Yini i-Methylnaltrexone: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Methylnaltrexone iyimithi kadokotela esiza ukukhulula ukuqunjelwa okubangelwa imithi ebanga ubuhlungu ye-opioid. Uma usebenzisa ama-opioid ukuphatha ubuhlungu futhi uhlangabezana nokuqunjelwa okukhulu, le mithi inganikeza ukukhululeka ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukulawulwa kobuhlungu bakho. Isebenza ngokuvimba imiphumela ye-opioid ngqo ohlelweni lwakho lokugaya ukudla ngenkathi ishiya ukukhululeka kobuhlungu kungathintekile kuwo wonke umzimba wakho.

Yini i-Methylnaltrexone?

I-Methylnaltrexone iyimithi ekhethekile eyenzelwe ukwelapha ukuqunjelwa okubangelwa yi-opioid. Ingowesigaba semithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-opioid antagonists, okusho ukuthi ivimba imiphumela ethile ye-opioid ezingxenyeni ezithile zomzimba wakho. Imithi iza ngomjovo ongaphansi kwesikhumba, okusho ukuthi inikezwa njengesibhamu ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho, okufana nendlela abantu abanesifo sikashukela abazenzela ngayo imijovo ye-insulin.

Le mithi yakhelwe ngqo ukusebenza kuphela ohlelweni lwakho lokugaya ukudla futhi ayiweli ebuchosheni bakho. Lo mklamo oyingqayizivele usho ukuthi ungenza ukuthi umsebenzi wamathumbu ojwayelekile ubuyele esimweni sawo ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukukhululeka kobuhlungu okukuthola emithini yakho ye-opioid. Ilusizo ikakhulukazi kubantu abadinga ukwelashwa kwe-opioid yesikhathi eside kodwa abahlangabezana nokuqunjelwa okungakhululeki njengomphumela oceleni.

Yini i-methylnaltrexone esetshenziselwa yona?

I-Methylnaltrexone iphatha ukuqunjelwa okubangelwa yi-opioid kubantu abadala abasebenzisa imithi ebanga ubuhlungu ye-opioid njalo. Lolu hlobo lokuqunjelwa luhluke ekuqunjelweni okuvamile ngoba lubangelwa ama-opioid anciphisa uhlelo lwakho lokugaya ukudla. Abantu abaningi abasebenzisa ama-opioid ngenxa yobuhlungu obungapheli, ubuhlungu bomdlavuza, noma ngemva kokuhlinzwa bahlangabezana nalo mphumela oceleni onzima.

Umuthi uvame ukunqunywa lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ukuqina kwamathumbu zingasebenzi kahle ngokwanele. Udokotela wakho angase akuphakamise uma uzamile ukwandisa i-fiber, izithambisi zendle, noma ama-laxatives ngaphandle kokuthola impumuzo eyanele. Kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abadinga ukuqhubeka nokuthatha ama-opioids ukuze balawule ubuhlungu kodwa bafuna ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwamathumbu okuvamile.

Kwezinye izimo, odokotela baphinda banqume i-methylnaltrexone kubantu abanezifo eziqhubekayo abathola ukunakekelwa kwe-palliative. Lokhu kusiza ukuthuthukisa izinga lempilo ngokubhekana nomunye wemiphumela engathokomele kakhulu yemithi yobuhlungu edingekayo.

Isebenza kanjani i-methylnaltrexone?

I-Methylnaltrexone isebenza ngokuvimba ama-opioid receptors ngqo ohlelweni lwakho lokugaya ukudla. Uma uthatha imithi yobuhlungu ye-opioid, inamathisela kuma-receptors emzimbeni wakho wonke, okuhlanganisa emathunjini akho. Ngenkathi lokhu kunikeza impumuzo yobuhlungu, futhi kunciphisa ukunyakaza kokudla kanye nemfucuza ngamathumbu akho, okuholela ekuqineni kwamathumbu.

Lo muthi uklanywe ngesakhiwo esikhethekile esiwuvimbela ukuthi ungaweqi umgoqo we-blood-brain. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngeke ukwazi ukufinyelela kuma-opioid receptors ebuchosheni bakho alawula ukukhululeka kobuhlungu. Esikhundleni salokho, igxila kuphela kuma-opioid receptors emathunjini akho, ivumela uhlelo lwakho lokugaya ukudla ukuthi lusebenze ngokujwayelekile ngenkathi ligcina imithi yakho yobuhlungu isebenza kahle.

Umuthi uthathwa njengomuthi onamandla ngokulinganisela futhi ngokuvamile ukhiqiza ukunyakaza kwamathumbu kungakapheli amahora ambalwa kuya osukwini olulodwa ngemva komjovo. Abantu abaningi bayakuthola ukuthi kusebenza kahle kakhulu ngenjongo yayo ehlosiwe, nakuba izimpendulo zomuntu ngamunye zingahluka ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezifana nempilo yakho yonke nokuthi sekuyisikhathi esingakanani uthatha ama-opioids.

Kufanele ngiyithathe kanjani i-methylnaltrexone?

I-Methylnaltrexone inikezwa njengomjovo ongaphansi kwesikhumba, okusho ukuthi wena noma umnakekeli uzoyijova ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzokufundisa indlela efanele yokujova futhi akukhombise izindawo ezingcono kakhulu zokujova, ngokuvamile ithanga lakho, isisu, noma ingalo engenhla. Umjovo uvame ukunikezwa ngosuku olulodwa, kodwa udokotela wakho uzonquma isimiso esifanele sesimo sakho esithile.

Akudingeki ukuthi usebenzise lo muthi ngemva kokudla, futhi awekho imikhawulo ethile yokudla. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlala unamanzi kahle uma usebenzisa noma yimuphi umuthi othinta ukusebenza kwamathumbu. Umjovo kufanele unikezwe emazingeni okushisa egumbi, ngakho-ke uzodinga ukuwukhipha esiqandisini cishe imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokujova.

Njalo shintshanisa izindawo zakho zokujova ukuvimbela ukucasuka kwesikhumba noma ukulimala kwesicubu. Gcina umkhondo wokuthi uke wajova kuphi muva nje bese ukhetha indawo ehlukile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uma ungakhululekile ukuzijova wena, ilungu lomndeni noma umnakekeli angafunda ukukusiza, noma ungase ukwazi ukuthola imijovo ehhovisi likadokotela wakho.

Ngingayithatha isikhathi esingakanani i-methylnaltrexone?

Ubude bokwelashwa nge-methylnaltrexone buxhomeke ekutheni udinga ukuthatha isikhathi esingakanani imithi yokwelapha ubuhlungu be-opioid. Njengoba lo muthi welapha umphumela ohlangothini we-opioids kunokuthi ube yisimo esiyisisekelo, ngokuvamile uzowusebenzisa uma nje uhlangabezana nokuqunjelwa okubangelwa yi-opioid. Lokhu kungase kube ngamasonto, izinyanga, noma ngisho nangaphezulu kubantu abanezimo zobuhlungu ezingapheli.

Udokotela wakho uzohlola njalo ukuthi usawudinga yini umuthi. Uma umthamo wakho we-opioid wehla noma uma uyeka ukuthatha ama-opioids ngokuphelele, cishe uzokwazi ukuyeka i-methylnaltrexone futhi. Abanye abantu bathola ukuthi ukuqunjelwa kwabo kuthuthuka ngokwanele ukuthi bangakwazi ukuphatha ngeminye imithi, okubavumela ukuthi bayeke imijovo.

Kubalulekile ukuthi ungayeki i-methylnaltrexone ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokukhuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Nakuba ingenzi umlutha, ukuyeka ngokuphazima kungase kubangele ukuqunjelwa kwakho kubuye ngokushesha. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi unqume indlela engcono kakhulu yesimo sakho.

Yiziphi iziphumela ezingezinhle ze-methylnaltrexone?

Abantu abaningi bayayibekezelela kahle i-methylnaltrexone, kodwa njengayo yonke imithi, ingabangela imiphumela emibi. Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ngokuvamile ithambile futhi ihlobene nezinguquko ohlelweni lwakho lokugaya ukudla njengoba lulungela ukusebenza okuvamile.

Nawa amanye amiphumela emibi evamile ongase uyithole:

• Ubuhlungu besisu noma ukuqaqamba, okuvame ukwenzeka lapho umsebenzi wakho wamathumbu ubuyela kokujwayelekile
• Isicanucanu, ikakhulukazi emithini embalwa yokuqala njengoba uhlelo lwakho luzilungisa
• Ukuqunjelwa, ikakhulukazi uma uhlelo lwakho lungalungisi kahle ukuqunjelwa
• Ukuphendula kwendawo yokujova njengobubomvu, ukuvuvukala, noma ubuhlungu obuncane lapho uthole khona umjovo
• Ukuqina noma igesi njengoba uhlelo lwakho lokugaya ukudla lusebenza kakhulu
• Isiyezi, esingase senzeke uma womile ngenxa yokwanda komsebenzi wamathumbu

Le miphumela emibi evamile ivame ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho uzilungisa emuthini futhi njengoba umsebenzi wakho wamathumbu uzinzile.

Kukhona neminye imiphumela emibi engavamile kodwa engathi sína okufanele uyazi:

• Ubuhlungu besisu obukhulu obungathuthuki, obungabonisa ukuvinjelwa kwamathumbu
• Ukwesatshwa okuqhubekayo okukuvimbela ukuthi ungagcini uketshezi phansi
• Izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni njengokoma okukhulu, umlomo owomile, noma ukuncipha komchamo
• Ukuphendula okukhulu komzimba, nakuba lokhu kungavamile
• Izimpawu ezingase zibonise ukuhoxiswa kwe-opioid, njengokujuluka, ukukhathazeka, noma ubuhlungu bemisipha

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezinzima noma ezikhathazayo, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi izinzuzo zokuthuthukiswa komsebenzi wamathumbu zidlula ukungakhululeki kwesikhashana kwemiphumela emibi.

Ubani okungafanele athathe i-methylnaltrexone?

I-Methylnaltrexone ayiphephile kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi kunezimo eziningana ezibalulekile lapho kungafanele isetshenziswe khona. Udokotela wakho uzobukeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokukuchazela lo muthi ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi uphephile kuwe.

Akufanele uthathe i-methylnaltrexone uma unezinye zalezi zimo:

• Ukuvinjelwa kwamathumbu okwaziwayo noma ukuvaleka, njengoba umuthi ungenza lesi simo esiyingozi sibe sibi kakhulu
• Isifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo esisebenzayo njengesifo sikaCrohn noma i-ulcerative colitis ngesikhathi sokugqashuka
• Isifo sezinso esibi, njengoba umuthi ucutshungulwa ngezinso zakho
• Ukungezwani komzimba ne-methylnaltrexone noma yiziphi izithako emjovweni
• Ukucatshangelwa kokugqobhoza emathunjini akho okugayeka kokudla

Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa ukuqapha okwengeziwe uma unezinye izimo ezingase zikhuphule ingozi yakho yezinkinga:

• Izinkinga eziphakathi nendawo kuya kweziphakathi nendawo zezinso, ezingase zidinge ukulungiswa komthamo
• Umlando wokuhlinzwa kwamathumbu, ikakhulukazi izinqubo zakamuva
• I-Diverticulitis noma ezinye izimo ezivuvukalayo zamathumbu amakhulu
• Isifo sesibindi esibi esingase sithinte indlela umzimba wakho ocubungula ngayo umuthi
• Ukukhulelwa noma izinhlelo zokukhulelwa, njengoba idatha yokuphepha ilinganiselwe

Njalo tshela umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngazo zonke izimo zakho zezokwelapha kanye nemithi yamanje ngaphambi kokuqala i-methylnaltrexone. Lokhu kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi umuthi uphephile futhi usebenza kahle esimweni sakho esithile.

Igama lomkhiqizo we-Methylnaltrexone

I-Methylnaltrexone itholakala ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi Relistor. Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu ukunconywa lomuthi futhi luza ngemijovo esivele igcwalisiwe yokujovwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Uhlobo lomkhiqizo kanye nanoma yiziphi izinhlobo ezivamile ziqukethe isithako esifanayo esisebenzayo futhi zisebenza ngendlela efanayo.

Ezinye izinhlelo zomshuwalense zingase zibe nokukhetha ngohlobo lomkhiqizo uma kuqhathaniswa nemithi ejwayelekile, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukuxhumana nomhlinzeki wakho womshuwalense mayelana nokuhlanganiswa. Umuthi wakho womuthi naye angakusiza ukuthi uqonde izinketho zakho kanye nanoma iyiphi imininingwane yezindleko phakathi kwezindlela ezitholakalayo.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Methylnaltrexone

Uma i-methylnaltrexone ingakulungele, kunezinketho eziningana zokwelapha ezinye zokuqunjelwa okubangelwa yi-opioid. Udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuzama lezi ezinye izindlela ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile kanye nomlando wezokwelapha.

Eminye imithi kadokotela yokuqunjelwa okubangelwa yi-opioid ihlanganisa:

• I-Naloxegol (Movantik), ethathwa njengepilisi yansuku zonke kunokuba umjovo
• I-Naldemedine (Symproic), omunye umuthi omlomo osebenza ngendlela efanayo
• I-Lubiprostone (Amitiza), esebenza ngendlela ehlukile ngokwandisa uketshezi emathunjini akho

Izindlela ezingekho emthethweni kadokotela ezingase zinconywe udokotela wakho zihlanganisa:

• Izithambisi ezinjenge-osmotic ezifana ne-polyethylene glycol (Miralax)
• Izithambisi ezikhuthazayo ezifana ne-senna noma i-bisacodyl
• Izithambisi zokuthambisa izihlalo ezifana ne-docusate
• Ukwanda kwe-fiber yokudla kanye nokuthathwa koketshezi
• Umsebenzi ojwayelekile womzimba njengoba kutholakala

Indlela engcono kakhulu ivame ukubandakanya ukuhlanganisa amasu ahlukene. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angakusiza ukuthi uthuthukise uhlelo olubanzi olubhekana nokuqunjelwa kwakho ngenkathi kugcinwa ukulawulwa kobuhlungu obusebenzayo.

Ingabe i-methylnaltrexone ingcono kune-naloxegol?

Kokubili i-methylnaltrexone kanye ne-naloxegol ziyasebenza ekwelapheni ukuqunjelwa okubangelwa yi-opioid, kodwa zinezinto ezahlukene ezizuzisayo ngokuya ngesimo sakho. Ukukhetha phakathi kwazo kuvame ukuncika ezintweni ozithandayo, indlela yakho yokuphila, nokuthi umzimba wakho usabela kanjani emithini ngayinye.

I-Methylnaltrexone ingase ibe ngcono uma ukhetha ukuthatha imithi engavamile, njengoba ngokuvamile inikezwa ngosuku olulodwa ngosuku olulandelayo kunokuba nsuku zonke. Abanye abantu bathola ukuthi umjovo usebenza ngokushesha nangokwethembeka kunezithako zomlomo. Kungase kube yinto enhle uma unzima ukukhumbula ukuthatha imithi yansuku zonke noma uma unezinkinga zokugaya ezithinta ukumuncwa kwamaphilisi.

I-Naloxegol ingase ithandeke uma ungenamahloni ngemijovo noma ukhetha ukuthatha iphilisi kalula. Ithathwa kanye ngosuku ngomlomo futhi ayidingi izinto zokujova noma amasu. Abanye abantu bathola ukuthi imithi yomlomo kulula ukuyihlanganisa nomsebenzi wabo wansuku zonke.

Zombili lezi zithako zisebenza ngezindlela ezifanayo futhi zisebenza kahle ngendlela efanayo kubantu abaningi. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi uhlole izinzuzo kanye nobubi bezinketho ngayinye ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zakho, okuthandayo, kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa nge-methylnaltrexone

Ingabe i-methylnaltrexone iphephile ezigulini ezinokugula kwezinso?

I-Methylnaltrexone idinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela uma unezifo zezinso. Njengoba izinso zakho zisiza ukucubungula nokususa lo muthi emzimbeni wakho, izinkinga zezinso zingathinta indlela umuthi osebenza ngayo futhi zikhuphule ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi.

Uma unezifo zezinso eziphakathi nendawo, udokotela wakho angase akunikeze umthamo ophansi noma akuqaphele kakhulu ngenkathi uthatha umuthi. Kubantu abanezifo zezinso ezinzima, i-methylnaltrexone ngokuvamile ayinconyelwe ngoba ingase yakheke ohlelweni lwakho futhi ibangele izinkinga.

Hlala wazisa umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo nganoma yiziphi izinkinga zezinso onazo, ngisho noma zibonakala zincane. Bangase bafune ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezinso zakho ngezivivinyo zegazi ngaphambi kokuqala umuthi futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ngenkathi uwuthatha.

Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngingalisebenzisi ngengozi i-methylnaltrexone eningi kakhulu?

Uma ngengozi ujova i-methylnaltrexone eningi kakhulu, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo noma isikhungo sokulawula ubuthi ngokushesha. Ngenkathi ukweqisa kungavamile ngalo muthi, ukuthatha okuningi kungase kubangele ukuqaqamba okukhulu kwesisu, isifo sohudo, isicanucanu, noma ukuhlanza.

Ungazami ukuzelapha ukweqisa noma ulinde ukubona ukuthi izimpawu ziyavela yini. Noma ngabe uzizwa kahle ekuqaleni, kubalulekile ukuthola iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Imiphumela yomuthi omningi kakhulu ingase ingaveli ngokushesha kodwa ingase ibe yingozi.

Gcina ukupakishwa komuthi unawe uma ufuna usizo, njengoba lolu lwazi lungaba usizo kubahlinzeki bezempilo. Esikhathini esizayo, hlola kabili umthamo wakho kanye nekhono lokujova ukuze uvimbele ukweqisa ngengozi.

Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo we-methylnaltrexone?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo we-methylnaltrexone, yithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, ngaphandle uma sekuseduze nesikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe. Kulokho, weqa umthamo ophuthelwe bese uqhubeka neshejuli yakho yokulinganisa ejwayelekile. Ungathathi imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ulungise umthamo ophuthelwe.

Ukuphuthelwa umthamo ngezikhathi ezithile akuyona ingozi, kodwa ungase uqaphele ukuthi ukuqunjelwa kwakho kuyabuya noma kube kubi okwesikhashana. Uma uvame ukukhohlwa imithamo, cabanga ukusetha izikhumbuzi zocingo noma usebenzise uhlelo lokusebenza lokulandela imithi ukukusiza ukuthi uhlale esimisweni.

Uma uphuthelwa imithamo njalo, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngamasu okuthuthukisa ukunamathela noma ukuthi ngabe ishejuli yomuthi ehlukile ingasebenza kangcono yini ngendlela yakho yokuphila.

Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-methylnaltrexone?

Ngokuvamile ungaqeda ukuthatha i-methylnaltrexone lapho ungasayidingi ngenxa yokuqunjelwa okubangelwa yi-opioid. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka lapho unciphisa umthamo wakho we-opioid kakhulu, uyeka ukuthatha ama-opioid ngokuphelele, noma uthola ukuthi ukuqunjelwa kwakho kuthuthuke ngokwanele ukuthi kulawulwe ngezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Njalo xoxa ngokuyeka umuthi nodokotela wakho kunokuzinqumela wena. Bangakusiza ukuthi unqume isikhathi esingcono kakhulu nokuthi ngabe udinga ukunciphisa umthamo kancane kancane noma ungaqeda ngokushesha.

Abanye abantu bathola ukuthi ukusebenza kwamathumbu abo kuqhubeka nokuthuthuka ngisho nangemva kokuyeka i-methylnaltrexone, ikakhulukazi uma benze izinguquko ekudleni noma endleleni yokuphila. Abanye bangase badinge ukuqhubeka nokuthatha umuthi uma ukuqunjelwa kubuya lapho beyeka.

Ngingayithatha i-methylnaltrexone nezinye izithambisi?

Ngokuvamile ungathatha i-methylnaltrexone nezinye izithambisi, kodwa lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwezokwelapha. Udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlanganisa ukwelashwa uma udinga usizo olwengeziwe ngokuqunjelwa, kodwa bazofuna ukukuqapha ngokucophelela ukuvimbela ukusebenza kwamathumbu ngokweqile.

Uma usuvele uthatha ezinye izithambisi lapho uqala i-methylnaltrexone, udokotela wakho angase alungise lezo zilinganiso ukuvimbela isifo sohudo noma ukuqaqamba. Inhlanganisela yokwelashwa ingasebenza kahle kakhulu, kodwa idinga ukuxhumana ngokucophelela ukuze kugwenywe ukulungiswa ngokweqile.

Njalo tshela umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngakho konke ukwelashwa kokuqunjelwa okusebenzisayo, okuhlanganisa imithi etholakala ngaphandle kwekhawunta, izithasiselo, kanye nemithi yasekhaya. Lokhu kubasiza ukuthi baklame uhlelo lokwelapha oluphephile nolusebenzayo kuwe.