. Ifomu ngalinye linobuhle obuhlukile futhi lisetshenziswa ezimweni ezihlukene.

I-Methadone injection isebenza ngokushesha kunomuthi womlomo ngoba idlula uhlelo lwakho lokugaya ukudla. Lokhu kuyenza ibaluleke ezimweni eziphuthumayo noma uma ungenakukwazi ukuthatha imithi yomlomo ngenxa yesicanucanu, ukuhlanza, noma ubunzima bokugwinya.

Kodwa-ke, i-oral methadone ngokuvamile ithandwa ekwelashweni kwesikhathi eside ngoba iphephile futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Ungathatha imithi yomlomo ekhaya ngaphansi kokuqondiswa okufanele kwezokwelapha, ngenkathi imijovo idinga izikhungo zezokwelapha kanye nabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe.

Ifomu lomjovo ngokuvamile ligcinelwe izimo ezithile zezokwelapha lapho ukuphathwa ngomlomo kungenzeki noma kungasebenzi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukugula okukhulu, ukululama kokuhlinzwa, noma uma uhlelo lwakho lokugaya ukudla lungasebenzi kahle.

Ukwelashwa kokulutheka, i-oral methadone cishe ihlala ithandwa ngoba ivumela ukuphathwa okuzinzile, kwesikhathi eside. Ifomu lomjovo alivamile ukusetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kokulutheka ngaphandle kwesimo esithile.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Methadone Injection

Ingabe i-Methadone Injection Iphephile Kubantu Abanezifo Zenhliziyo?

Ukujova i-Methadone kudinga ukuqapha okwengeziwe kubantu abanezifo zenhliziyo ngoba kungathinta ukushaya kwenhliziyo. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzohlola ngokucophelela isimo senhliziyo yakho ngaphambi kokucabangela lokhu kwelashwa.

Uma unesifo senhliziyo, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizobheka ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho ngokuqinile ngesikhathi nangemva kokujova i-methadone. Bangasebenzisa i-electrocardiogram (EKG) ukuqapha ukuze baqaphele noma yiziphi izinguquko eziyingozi emsebenzini kagesi wenhliziyo yakho.

Abantu abanezinkinga ezithile zokushaya kwenhliziyo, ikakhulukazi i-long QT syndrome, kungenzeka bangabi ngabakhethiwe bokujova i-methadone. Udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza umlando wakho ophelele wenhliziyo kanye nemithi yamanje ukuze anqume ukuthi kuphephile yini kuwe.

Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngithola imiphumela emibi kakhulu evela ekujoveni i-Methadone?

Uma uthola imiphumela emibi kakhulu evela ekujoveni i-methadone, yazisa ithimba lakho lezempilo ngokushesha. Njengoba uzobe usendaweni yezokwelapha lapho uthola umjovo, usizo luzotholakala kalula.

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu efana nobunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma isiyezi esikhulu idinga ukungenelela kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ithimba lakho lezempilo liqeqeshwe ukubona nokwelapha lezi zinkinga ngokushesha.

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizoba nemithi nemishini elungele ukuguqula imiphumela eyingozi uma kunesidingo. Bangasebenzisa i-naloxone (Narcan) ukuze balwe nokucindezeleka okukhulu kokuphefumula noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha eziphuthumayo njengoba kudingeka.

Kufanele ngilindele ukuthini ngesikhathi sokululama ngemva kokujova i-Methadone?

Ukwelulama ngemva kokujova i-methadone kuhilela amahora amaningana okuqapha kwezokwelapha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi uphendula kahle emuthini. Uzohlala endaweni yezokwelapha kuze kube yilapho ithimba lakho lezempilo linquma ukuthi kuphephile ukuthi uhambe.

Ngesikhathi sokululama, ungase uzizwe ukozela, unesiyezi, noma uthole eminye imiphumela emibi emincane. Lokhu kuvamile, futhi ithimba lakho lezempilo lizokuqapha ngokuqinile. Bazohlola izimpawu zakho ezibalulekile njalo futhi baqaphele noma yiziphi izimpawu ezikhathazayo.

Akufanele ushayele noma usebenzise imishini okungenani amahora angama-24 ngemva kokuthola umjovo we-methadone. Umuthi ungaphazamisa ukusabela kwakho nokwahlulela ngisho nangemva kokuthi imiphumela yokukhulula ubuhlungu iqala ukuncipha.

Ngingayeka nini Ukuthola Umjovo We-Methadone?

Ungayeka ukuthola umjovo we-methadone lapho umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo enquma ukuthi kufanelekile ngokwezokwelapha futhi kuphephile. Lesi sinqumo sincike esimweni sakho sezokwelapha, amazinga obuhlungu, kanye nekhono lokushintshela kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Uma ubelokhu uthola imijovo ye-methadone ejwayelekile, udokotela wakho uzokwenza uhlelo lokunciphisa kancane kancane esikhundleni sokuyeka kungazelelwe. Lokhu kuvimbela izimpawu zokuhoxiswa futhi kuqinisekisa induduzo yakho eqhubekayo nokuphepha.

Isikhathi sokuyeka siyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngesimo sakho ngasinye. Abanye abantu bashintsha ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa nje, kanti abanye bangase badinge uhlelo olude lokunciphisa.

Ingabe Umjovo We-Methadone Ungasebenzisana Neminye Imithi Yami?

Yebo, umjovo we-methadone ungasebenzisana neminye imithi eminingi, yingakho ithimba lakho lezempilo libukeza uhlu lwakho oluphelele lwemithi ngaphambi kokwelashwa. Lokhu kusebenzisana kungaba yingozi futhi kungase kudingeke ukuthi kulungiswe eminye imithi yakho.

Ukusebenzisana okuyingozi ikakhulukazi kwenzeka nezinye izidambisi zesimiso sezinzwa esiphakathi njenge-benzodiazepines, utshwala, noma ezinye izidakamizwa ze-opioid. Lezi zinhlanganisela zingabangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu kokuphefumula neminye imiphumela esongela impilo.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzobheka futhi ukusebenzisana nemithi yenhliziyo, ama-antidepressants, neminye imithi ethinta ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho. Bangase badinge ukulungisa umthamo noma basebenzise ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ukuze baqinisekise ukuphepha kwakho.