Yini i-Neostigmine: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Neostigmine iyimithi kadokotela esiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwemisipha ngokwandisa amazinga ekhemikhali eyaziwa ngokuthi i-acetylcholine emzimbeni wakho. Lo mjovo uvame ukusetshenziswa ezibhedlela nasezindaweni zezokwelapha ukuguqula izinhlobo ezithile zobuthakathaka bemisipha nokukhubazeka.

Cabanga nge-neostigmine njengomsizi olusizo oqinisekisa ukuthi imiyalezo ebalulekile ihanjiswa ngendlela efanele phakathi kwemizwa yakho nemisipha. Lapho le miyalezo igeleza kahle, imisipha yakho ingasebenza ngendlela okufanele ngayo.

Yini i-Neostigmine?

I-Neostigmine ingeyeqembu lemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-cholinesterase inhibitors. Isebenza ngokuvimba i-enzyme evame ukwehlisa i-acetylcholine, ikhemikhali esiza imizwa yakho ukuthi ixhumane nemisipha yakho.

Ngokugcina i-acetylcholine etholakalayo, i-neostigmine iqinisa ukuxhumana phakathi kohlelo lwakho lwezinzwa nemisipha yakho. Lokhu kuyenza ibaluleke ikakhulukazi ezimweni zezokwelapha lapho ukusebenza kwemisipha kudingeka kubuyiselwe noma kuthuthukiswe.

Umuthi uza ngomjovo onikezwa ochwepheshe bezempilo ezindaweni zomtholampilo. Ngeke uziqhubekisele wena lo muthi ekhaya.

Yini i-Neostigmine Esetshenziselwa Yona?

I-Neostigmine inokusetshenziswa okuningi okubalulekile kwezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi ezibhedlela nasezindaweni zokuhlinzwa. Isizathu esivame kakhulu sokuthi odokotela basebenzise lo muthi ukuguqula ukukhubazeka kwemisipha ngemva kokuhlinzwa.

Ngesikhathi senqubo eningi yokuhlinzwa, iziguli zithola imithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-neuromuscular blocking agents ukuze zithukulule imisipha yazo ngokuphelele. Ngenkathi le mithi ibalulekile ekuhlinzweni okuphephile, idinga ukuguqulwa ngemva kwalokho ukuze iziguli zikwazi ukuphefumula futhi zihambe ngendlela evamile futhi.

Nawa amakhondishini amakhulu nezimo lapho i-neostigmine ibonakala ilusizo:

• Ukuguqula ukukhubazeka kwemisipha ngemva kokuhlinzwa lapho kusetshenziswe imithi evimbela imisipha
• Ukwelapha i-myasthenia gravis, isimo lapho imisipha iba buthakathaka futhi ikhathele kalula
• Ukuphatha izinhlobo ezithile zezinkinga zesinye lapho imisipha yesinye ingaqinani kahle
• Ukusiza ngokuqina okukhulu lapho imisipha yamathumbu ingasebenzi kahle
• Ukuqeda imiphumela yokunye ukuhlatshwa ushevu, ikakhulukazi ezintweni eziphikisana ne-anticholinergic

Ngamunye walokhu kusetshenziswa kuthatha ithuba lekhono le-neostigmine lokuqinisa ukuqina kwemisipha. Udokotela wakho uzoqaphela ukuthi lo muthi ulungile yini esimweni sakho esithile.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Neostigmine?

I-Neostigmine isebenza ngokwenza njengomuthi oqinile ngokulinganisela ovimba i-enzyme ethile emzimbeni wakho. Le enzyme, ebizwa nge-acetylcholinesterase, ngokuvamile ichitha i-acetylcholine ngemva kokuthi ilethe umlayezo wayo ovela emsipheni kuya emsipheni.

Lapho i-neostigmine ivimba le enzyme, i-acetylcholine ihlala isikhathi eside emaphuzwini okuxhumana phakathi kwemizwa nemisipha. Lokhu kuba khona isikhathi eside kusho ukuthi imisipha ithola isignali eqinile, ehlala isikhathi eside ukuze iqine.

Umuthi ngokuvamile uqala ukusebenza phakathi nemizuzu eyi-15 kuya kwengama-30 ngemva komjovo. Imiphumela yawo ingahlala noma yikuphi kusuka emahoreni amabili kuya kwamane, kuye ngomthamo nokuphendula kwakho ngakunye.

I-Neostigmine ithathwa njengeqinile ngokulinganisela uma iqhathaniswa neminye imithi ekilasini layo. Iqinile ngokwanele ukuthi isebenze kodwa ilawuleka ngokwanele kangangokuthi odokotela bangakwazi ukulawula imiphumela yayo ngokuphepha ezindaweni zokwelapha.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Neostigmine?

I-Neostigmine ngaso sonke isikhathi inikezwa njengomjovo ochwepheshe bezempilo abaqeqeshiwe ezikhungweni zezokwelapha. Ngeke kudingeke ukhathazeke ngokuthatha lo muthi ngokwakho noma ukukhumbula isikhathi esithile.

Umjovo unganikezwa ngezindlela eziningana, kuye ngesimo sakho sezokwelapha. Udokotela wakho angawujova emsipheni wakho, emthanjeni, noma ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho.

Ngaphambi kokuthola i-neostigmine, ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo cishe lizobheka izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho nokuphefumula. Bangase futhi bakunikeze omunye umuthi obizwa nge-atropine ukusiza ukuvimbela imiphumela ethile engemihle.

Akudingeki ukuthi ugweme ukudla noma iziphuzo ngaphambi kokuthola i-neostigmine, nakuba udokotela wakho ezokunikeza imiyalelo ethile ngokusekelwe enqanabeni lakho lezokwelapha noma isimo sakho. Uma uhlinzwa, uzobe usuvele ulandela imihlahlandlela yokuzila ukudla ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Neostigmine?

Ubude bokwelashwa nge-neostigmine buxhomeke ngokuphelele ekutheni kungani uyithola. Ezimweni eziningi, lo muthi usetshenziselwa izidingo zezokwelapha zesikhashana, ngokushesha kunokwelashwa kwesikhathi eside.

Uma uthola i-neostigmine ukubuyisela ukukhubazeka kwemisipha okuhlinzwa, ngokuvamile uzothola umthamo owodwa noma emibili nje. Umuthi usebenza ngokushesha ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwemisipha yakho okuvamile, bese umsebenzi wawo usuqedile.

Kubantu abane-myasthenia gravis, i-neostigmine ingase isetshenziswe njengengxenye yokwelashwa okuqhubekayo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, udokotela wakho uzoqapha ngokucophelela impendulo yakho futhi alungise isikhathi kanye nomthamo njengoba kudingeka.

Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo liyohlala linquma ubude bokwelashwa obufanele esimweni sakho esithile. Bazocabangela izinto ezinjengempilo yakho yonke, ubukhulu besimo sakho, nokuthi usabela kahle kangakanani emuthini.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Emibi Ye-Neostigmine?

Njengayo yonke imithi, i-neostigmine ingabangela imiphumela emibi, nakuba abantu abaningi beyibekezelela kahle uma isetshenziswa ezindaweni zezokwelapha. Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ihlobene nemiphumela yomuthi ohlelweni lwakho lwezinzwa.

Njengoba i-neostigmine ikhuphula i-acetylcholine emzimbeni wakho wonke, ingathinta okungaphezu kwemisipha yakho nje. Lokhu kungaholela emiphumeleni ohlelweni lwakho lokugaya ukudla, inhliziyo, nezinye izitho.

Imiphumela emibi evamile ongase uyithole ihlanganisa:

• Ukugula nokuhlanza, okwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi umuthi uthinta uhlelo lwakho lokugaya ukudla
• Ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwamathe, okwenza umlomo wakho uzizwe unamanzi kakhulu
• Ukugcwala kwesisu nokwanda kokuhamba kwamathumbu
• Ukujuluka ngaphezu kokujwayelekile
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane, okuzoqashwa ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ngokucophelela
• Ukuqina kwemisipha noma ukugcwala
• Ukuzizwa ungenakuzinza noma ukhathazekile

Le miphumela ivamise ukuba yesikhashana futhi ilawuleke. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lilungele kahle ukubhekana nanoma yimiphumela emibi eyenzekayo.

Imiphumela emibi engathi sína ayivamile kodwa idinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Lokhu kungabandakanya ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma izinguquko ezinkulu ekushayeni kwenhliziyo.

Ngokuvamile, abanye abantu bangase babe nokusabela komzimba emuthini i-neostigmine. Izimpawu zingabandakanya ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, ukuvuvukala, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizobe liqapha lezi zinto ezingenzeka.

Ubani Ongafanele Athathe I-Neostigmine?

I-Neostigmine ayifanele wonke umuntu, futhi udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokusebenzisa lo muthi. Izimo ezithile zingenza i-neostigmine ibe yingozi noma ingasebenzi kahle.

Abantu abanezimo ezithile zenhliziyo badinga ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile njengoba i-neostigmine ingathinta ukushaya kwenhliziyo. Udokotela wakho uzoqonda ukuthi izinzuzo zidlula izingozi esimweni sakho esithile.

Izimo ezivame ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwe-neostigmine zihlanganisa:

• Isifuba esibi noma ezinye izinkinga zokuphefumula, njengoba umuthi ungenza ukuphefumula kube nzima kakhulu
• Ukuvaleka emathunjini akho noma emgudwini womchamo, njengoba i-neostigmine ingenza lezi zimo zibe zimbi kakhulu
• Izinhlobo ezithile zokushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane noma ukuvinjelwa kwenhliziyo
• Izilonda ezigxilile ze-peptic, ngoba umuthi ungakhuphula ukukhiqizwa kwe-asidi yesisu
• Ukungezwani okwaziwayo ne-neostigmine noma imithi efanayo
• Isifo esibi sezinso, esingathinta indlela umzimba wakho oqhubula ngayo umuthi

Ukukhulelwa nokuncelisa kudinga ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile. Ngenkathi i-neostigmine ingasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa uma kudingeka, udokotela wakho uzoqondanisa izinzuzo ezingaba khona nezingozi ezingenzeka.

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizophinda liqaphele uma unezimo ezinjengesithuthwane, i-thyroid engasebenzi kahle, noma izinhlobo ezithile ze-glaucoma. Lezi zimo akudingeki ukuthi zivimbele ukusetshenziswa kwe-neostigmine, kodwa zidinga ukuqapha okwengeziwe.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Neostigmine

I-Neostigmine itholakala ngaphansi kwamagama amaningi omkhiqizo, yize izibhedlela eziningi nezikhungo zezokwelapha zisebenzisa inguqulo ejwayelekile. Igama lomkhiqizo elivamile ongahlangana nalo yi-Bloxiverz.

Amanye amagama omkhiqizo afaka i-Prostigmin, yize lokhu kungasetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla. Kwamanye amazwe, ungabona amagama omkhiqizo ahlukene, kodwa isithako esisebenzayo sihlala singashintshi.

Noma ngabe uthola inguqulo yegama lomkhiqizo noma ejwayelekile ayithinti ukusebenza komuthi. I-Neostigmine ejwayelekile isebenza ngendlela efanayo ncamashi nezinguqulo zegama lomkhiqizo futhi ihlangabezana nezindinganiso ezifanayo zokuphepha nekhwalithi.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Neostigmine

Kunezindlela eziningana ezingenye ze-neostigmine, kuye ngezidingo zakho zezokwelapha ezithile. Udokotela wakho angase akhethe omunye umuthi ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho, ezinye izici zempilo, noma isimo esithile.

Ukuze kubuyiselwe ukukhubazeka kwemisipha okuhlinzwa, i-sugammadex iyindlela entsha esebenza ngendlela ehlukile kune-neostigmine. Iqondise ngqo izinhlobo ezithile zokuphumuza imisipha futhi ingasebenza ngokushesha kwezinye izimo.

Ezinye izithiyo ze-cholinesterase ezisebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-neostigmine zifaka:

• I-Pyridostigmine, ehlala isikhathi eside futhi ivame ukusetshenziselwa i-myasthenia gravis
• I-Edrophonium, esebenza ngokushesha kakhulu kodwa ayihlali isikhathi eside
• I-Physostigmine, evame ukugcinelwa izinhlobo ezithile zobuthi

Ukwelapha i-myasthenia gravis, odokotela bangase futhi bacabange ngemithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenza ngezindlela ezihlukene. Ukukhetha okungcono kuncike ezimpawini zakho ezithile kanye nempilo yakho yonke.

Ingabe i-Neostigmine ingcono kune-Pyridostigmine?

I-Neostigmine ne-pyridostigmine yomibili imithi esebenzayo evela emndenini ofanayo, kodwa inamandla ahlukene okwenza ngamunye afaneleke kangcono ezimweni ezithile. Akukho noyedwa ongcono kunomunye.

I-Neostigmine isebenza ngokushesha futhi ivame ukukhethwa ezindaweni zase-hospital lapho kudingeka khona isenzo esisheshayo. Ilungele ikakhulukazi ukuguqula ukukhubazeka kwemisipha okuhlinzwa ngoba odokotela badinga imiphumela esheshayo.

I-Pyridostigmine, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ihlala isikhathi eside ohlelweni lwakho futhi ivame ukuba ngcono ekwelapheni okuqhubekayo kwezimo ezinjenge-myasthenia gravis. Abantu abathatha imithi ekhaya bavame ukuthola i-pyridostigmine ilula ngoba akudingeki bayithathe njalo.

Udokotela wakho uzokhetha phakathi kwale mithi ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zakho ezithile, isikhathi esidingekayo, nokuthi ngabe udinga ukwelashwa kwesikhashana noma kwesikhathi eside. Yomibili le mithi isungulwe kahle futhi iyasebenza uma isetshenziswa ngendlela efanele.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Neostigmine

Ingabe i-Neostigmine iphephile ezigulini zenhliziyo?

I-Neostigmine ingasetshenziswa ngokuphepha ezigulini eziningi zenhliziyo, kodwa idinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela nokucatshangelwa kwesimo sakho senhliziyo esithile. Umuthi ungathinta ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ngakho-ke ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizohlola izingozi nezinzuzo.

Uma unezinhlobo ezithile zokuvinjwa kwenhliziyo noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane kakhulu, udokotela wakho angase agweme i-neostigmine noma ayisebenzise ngezinyathelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe. Bangase futhi bakunikeze i-atropine kanye ne-neostigmine ukusiza ukuvikela inhliziyo yakho.

Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizogada izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho kanye nesigqi lapho wamukela i-neostigmine. Baqeqeshwe kahle ukuphatha noma yimiphi imiphumela ehlobene nenhliziyo engase yenzeke.

Ngingenzani Uma Ngithola I-Neostigmine Eningi Ngengozi?

Njengoba i-neostigmine inikezwa ochwepheshe bezempilo ezindaweni zezokwelapha, ukweqisa ngengozi akuvamile. Kodwa-ke, uma kunikezwa imithi eningi kakhulu, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lilungele ukulawula lesi simo.

Izimpawu ze-neostigmine eningi kakhulu zingabandakanya isicanucanu esibi, ukujuluka ngokweqile, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo elihamba kancane kakhulu, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizobe liqapha lezi zimpawu futhi lingaphendula ngokushesha.

Ukwelashwa kwe-neostigmine overdose ngokuvamile kuhilela ukunikeza i-atropine, elwa nemiphumela eminingi ye-neostigmine. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lingase futhi linikeze ukunakekelwa okusekelayo ukusiza umzimba wakho ukuthi usebenzise imithi.

Ngingenzani Uma Ngeqa Umthamo We-Neostigmine?

Njengoba i-neostigmine inikezwa ochwepheshe bezempilo kunokuba iziphathwe nguwe, ngeke kudingeke ukhathazeke ngokweqa imithamo ngomqondo wendabuko. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lilawula isikhathi kanye nomthamo.

Uma uthola i-neostigmine njengengxenye yokwelashwa okuqhubekayo kwesimo esifana ne-myasthenia gravis, ithimba lakho lezempilo lizoqinisekisa ukuthi uthola imithamo yakho ngezikhathi ezifanele.

Uma unezinkathazo mayelana nohlelo lwakho lokwelashwa noma uzizwa sengathi izimpawu zakho azilawulwa ngokwanele, xoxa ngalokhu nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Bangashintsha isikhathi noma umthamo njengoba kudingeka.

Ngingayeka Nini Ukuthatha I-Neostigmine?

Isinqumo sokuyeka i-neostigmine sincike ngokuphelele ekutheni kungani uyithola nokuthi usabela kanjani ekwelashweni. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizokwenza lesi sinqumo ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zakho zezokwelapha.

Uma uthole i-neostigmine ukuze uguqule ukukhubazeka kwemisipha okuhlinzwa, ngokuvamile ngeke udinge eminye imithamo uma umsebenzi wakho wemisipha ubuyela kokujwayelekile. Umuthi wenze umsebenzi wawo, futhi akukho okunye ukwelashwa okudingekayo.

Ezimweni eziqhubekayo njenge-myasthenia gravis, ukuyeka i-neostigmine kudinga ukugadwa ngokucophelela kwezokwelapha. Udokotela wakho uzohlola izimpawu zakho kanye nesimo sakho esiphelele ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko ohlelweni lwakho lokwelashwa.

Ngingashayela ngemva kokuthola i-Neostigmine?

Akufanele ushayele ngemva nje kokuthola i-neostigmine, ikakhulukazi uma uyithole esibhedlela noma endaweni yezokwelapha. Umuthi ungabangela imiphumela emibi efana nesiyezi, isicanucanu, noma ubuthakathaka bemisipha obungathinta ikhono lakho lokushayela ngokuphepha.

Uma uthole i-neostigmine njengengxenye yenqubo yokuhlinzwa, uzobe usuvele unemingcele ekushayeleni ngenxa ye-anesthesia kanye nokuhlinzwa ngokwako. Landela imiyalelo ethile yeqembu lakho lezempilo mayelana nokuthi kuphephile nini ukuqala kabusha ukushayela.

Kubantu abathola i-neostigmine ngezimo eziqhubekayo, udokotela wakho uzokweluleka ngokuphepha kokushayela ngokusekelwe ekuphenduleni kwakho komuntu siqu emuthini kanye nesimo sakho esiphelele.