Yini i-Nalmefene Nasal Spray: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Nalmefene nasal spray iyimithi esindisa impilo engahlehlisa ukweqisa kwe-opioid ngemizuzu. Ivimba ama-receptor e-opioid ebuchosheni bakho, ngokushesha iqede imiphumela eyingozi ye-heroin eningi kakhulu, i-fentanyl, izidambisi zokuhlungu, noma amanye ama-opioid.

Le mithi iza njenge-nasal spray esilungele ukusetshenziswa noma ubani ongafunda ukuyiphatha ngesikhathi esiphuthumayo. Cabanga ngayo njengenkinobho yokusetha kabusha esiphuthumayo yomuntu ukuphefumula kwakhe okuye kwancipha noma kwayeka ngenxa yokweqisa kwe-opioid.

Yini i-Nalmefene Esetshenziselwa Yona?

I-Nalmefene nasal spray iphatha ukweqisa kwe-opioid okusolwayo lapho umuntu ethatha izinto eziningi kakhulu zalezi zinto. Ungase uyidinge uma othile okuzungezile esebenzise i-heroin, i-fentanyl, i-oxycodone, i-morphine, noma eminye imithi ye-opioid futhi ekhombisa izimpawu zokweqisa.

Izimpawu ezikhathazayo kakhulu zihlanganisa ukuphefumula okuncane kakhulu noma okungekho, izindebe eziluhlaza noma izinzipho, ukungazi lutho, nokungakwazi ukuvusa umuntu ngisho nangemisindo emikhulu noma ubuhlungu. Lezi zimpawu zisho ukuthi ubuchopho bomuntu abutholi umoya-mpilo owanele, okungase kube yingozi ngemizuzu.

Abaphenduli bezimo eziphuthumayo, amalungu omndeni, nabangane babantu abasebenzisa ama-opioid bavame ukuthwala le mithi. Yenzelwe izimo lapho wonke umzuzwana ubalulekile futhi usizo lwezokwelapha oluchwepheshile lungase lungafiki ngokushesha okwanele.

Isebenza Kanjani i-Nalmefene?

I-Nalmefene iyi-opioid antagonist enamandla esebenza ngokuvimba ama-receptor e-opioid ebuchosheni bakho. Lapho ama-opioid egcwalisa la ma-receptor ngesikhathi sokweqisa, anciphisa imisebenzi ebalulekile efana nokuphefumula nesilinganiso senhliziyo.

Le mithi isebenza njengokhiye ongalingana ngaphakathi kwamakhiye afanayo nama-opioid kodwa ayiwavuli. Esikhundleni salokho, ivimbela ama-opioid ukuthi angafinyeleli lawa ma-receptor, ngempumelelo iguqula imiphumela yawo eyingozi. Imithi isebenza ngaphakathi kwemizuzu emi-2 kuya kwemi-5 ngemva kokuphathwa.

I-Nalmefene inesikhathi eside sokusebenza uma iqhathaniswa ne-naloxone, ngokuvamile ihlala amahora angu-4 kuya kwangu-6. Lokhu kuvikeleka okwandisiwe kubaluleke kakhulu ngama-opioid asebenza isikhathi eside njenge-methadone noma amafomula akhishwa kancane angase abangele ukuthi izimpawu zibuye.

Kufanele Ngiyisebenzise Kanjani I-Nalmefene Nasal Spray?

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-nalmefene nasal spray kudinga isenzo esisheshayo kodwa esinakekelayo ngesikhathi esiphuthumayo. Okokuqala, shayela ku-911 ngokushesha ngaphambi kokusebenzisa umuthi, njengoba ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuchwepheshile kuhlala kudingekile ngemuva kokweqisa.

Susa idivayisi emaphaketheni ayo bese ufaka ithiphu ngokuqinile emgodini owodwa wamakhala. Cindezela i-plunger ngokuqinile futhi ngokushesha ukuze unikeze umthamo wonke. Umuntu akadingi ukuhogela noma ukuba oqwashile ukuze umuthi usebenze.

Nakhu okufanele ukwenze isinyathelo ngesinyathelo uma usola ukweqisa:

1. Shayela ku-911 noma izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha
2. Hlola ukuthi umuntu uyaphendula yini ngokumemeza igama lakhe noma ngokukhuhla isifuba sakhe
3. Susa i-nalmefene emaphaketheni bese ufaka emgodini wamakhala
4. Cindezela i-plunger ngokuqinile ukuze unikeze umthamo ogcwele
5. Qala ukuphefumula kokuhlenga noma i-CPR uma uqeqeshiwe
6. Hlala nomuntu kuze kube yilapho usizo oluphuthumayo lufika

Uma umuntu engaphenduli ngemizuzu emi-2 kuya kwemi-3, ungase udinge ukunikeza umthamo wesibili komunye umgodi wamakhala. Qhubeka nemizamo yokuhlenga bese ulinda usizo lwezokwelapha oluchwepheshile ukuthi lufike.

Kufanele Ngiyigcine Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Nalmefene Itholakala?

I-nalmefene nasal spray kufanele igcinwe itholakala kalula uma nje kukhona ingozi yokweqisa i-opioid endaweni yakho. Umuthi unedethi yokuphelelwa yisikhathi eprintwe ephasheni, ngokuvamile ihlala iminyaka emi-2 kuya kwemi-3 uma igcinwe kahle.

Gcina idivayisi ekamelweni lokushisa, kude nokushisa nelanga eliqondile. Ungayigcini ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu njengamakhompathimenti e-glove yemoto noma izindawo ezibanda kakhulu njengamafriza, njengoba amazinga okushisa aphezulu angathinta ukusebenza kwayo.

Shintsha amadivaysi aphelelwe yisikhathi ngokushesha futhi cabangela ukuba namayunithi amaningi atholakala ezindaweni ezahlukene uma unakekela umuntu osengozini enkulu. Abantu abaningi bagcina elilodwa ekhaya, elilodwa emotweni yabo, nelilodwa emsebenzini noma kwezinye izindawo ezivakashelwa njalo.

Yiziphi Izimo Ezingezinhle Zomuthi i-Nalmefene?

Umuntu othola i-nalmefene angase abe nezimpawu zokuhoxiswa njengoba umuthi uvimba imiphumela ye-opioid. Lezi zimpawu azikhululekile kodwa azisongeli ukuphila, futhi zibonisa ukuthi umuthi usebenza kahle.

Izimpawu ezivamile zokuhoxiswa ezingase zivele ngokushesha zihlanganisa:

• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukujuluka nokubanda
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• Ukukhathazeka noma ukucasuka
• Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha nobuhlungu
• Ukhwehlela nokuklebhuka

Lezi zimpawu zenzeka ngoba umzimba uye wancika kuma-opioid, futhi ukuvimba ngokushesha imiphumela yawo kudala ukusabela okubuyayo. Nakuba kudabukisa, lezi zimpawu ziqinisekisa ukuthi umuthi uphumelela ekulweni nokweqisa.

Umuntu angase futhi abe nokudideka, isiyezi, noma ikhanda elibuhlungu njengoba ubuchopho babo bujwayela umuthi. Abanye abantu baba nolaka noma bacasuke lapho bephinde baqaphela, yingakho kubalulekile ukuhlala uzolile futhi ubavikele.

Ngokungavamile, abanye abantu bangase babe nokusabela okukhulu njengokuhlaselwa, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula. Lezi zimo ezingezinhle ezingathi sína zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha, yingakho ukushayela u-911 ngaphambi kokunikeza umuthi kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ubani Ongafanele Asebenzise i-Nalmefene?

I-Nalmefene ngokuvamile iphephile ukusetshenziswa eziphuthumayo, kodwa kunezinye izinto ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe. Abantu abaziwa ukuthi banezinto ezingezwani ne-nalmefene noma imithi efanayo kufanele bayigweme, nakuba ekweqiseni okusongela ukuphila, izinzuzo ngokuvamile zidlula izingozi.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe abasebenzisa ama-opioids njalo bangase bahlangabezane nezinkinga uma benikezwa i-nalmefene, njengoba ingabangela izimpawu zokuhoxisa ezingase zithinte ingane. Kodwa-ke, ukusindisa impilo kamama kubalulekile, futhi ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bangakwazi ukulawula noma yiziphi izinkinga eziphakamayo.

Abantu abanezifo zenhliziyo ezinzima bangase babe nobucayi obukhulu ezingxenyeni ezisheshayo ezenzeka lapho ama-opioids evinjwa ngokuzumayo. Izinga lenhliziyo yabo nomfutho wegazi kungase kushintshe kakhulu, okudinga ukuqashwa ngokucophelela ngochwepheshe bezokwelapha.

Labo abathatha imithi ethile yokucindezeleka noma ezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo bangase bahlangabezane nezimpawu zokuhoxisa eziqiniswe kakhulu. Lokhu akusho ukuthi akufanele bathole i-nalmefene esimweni esiphuthumayo, kodwa bangase badinge ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kwezokwelapha ngesikhathi sokululama.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Nalmefene

I-nalmefene nasal spray itholakala ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi Opvee e-United States. Lena iyona fomula eyinhloko yezentengiso eyenzelwe ukuguqulwa kwe-overdose esiphuthumayo ngabasebenzi abangewona abezokwelapha.

Umuthi ungase futhi utholakale ngabakhiqizi abahlukene noma ngaphansi kwamagama ajwayelekile kwezinye izifunda. Kodwa-ke, ifomula ethile ye-nasal spray yokuguqulwa kwe-overdose yaziwa kakhulu njenge-Opvee.

Ezinye izibhedlela nezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo zingase zisebenzise izinhlobo ze-nalmefene ezigcwalisekayo, kodwa lezi zidinga ukuqeqeshwa kwezokwelapha ukuze ziphathe ngokuphepha. Inguqulo ye-nasal spray yenzelwe ngokuqondile ukusetshenziswa ngamalungu omndeni, abangane, nabasabela kuqala ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa okukhulu kwezokwelapha.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Nalmefene

I-naloxone nasal spray (Narcan) iyona ndlela ejwayelekile ye-nalmefene yokuguqulwa kwe-overdose. Yomibili imithi isebenza ngendlela efanayo ngokuvimba ama-opioid receptors, kodwa inomehluko obalulekile ngesikhathi nangamandla.

I-Naloxone ngokuvamile isebenza imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-90, okuyisikhathi esincane kunokuvikelwa kwamahora angu-4 kuya kwangu-6 kwe-nalmefene. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu abanikezwe i-naloxone bangase badinge imithamo ephindwayo noma bangase babe nezimpawu zokweqisa umthamo zibuye njengoba imithi iphela.

I-naloxone ejovwayo itholakala ochwepheshe bezokwelapha kanye nabantu abaqeqeshiwe, inikeza ukuqala okusheshayo kakhulu kodwa idinga izinaliti kanye nekhono elifanele lokujova. Amadivayisi e-auto-injector afana ne-Evzio anikeza imithamo elinganiselwe ngaphambili eneziyalezo zezwi zokusetshenziswa eziphuthumayo.

Ukukhetha phakathi kwale mithi kuvame ukuncika ekutholakaleni, kuma-opioids athile abandakanyekayo, kanye nemithetho yezimo eziphuthumayo yendawo. Imiphakathi eminingi igxila ekusabalaliseni i-naloxone ngenxa yokutholakala kwayo okubanzi kanye nezindleko eziphansi.

Ingabe i-Nalmefene Ingcono Kune-Naloxone?

I-Nalmefene inikeza ukuvikelwa okuhlala isikhathi eside ekweqiseni umthamo we-opioid uma kuqhathaniswa ne-naloxone, okungaba kubalulekile ngama-opioids anamandla noma asebenza isikhathi eside. Isikhathi sayo samahora angu-4 kuya kwangu-6 sinikeza umkhawulo wokuphepha omkhulu kunemizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-90 ye-naloxone.

Lokhu kuvikelwa okwandisiwe kubaluleke kakhulu nge-fentanyl kanye namanye ama-opioids okwenziwa anamandla angabangela ukuthi izimpawu zokweqisa umthamo zibuye ngokushesha. Isenzo eside se-Nalmefene singanciphisa isidingo semithamo eminingi noma ingozi yokuphinda uqise umthamo.

Nokho, i-naloxone itholakale isikhathi eside futhi isatshalaliswa kabanzi ngezinhlelo zomphakathi. Abaphenduli bokuqala abaningi kanye namalungu omndeni asevele eqeqeshwe ekuyisebenziseni, futhi ivame ukutholakala ngezindleko eziphansi noma mahhala.

Zombili lezi zithako zisebenza kahle kakhulu ekuguquleni ukweqisa umthamo uma zisetshenziswa ngendlela efanele. Ukukhetha

INalmefene ingasetshenziswa kubantu abanezifo zenhliziyo ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo zokweqisa umthamo, kodwa ingase ibangele izinguquko ezinzima kakhulu ekushayeni kwenhliziyo nasegazi. Umuthi usebenza ngokuvimba ngokushesha imiphumela ye-opioid, engase igcizelele uhlelo lwe-cardiovascular.

Abantu abanezimo zenhliziyo bangase bahlangabezane nokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma izinguquko zomfutho wegazi njengoba umzimba wabo uzivumela emuthini. Kodwa-ke, lezi zingozi ngokuvamile zidlulwa yimvelo esongela impilo yokweqisa umthamo we-opioid.

Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bazogada ngokucophelela ukusebenza kwenhliziyo ngemuva kokuphathwa kwe-nalmefene futhi bangahlinzeka ngokunakekelwa okusekelayo kunoma yiziphi izinkinga ze-cardiovascular eziphakamayo. Okubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinsizakalo zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo zibiziwe ngaphambi kokunikeza umuthi.

Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuthelwa nginikeza i-Nalmefene eningi kakhulu?

Kunzima ukunikeza i-nalmefene eningi kakhulu usebenzisa idivayisi yokufutha ngamakhala, njengoba iyunithi ngayinye iqukethe umthamo olinganiselwe ngaphambilini. Kodwa-ke, ukunikeza imithamo eminingi lapho okukodwa kuphela okwakudingeka kungase kuqhubeke izimpawu zokuhoxiswa.

Uma unikeze okuningi kunokudingekile, hlala nomuntu bese umqapha ngezimpawu ezimbi zokuhoxiswa njengokuhlaselwa, ukucasuka okukhulu, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula. Lezi zinkinga zidinga ukunakwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Umuntu angase ahlangabezane nesicanucanu esinamandla, ukuhlanza, ukujuluka, nokukhathazeka ngemithamo ephezulu. Bagcine bekhululekile, banikeze isiqinisekiso, futhi baqinisekise ukuthi bathola ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ngisho noma bebonakala belulama ngokushesha.

Kufanele ngenzeni uma umuntu engavuki ngemuva kwe-Nalmefene?

Uma umuntu engaphenduli phakathi kwemizuzu emi-2 kuya kwemi-3 ngemuva komthamo wokuqala, kungase kudingeke ukuthi unikeze umthamo wesibili emgodini wamanye amakhala. Ukweqisa umthamo okuthile kuhilela amanani aphezulu kakhulu e-opioids adinga imithi eyengeziwe ukuze ibuyiselwe.

Qhubeka nokuphefumula kokuhlenga noma i-CPR uma uqeqeshiwe ngenkathi ulinde ukuthi umuthi usebenze. Umuntu angase abe nezinye izimo zezokwelapha noma angase athathe izinto ngaphandle kwama-opioids ezingeke zisabele ku-nalmefene.

Qhubeka uzama ukumbangula ngamazwi aphakeme noma ukumthuthumisa ngobumnene, kodwa gwema noma yini engabangela ukulimala. Izinsiza zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo zizoba neminye imithi nemishini yokusiza uma i-nalmefene yodwa inganele.

Ungasebenzisa nini umuntu ama-Opioids futhi ngemva kokuthola i-Nalmefene?

Abantu akufanele basebenzise ama-opioids futhi kuze kube yilapho i-nalmefene isusiwe ngokuphelele ohlelweni lwabo, okuthatha amahora angu-6 kuya kwangu-8 ngokuvamile. Ukusebenzisa ama-opioids ngokushesha kungaholela kwenye i-overdose, okungenzeka ibe yimbi kakhulu kuneyokuqala.

Umuntu angase azizwe enezifiso eziqinile noma izimpawu zokuhoxiswa ngalesi sikhathi, kodwa ukusebenzisa ama-opioids ukukhulula le mizwa kuyingozi kakhulu. Ukubekezelelana kwabo kungancipha, okubenza bathambekele kakhulu ku-overdose ngamanani amancane.

Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bangahlinzeka ngezindlela eziphephile zokuphatha izimpawu zokuhoxiswa futhi bangaxoxa ngezinketho zokwelashwa zokuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwe-opioid. Le nkinga ivame ukunikeza ithuba lokuxhumana nezinsizakalo zokwelashwa kokulutheka nokusekela.

Ngingamnika i-Nalmefene umuntu osebenzisa ama-Opioids ngezizathu zezokwelapha?

Yebo, i-nalmefene inganikezwa kunoma ubani obhekene ne-overdose ye-opioid, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi basebenzisa ama-opioids ngezizathu zezokwelapha noma zokuzijabulisa. Umuthi usebenza ngendlela efanayo futhi ungasindisa impilo kunoma yisiphi isimo.

Abantu abathatha ama-opioids kadokotela ukuze baphathe ubuhlungu bangase babe nezimpawu zokuhoxiswa ezinzima kakhulu ngoba imizimba yabo ijwayele amazinga avamile e-opioid. Nokho, ukusindisa impilo yabo kubalulekile kunokungakhululeki kwesikhashana.

Ngemva kokuthola i-nalmefene, abantu abasebenzisa ama-opioid kadokotela kufanele basebenzisane nodokotela wabo ukuze baqhubeke ngemithi yabo ngokuphepha. Bangase badinge ukugadwa ngudokotela ukuze balawule izimpawu zokuhoxiswa futhi bavimbele izinkinga.