Yini i-Naltrexone: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Naltrexone iyimithi kadokotela esiza abantu ukunqoba ukuncika kotshwala kanye ne-opioid ngokuvimba imiphumela evuzayo yalezi zinto. Cabanga ngayo njengendlovu evikelayo evimbela ubuchopho bakho ukuthi bungazizwa “ziphakeme” ezivela otshwaleni noma kuma-opioid, okwenza kube lula ukuzibophezela ohambweni lwakho lokululama.

Le mithi isisize abantu ukuthi babuyisele izimpilo zabo ekuluthweni amashumi eminyaka. Isebenza ngendlela ehlukile kuneminye imithi yokwelapha ukulutheka ngoba ayithathi enye into esikhundleni kwenye. Kunalokho, imane isuse imizwa emnandi eyenza izinto zibe nzima kangako ukuzimela.

Yini i-Naltrexone Esizwa Ngayo?

I-Naltrexone ikakhulukazi inikezwa ukwelapha ukuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kotshwala kanye nokuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwe-opioid kubantu abadala asebeyekile ukuphuza noma ukusebenzisa ama-opioid. Yenzelwe ukukusiza ukuthi ugcine ukuzithiba uma usuthathile leso sinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile sokuhlanzeka.

Ukuze uncike otshwaleni, i-naltrexone inciphisa ukulangazelela nemiphumela evuzayo yokuphuza. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi utshwala abubonakali bukhanga noma busanelisa lapho bethatha le mithi. Kufana nokuba nesikhumbuzi esiqhubekayo esisiza ukuqinisa ukuzibophezela kwakho ekuzithibeni.

Uma kukhulunywa ngokuncika kuma-opioid, i-naltrexone ivimba ngokuphelele ama-opioid receptors ebuchosheni bakho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma umuntu ezama ukusebenzisa i-heroin, izidakamizwa zokwelapha, noma amanye ama-opioid ngenkathi ethatha i-naltrexone, ngeke bazwe imiphumela ejwayelekile ye-euphoric. Lokhu kuvikela kungasindisa impilo ngezikhathi ezibucayi zokululama.

Abanye odokotela baphinda banikeze i-naltrexone kwezinye izimo ezinjengokuziphatha okucindezelayo, nakuba lokhu kuthathwa njengokusebenzisa ngaphandle kwelebula. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzoxoxa ukuthi ngabe i-naltrexone ilungele yini isimo sakho esithile.

Isebenza Kanjani i-Naltrexone?

I-Naltrexone isebenza ngokuvimba ama-receptor e-opioid ebuchosheni bakho, okuyiwona ma-receptor afanayo lapho utshwala nama-opioid eqondiswe khona ukudala imizwa emnandi. Uma la ma-receptor evinjelwe, izinto azikwazi ukunamathela kuwo futhi zikhiqize imiphumela yawo ejwayelekile.

Lokhu kuthathwa njengomuthi onamandla ngokulinganisela mayelana nesenzo sawo sokuvimba. Uma i-naltrexone isithathe la ma-receptor, ibambelela kuwo ngokuqinile cishe amahora angama-24. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uvikelekile ubusuku nemini ngomthamo owodwa nje wansuku zonke.

Ngokuqondene notshwala, umphumela wokuvimba uhlukile kancane. Ngenkathi utshwala bungaqondisi ngqo ama-receptor e-opioid, buvusa ukukhishwa kwama-opioid emvelo ebuchosheni bakho okufaka isandla emizweni emnandi yokuphuza. Ngokuvimba la ma-receptor, i-naltrexone inciphisa izici eziklomelisayo zokusebenzisa utshwala.

Umuthi awukwenzi uzizwe ugula uma uphuza noma usebenzisa ama-opioid. Kunalokho, umane ususe ukuqiniswa okuhle okuqhubeka nomjikelezo wokulutheka. Abantu abaningi bayichaza njengokwenza izinto zizizwe “zingenanjongo” noma “zingafaneleki.”

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Naltrexone?

I-Naltrexone ivame ukuthathwa kanye ngosuku njengamaphilisi, ngokuvamile ekuseni ngaphandle kokudla. Ukuyithatha ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke kusiza ukugcina amazinga aqhubekayo ohlelweni lwakho futhi kwenza kube lula ukukhumbula.

Ungathatha i-naltrexone ngobisi, amanzi, noma ijusi. Abanye abantu bathola ukuthi ukuyithatha ngokudla kusiza ukunciphisa isisu esicasulayo, ikakhulukazi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala zokwelashwa. Uma uzwa isicanucanu, zama ukuyithatha ngokudla okulula noma ukudla okulula.

Ngaphambi kokuqala i-naltrexone, kubalulekile ukuthi ukhululeke ngokuphelele kuma-opioid okungenani izinsuku eziyi-7 kuya kweziyi-10. Ukuthatha i-naltrexone ngokushesha ngemuva kokusebenzisa ama-opioid kungabangela izimpawu ezinkulu zokuhoxiswa. Udokotela wakho cishe uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi ama-opioid asusiwe ohlelweni lwakho.

Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa ngotshwala, akudingeki ulinde ngemva kwesiphuzo sakho sokugcina. Nokho, udokotela wakho uzofuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uzinzile ngokwezokwelapha futhi awutholi zimpawu ezinzima zokuhoxisa ngaphambi kokuqala umuthi.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Naltrexone?

Ubude bokwelashwa nge-naltrexone buhluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu, kodwa abantu abaningi bayayithatha okungenani izinyanga ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha. Abanye baqhubeka unyaka noma ngaphezulu, kuye ngezidingo zabo zokululama kanye nezimo zabo.

Udokotela wakho uzosebenza nawe ukuze anqume ubude obufanele ngokuya ngenqubekela phambili yakho, ukuzinza ekululameni, kanye nezici eziyingozi zomuntu siqu. Akukho "usayizi owodwa olungela bonke" ngoba uhambo lomuntu ngamunye lokululama ekuluthweni luhlukile.

Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi ukuhlala ku-naltrexone isikhathi eside kubanika ukuzethemba nokuzinza abakudingayo ukuze bakhe imikhuba eqinile yokululama. Umuthi ungasebenza njengenethi yokuphepha ngenkathi uthuthukisa amaqhinga okubhekana nezimo futhi wakhe kabusha impilo yakho.

Kubalulekile ukungayeki i-naltrexone ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokuxoxa ngayo nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo kuqala. Bangakusiza ukuthi udale uhlelo lokuyeka umuthi uma usulungele, okungase kuhlanganise ukwesekwa okwengeziwe noma ukuqapha.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni Ye-Naltrexone?

Abantu abaningi bayayibekezelela kahle i-naltrexone, kodwa njengayo yonke imithi, ingabangela imiphumela emibi. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi imiphumela eminingi emibi imnene futhi ivame ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi.

Nawa amanye imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ongase uyithole emasontweni ambalwa okuqala okwelashwa:

• Isicanucanu nokungakhululeki kwesisu
• Ikhanda
• Isiyezi noma ukukhathala
• Ukukhathala noma ukuzizwa ukhathele
• Ubunzima bokulala
• Ukukhathazeka noma ukungazinzi
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha noma amalunga
• Ukuncipha kwesifiso sokudla

Lezi zimpawu zivame ukushabalala emasontweni amabili okuqala njengoba umzimba wakho uzivumela. Ukuthatha i-naltrexone ngokudla kungasiza ukunciphisa isicanucanu, futhi ukuhlala unamanzi kahle kungasiza ngobuhlungu bekhanda.

Imiphumela emibi engavamile kodwa ebucayi idinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu, isicanucanu esiqhubekayo nokuhlanza, umchamo omnyama, ukuphuzi kwesikhumba noma amehlo, noma ukukhathala okungavamile. Lokhu kungase kubonise izinkinga zesibindi, ezingavamile kodwa ezingathi sína.

Abanye abantu bahlangabezana nezinguquko zemizwa, okuhlanganisa ukucindezeleka noma imicabango yokuzibulala. Uma uqaphela izinguquko ezinkulu emizweni yakho noma empilweni yakho yengqondo, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuqala sokululama lapho imizwa ingaba namandla kakhulu.

Ubani Ongafanele Athatha I-Naltrexone?

I-Naltrexone ayifanele wonke umuntu, futhi udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuyinika. Ukuqonda ukuthi ubani okungafanele athathe lo muthi kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kwakho nempumelelo yokwelashwa.

Akufanele uthathe i-naltrexone uma njengamanje usebenzisa ama-opioid, okuhlanganisa imithi ebhalwe ngudokotela yokwelapha ubuhlungu, i-heroin, noma imithi yokukhwehlela esekelwe ku-opioid. Ukuthatha i-naltrexone ngenkathi ama-opioid esesimeni sakho kungabangela izimpawu ezinkulu zokuhoxiswa ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo eziphuthumayo.

Abantu abane-hepatitis ebukhali noma ukwehluleka kwesibindi abakwazi ukuthatha i-naltrexone ngokuphepha ngoba umuthi uqhutshwa ngesibindi. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza izivivinyo zegazi ukuze ahlole ukusebenza kwesibindi sakho ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa futhi akuqaphele njalo ngenkathi uthatha umuthi.

Uma ukhulelwe noma uncelisa, i-naltrexone kungenzeka ingafaneleki. Ngenkathi izifundo zingakhombisanga ukulimala okuqinisekile, akukho ucwaningo olwanele lokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwayo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Udokotela wakho uzokala izinzuzo ngokumelene nezingozi ezingaba khona esimweni sakho esithile.

Labo abanezifo ezinzima zezinso bangase badinge ukulungiswa komthamo noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Abantu abanomlando wokucindezeleka okukhulu noma imicabango yokuzibulala badinga ukuqashwa okwengeziwe, njengoba i-naltrexone ngezinye izikhathi ingathinta imizwa.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Naltrexone

I-Naltrexone itholakala ngaphansi kwamagama amaningi omkhiqizo, i-ReVia iyona efomula yomlomo evame kakhulu. Le yifomu lethebhulethi elijwayelekile elithathwa abantu abaningi nsuku zonke ngokuya ngotshwala noma ukuncika kuma-opioid.

I-Vivitrol ngomunye umkhiqizo owaziwayo, kodwa unikezwa njengesitsha esenziwa njalo ngenyanga kunokuba kube iphilisi lansuku zonke. Zombili ziqukethe isithako esifanayo esisebenzayo kodwa zilethwa ngendlela ehlukile. Ukujova kungase kukhethwe kubantu abanobunzima bokukhumbula imithi yansuku zonke.

I-Naltrexone ejwayelekile nayo iyatholakala futhi isebenza ngendlela efanayo njengenguqulo yegama lomkhiqizo. Izinhlelo eziningi zomshuwalense zikhetha imithi ejwayelekile, engenza ukwelashwa kuthengeke ngenkathi inikeza izinzuzo ezifanayo zokwelapha.

Umthwebuli wakho wemithi angakusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi iyiphi ifomula oyitholayo futhi aphendule noma yimiphi imibuzo mayelana nomkhiqizo othile noma inguqulo ejwayelekile oyinikiwe.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Naltrexone

Eminye imithi eminingi ingasiza ngotshwala nokuncika kuma-opioid, futhi udokotela wakho angase acabange lezi ezinye izindlela ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zakho ezithile nomlando wezokwelapha.

Ngokuncika kotshwala, i-acamprosate (Campral) ne-disulfiram (Antabuse) ezinye izinketho ezimbili ezivunywe yi-FDA. I-Acamprosate isiza ukunciphisa ukulangazelela futhi isebenza kahle kubantu asebeke bayeka ukuphuza. I-Disulfiram idala ukusabela okungathandeki uma kuhlanganiswe notshwala, okusebenza njengesithiyo.

Ngokuncika kuma-opioid, i-buprenorphine (Suboxone, Subutex) ne-methadone yizinketho zokwelashwa ngemithi. Ngokungafani ne-naltrexone, lezi ziyimithi ye-opioid ngokwazo kodwa zisebenza ngokwanelisa ukulangazelela ngendlela elawulwayo ngenkathi zivimba imiphumela yezinye izidakamizwa ze-opioid.

Ukukhetha phakathi kwala machiza kuncike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa umlando wakho wokulutheka, izimo zezempilo, indlela yokuphila, nezintandokazi zakho. Abanye abantu benza ngcono ngemithi evimbayo efana ne-naltrexone, kanti abanye bayazuza ekwelashweni okuthatha indawo.

Ingabe i-Naltrexone ingcono kune-Buprenorphine?

I-Naltrexone ne-buprenorphine yomibili imithi esebenzayo yokuncika kuma-opioid, kodwa isebenza ngezindlela ezingafani ngokuyisisekelo. Akukho noyedwa ongcono kunomunye ngoba ukukhetha okungcono kuncike ezimweni zakho ngazinye kanye nemigomo yokululama.

I-Naltrexone iyisivimbeli esiphelele esikuvimbela ukuthi uzwe noma yimiphi imiphumela evela kuma-opioid. Lokhu kuyenza ilungele abantu abafuna ukuyeka ngokuphelele futhi asebevele bayephumelela ekukhipheni ubuthi kuma-opioid. Akudingi amalayisense akhethekile okubhala futhi ayinayo indlela yokulutheka.

I-Buprenorphine iyi-opioid engaphelele eyanelisa ukulangazelela ngenkathi ivimba amanye ama-opioid. Ingaqala ngenkathi usahlangabezana nezimpawu zokuhoxiswa, okwenza ukushintshela ekwelashweni kube lula. Kodwa-ke, idinga izidingo ezikhethekile zokubhala futhi inamathuba athile okulutheka.

Udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukhethe ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezinjengokulungela kwakho ukuyeka ngokuphelele, okuhlangenwe nakho kokwelashwa kwangaphambilini, ukusekelwa komphakathi, nomlando wezokwelapha. Abanye abantu baze bashintshele ku-naltrexone besuka ku-buprenorphine njengoba ukululama kwabo kuqhubeka.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Nge-Naltrexone

Ingabe i-Naltrexone iphephile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela?

I-Naltrexone ngokuvamile iphephile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, kodwa idinga ukuqapha okucophelelayo. Umuthi awuthinti ngokuqondile amazinga kashukela egazini, kodwa izinguquko ekudleni kanye namaphethini okudla ngesikhathi sokululama kokuqala kungase kube nomthelela ekuphathweni kwesifo sikashukela.

Udkt wakho uzofuna ukuxhumana nethimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwesifo sikashukela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ushukela wakho wegazi uhlala uzinzile ngenkathi uqala i-naltrexone. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma wenza izinguquko ezinkulu zokuphila njengengxenye yohlelo lwakho lokululama.

Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngithatha I-Naltrexone Engaphezu Kwemithi Ngengozi?

Uma ngengozi uthatha i-naltrexone eningi kunaleyo ebekiwe, xhumana nodokotela wakho noma isikhungo sokulawula ubuthi ngokushesha. Ngenkathi ukweqisa kwe-naltrexone kungavamile, ukuthatha okuningi kungabangela isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isiyezi, nezinkinga zesibindi.

Ungazami ukuzenza uhlanze noma uthathe eminye imithi ukuze ulwe nokweqisa. Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha, futhi nilethe ibhodlela lemithi nani ukuze abahlinzeki bezempilo bazi kahle ukuthi uthatheni ini nokuthi kungakanani.

Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngingaphuthelwa Umthamo We-Naltrexone?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo we-naltrexone, yithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, ngaphandle kokuthi sekuseduze isikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe. Kuleso simo, weqa umthamo ophuthelwe bese uqhubeka neshejuli yakho ejwayelekile.

Ungalokothi uphinde umthamo ukuze ulungise lowo ophuthelwe. Uma uvame ukukhohlwa imithamo, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngamasu okukusiza ukuthi ukhumbule, njengokusetha ama-alamu ocingweni noma ukusebenzisa umhleli wamaphilisi.

Ngingayeka Nini Ukuthatha I-Naltrexone?

Isinqumo sokuyeka i-naltrexone kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi senziwe ngokubonisana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Odokotela abaningi batusa ukuhlala emithini okungenani izinyanga ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha, kodwa abanye abantu bayazuza ezikhathini zokwelashwa ezinde.

Udkt wakho uzocabangela izinto ezinjengokuzinza kwakho ekululameni, amazinga okucindezeleka, ukusekelwa komphakathi, nezici eziyingozi zomuntu siqu lapho ekusiza ukuthi unqume ngesikhathi. Bangase futhi bancomise izinsizakalo zokusekela ezengeziwe noma ukuqapha njengoba usuka emithini.

Ngingahlinzwa Ngenkathi Ngithatha I-Naltrexone?

Uma udinga ukuhlinzwa ngenkathi usebenzisa i-naltrexone, kubalulekile ukwazisa bonke abahlinzeki bakho bezempilo ngemithi yakho. I-Naltrexone ingavimba imiphumela yemithi yokwelapha ubuhlungu ye-opioid evame ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi nangemva kokuhlinzwa.

Udokotela wakho kanye nodokotela wezifo zokuphefumula bazodinga ukuhlela amasu ahlukile okuphatha ubuhlungu. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuyeka okwesikhashana i-naltrexone ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa noma ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuphatha ubuhlungu ezingezona ze-opioid. Ungalokothi uyeke i-naltrexone ngokwakho ngaphandle kokugadwa ngudokotela.