Yini i-Nitrofurantoin: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Nitrofurantoin ngumuthi wokulwa namagciwane oqondiswe ngqo emabhaktheriya emgudwini wakho womchamo. Ivame ukunqunyelwa ukwelapha izifo zomgudu womchamo (ama-UTI) futhi ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuvimbela izifo eziphindaphindayo kwezinye izimo.

Lo muthi usiza abantu ukunqoba ama-UTI amashumi eminyaka, futhi usebenza kahle ikakhulukazi ngoba ugxila ngqo emchamweni wakho lapho ukutheleleka kuhlala khona. Ukuqonda ukuthi isebenza kanjani nokuthi yini ongayilindela kungakusiza ukuthi uyisebenzise ngokuphepha nangempumelelo.

Yini i-Nitrofurantoin?

I-Nitrofurantoin ngumuthi wokulwa namagciwane okhethekile osebenza kuphela ohlelweni lwakho lomchamo. Ngokungafani nama-antibiotics abanzi athinta umzimba wakho wonke, lo muthi uqondisa amabhaktheriya ngqo esinyeni sakho nasemgudwini womchamo.

Lo muthi ungowesigaba esibizwa ngokuthi ama-antibiotics e-nitrofuran, okusho ukuthi ubulala amabhaktheriya ngokuphazamisa ikhono lawo lokukhiqiza amaprotheni abalulekile. Uma uthatha i-nitrofurantoin, ihamba ngegazi lakho futhi igxile emchamweni wakho, lapho ingalwa ngempumelelo nokutheleleka.

Itholakala ngezindlela ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa amaphilisi akhishwe ngokushesha namathebulethi akhishwe isikhathi eside, okuvumela udokotela wakho ukuthi akhethe inketho engcono kakhulu yesimo sakho esithile.

Yini i-Nitrofurantoin Esetshenziselwa Yona?

I-Nitrofurantoin isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukwelapha izifo zomgudu womchamo ezingahambisani nezinkinga ezibangelwa amabhaktheriya athambekele. Isebenza kahle ikakhulukazi emabhaktheriyeni avamile abangela i-UTI njenge-E. coli, ebangela cishe u-85% wezifo zesinye.

Udokotela wakho angase anqume i-nitrofurantoin uma unezimpawu ezinjengokusha ngesikhathi sokuchama, ukuchama njalo, noma ubuhlungu besinqe. Lo muthi ulusizo ikakhulukazi ezifweni eziphansi zomgudu womchamo, okuhlanganisa i-cystitis (isifo sesinye) kanye ne-urethritis (ukutheleleka kwe-urethra).

Kwezinye izimo, odokotela baphinda banikeze i-nitrofurantoin ukuvimbela isikhathi eside i-UTIs eziphindayo, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezifo ezivame ukuba khona. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kokuvimbela ngokuvamile kuhilela ukuthatha umthamo ophansi isikhathi eside.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-nitrofurantoin ayisebenzi ezifweni zezinso (pyelonephritis) noma ezinye izinhlobo zezifo zamagciwane ngaphandle komgudu womchamo.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Nitrofurantoin?

I-Nitrofurantoin isebenza ngokuphazamisa ikhono lamagciwane lokwenza amaprotheni abalulekile kanye ne-DNA. Lapho amagciwane ethatha umuthi, iphazamisa izinqubo zawo zeselula, ekugcineni iwabulale noma imise ukukhula kwawo.

Lo muthi wokulwa namagciwane uthathwa njengomuthi oqinile ngokulinganisela futhi usebenza kahle kakhulu ezifweni zomgudu womchamo. Okwenza kube wusizo ikakhulukazi ukuthi kuzuzwa ukugxila okuphezulu emchamweni wakho ngenkathi kugcinwa amazinga aphansi egazini lakho.

Umuthi ngokuvamile uqala ukusebenza kungakapheli amahora ambalwa ngemva komthamo wakho wokuqala, nakuba ungase ungazizwa ukhululekile ezimpawini izinsuku eziyi-1-2. Abantu abaningi baqaphela ukuthuthuka okukhulu kungakapheli izinsuku eziyi-2-3 beqala ukwelashwa.

I-Nitrofurantoin mancane amathuba okuthi ibangele ukumelana nemithi yokulwa namagciwane uma iqhathaniswa neminye imithi yokulwa namagciwane ngoba isebenzisa izindlela eziningi zokulwa namagciwane, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi akhe ukumelana.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Nitrofurantoin?

Thatha i-nitrofurantoin ngendlela eqondile udokotela wakho ayalela ngayo, ngokuvamile ngokudla noma ubisi ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwesisu. Umuthi umuncwa kangcono uma uthathwa ngokudla, futhi lokhu kusiza nokuvimbela isicanucanu, esinye sezifo ezivamile.

Ngamaphilisi akhishwa ngokushesha, ngokuvamile uzozithatha izikhathi ezine ngosuku (njalo emahoreni ayi-6), kuyilapho amaphilisi akhishwa isikhathi eside ngokuvamile ethathwa kabili ngosuku (njalo emahoreni ayi-12). Zama ukuhlukanisa imithamo yakho ngokulinganayo usuku lonke ukuze ugcine amazinga aqhubekayo ohlelweni lwakho.

Phuza amanzi amaningi ngenkathi uthatha i-nitrofurantoin ukusiza ukukhipha amagciwane emgudwini wakho womchamo futhi usekele ukusebenza kahle komuthi. Hlela okungenani izinkomishi zamanzi eziyi-8 nsuku zonke ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ekweluleka ngenye indlela.

Gwema ukuthatha i-nitrofurantoin ngama-antacid aqukethe i-magnesium noma i-aluminium, ngoba lokhu kunganciphisa ukumuncwa komuthi. Uma udinga i-antacid, yithathe okungenani amahora ama-2 ngaphambi noma ngemuva komthamo wakho we-nitrofurantoin.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Nitrofurantoin?

Ukwelashwa okuningi kwe-UTI okubukhali nge-nitrofurantoin kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-5-7, nakuba udokotela wakho ezonquma ubude obuqondile ngokusekelwe ekuthelelekeni kwakho okuthile kanye nomlando wezokwelapha. Kubalulekile ukuqeda inkambo yonke ngisho noma uzizwa ungcono ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.

Ezifweni zomchamo ezingashubile, inkambo yezinsuku ezi-5 ivame ukwanele, kuyilapho izifo eziqhubekayo zingase zidinge izinsuku eziyi-7 zokwelashwa. Abanye abantu abane-UTI eziphindaphindayo bangase badinge izikhathi zokwelashwa ezinde noma ukwelashwa kokugcinwa.

Uma uthatha i-nitrofurantoin ukuvimbela ama-UTI aphindaphindayo, udokotela wakho angase ayibhalele izinyanga eziningana. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kudinga ukuqapha njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umuthi uhlala uphephile futhi usebenza kahle kuwe.

Ungayeki ukuthatha i-nitrofurantoin ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ngisho noma izimpawu zakho zinyamalala, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ekumelaneni kwama-antibiotic futhi kuvumele ukutheleleka ukuthi kubuye kube namandla kunakuqala.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni Ye-Nitrofurantoin?

Njengayo yonke imithi, i-nitrofurantoin ingabangela imiphumela emibi, nakuba abantu abaningi beyibekezelela kahle. Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ngokuvamile imnene futhi ingalawuleka ngezinyathelo ezifanele.

Nawa imiphumela emibi ebikwa kaningi ongase uyithole:

• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza (ukuthatha nokudla kusiza ukunciphisa lokhu)
• Ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
• Ukuqunjelwa noma izitulo ezixekile
• Ikhanda
• Isiyezi
• Ukozela
• Umchamo ophuzi noma onsundu (lokhu kuvamile futhi akunangozi)

Lezi zimo ezivamile ezibangelwa imithi ngokuvamile ziyathuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi futhi ngokuvamile azidingi ukuyeka ukwelashwa.

Nakuba kungavamile, abanye abantu bangase babe nemiphumela emibi kakhulu edinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha:

• Izinkinga ezinzima zamaphaphu (ukukhwehlela, ubuhlungu besifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumula)
• Izinkinga zesibindi (ukuphuzi kwesikhumba noma amehlo, umchamo omnyama, isicanucanu esiqhubekayo)
• Umonakalo wemizwa (ukuba ndikindiki, ukuluma, noma ubuhlungu ezandleni nasezinyaweni)
• Ukungezwani komzimba okukhulu (ukuqubuka, ukuluma, ukuvuvukala, isiyezi esikhulu)
• Izifo zegazi (ukulimala okungavamile, umphimbo obuhlungu oqhubekayo, umkhuhlane)

Ukuphendula kwamaphaphu okungavamile kodwa okukhulu kungenzeka, ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukubika noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuphefumula kudokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Ubani Ongafanele Athathe I-Nitrofurantoin?

I-Nitrofurantoin ayifanele wonke umuntu, futhi izimo ezithile zezokwelapha noma izimo zenza kungaphephile ukuyisebenzisa. Udokotela wakho uzobukeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokukuyalela lo muthi.

Akufanele uthathe i-nitrofurantoin uma unezifo ezinzima zezinso, njengoba umuthi ngeke ufinyelele emazingeni asebenzayo emchameni wakho futhi ungalimaza. Abantu abanezinkinga zezinso ezinciphisa kakhulu ukukhiqizwa komchamo kufanele basebenzise ama-antibiotics ahlukile.

Nazi izimo eziyinhloko nezimo lapho i-nitrofurantoin kufanele igwenywe khona:

• Isifo esinzima sezinso noma ukuncipha okukhulu komsebenzi wezinso
• Ukungezwani komzimba okwaziwayo ne-nitrofurantoin noma ama-antibiotics e-nitrofuran
• Ukuntula kwe-Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)
• Izinsana ezingaphansi kwenyanga engu-1 ubudala
• Ukukhulelwa emasontweni angama-38-42 noma ngesikhathi sokubeletha
• Umlando wezinkinga zamaphaphu ezibangelwa yi-nitrofurantoin
• Isifo esinzima sesibindi

Abantu abanesifo sikashukela, isifo samaphaphu, noma izinkinga zemizwa badinga ukuqashwa okukhethekile ngenkathi bethatha i-nitrofurantoin, njengoba lezi zimo zingakhuphula ingozi yezinkinga.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Nitrofurantoin

I-Nitrofurantoin itholakala ngaphansi kwamagama amaningi omkhiqizo, nakuba inguqulo ejwayelekile isebenza ngempumelelo. Amagama omkhiqizo ajwayelekile afaka i-Macrobid ne-Macrodantin, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu e-United States.

I-Macrobid iqukethe uhlobo olukhishwe isikhathi eside lwe-nitrofurantoin, oluvame ukuthathwa kabili ngosuku, kanti i-Macrodantin iyinguqulo ekhishwe ngokushesha evame ukuthathwa izikhathi ezine ngosuku. Zombili lezi zindlela zisebenza ngendlela efanayo ekwelapheni ama-UTI.

Amanye amagama omkhiqizo ongahlangana nawo afaka i-Furadantin kanye nezindlela ezihlukahlukene ezijwayelekile. Umkhemisi wakho angakusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi iyiphi indlela ethile oyitholayo futhi anikeze imiyalelo efanele.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Nitrofurantoin

Uma i-nitrofurantoin ingakulungele noma ingayelaphi ngempumelelo ukutheleleka kwakho, ama-antibiotics amaningi angenye angakwazi ukwelapha ama-UTI. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha enye indlela engcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe emabhaktheriya akho athile, umlando wezokwelapha, nanoma yiziphi izimpendulo zokwelashwa zangaphambilini.

Ezinye izindlela ezivamile zifaka i-trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim), i-fosfomycin (Monurol), kanye nama-fluoroquinolones athile afana ne-ciprofloxacin. Ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo nemiphumela engemihle engase ibe khona okuzocatshangelwa udokotela wakho.

Kubantu abane-UTI eziphindaphindayo abangakwazi ukuthatha i-nitrofurantoin isikhathi eside, ezinye izindlela zingafaka i-trimethoprim enomthamo ophansi noma amanye amaqhinga okuvimbela njengezithasiselo ze-cranberry noma ukwanda kokuthatha uketshezi.

Ingabe i-Nitrofurantoin ingcono kune-Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole?

Kokubili i-nitrofurantoin ne-trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) ziyindlela yokwelapha yokuqala esebenzayo yama-UTI angahambisani nezinkinga, kodwa ngamunye unezinzuzo ezihlukile kuye ngesimo sakho. Ukukhetha phakathi kwabo kuvame ukuncika kumaphethini okumelana namagciwane endawo kanye nezici zakho zezokwelapha.

I-Nitrofurantoin ingase ithandwe ngoba mancane amathuba okuthi idale ukumelana nama-antibiotic futhi inethonya elincane emagciwaneni akho ajwayelekile emathunjini. Futhi ngokuvamile iphephile ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside ekuvikeleni ama-UTI aphindaphindayo.

I-Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole isebenza ngokushesha kwabanye abantu futhi ingathathwa kaningi, kodwa maningi amathuba okuthi idale ukumelana nama-antibiotic futhi ingase ingafaneleki uma une-sulfa allergies.

Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izinto ezinjengokwelashwa kwakho kwangaphambilini kwe-UTI, noma yikuphi ukungezwani nezidakamizwa, kanye namaphethini okumelana endawo lapho ekhetha phakathi kwale mithi.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Nitrofurantoin

Ingabe i-Nitrofurantoin iphephile ezigulini ezinokugula kwezinso?

I-Nitrofurantoin ngokuvamile ayinconyelwe abantu abanezifo eziphakathi nendawo kuya kwezinzima zezinso. Umuthi udinga ukusebenza kwezinso okwanele ukuze ufinyelele emazingeni asebenzayo emchameni wakho, futhi ukuncipha kokusebenza kwezinso kungakhuphula ingozi yemiphumela emibi.

Uma unezinkinga ezinzima zezinso, udokotela wakho angase akwazi ukukuchazela i-nitrofurantoin kodwa uzokuqapha eduze futhi mhlawumbe alungise umthamo wakho. Njalo yazisa umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo nganoma yiziphi izinkinga zezinso ngaphambi kokuqala lo muthi.

Ngingenzani uma ngiphuthelwa ngithatha i-Nitrofurantoin eningi kakhulu?

Uma ngempela uthatha i-nitrofurantoin eningi kakhulu kunaleyo ebekiwe, xhumana nodokotela wakho noma isikhungo sokulawula ubuthi ngokushesha. Ukuthatha okuningi kakhulu kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi engathí sina, ikakhulukazi ethinta amaphaphu akho, isibindi, noma uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa.

Ungazami ukuzenza uhlanze ngaphandle uma uqondiswe ngqo ngumhlinzeki wezempilo. Gcina ibhodlela lemithi nawe uma ufuna ukwelashwa ukuze abahlinzeki bezempilo bakwazi ukubona kahle ukuthi uthathe ini nokuthi uthathe malini.

Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngeqe Umthamo We-Nitrofurantoin?

Uma weqa umthamo we-nitrofurantoin, yithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, ngaphandle uma sekuseduze isikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo. Kuleso simo, weqa umthamo oweqiwe bese uqhubeka nohlelo lwakho lokuthatha imithi.

Ungalokothi uthathe imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ulungise umthamo oweqiwe, ngoba lokhu kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi. Uma uvame ukukhohlwa imithamo, cabangela ukusetha izikhumbuzi zocingo noma usebenzise umhleli wamaphilisi ukukusiza ukuthi uhlale emgwaqeni.

Ngingayeka Nini Ukuthatha I-Nitrofurantoin?

Yeka kuphela ukuthatha i-nitrofurantoin uma usuqedele inkambo ephelele ebekwe ngudokotela wakho, ngisho noma uzizwa ungcono ngokuphelele. Ukuyeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungavumela amagciwane ukuthi asinde futhi kungenzeka ukuthi athuthukise ukumelana ne-antibiotic.

Uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi engathi sína, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuyeka imithi. Bangase badinge ukukushintshela kwenye i-antibiotic noma balungise uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa kunokushiya ukutheleleka kwakho kungelashwa.

Ngingakwazi Yini Ukuphuza Utshwala Ngenkathi Ngithatha I-Nitrofurantoin?

Ngenkathi kungekho ukusebenzisana okuqondile okuyingozi phakathi kwe-nitrofurantoin notshwala, ngokuvamile kungcono ukugwema noma ukukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ngenkathi welapha i-UTI. Utshwala bungaphazamisa ikhono lomzimba wakho lokulwa nokutheleleka futhi lungase lenze imiphumela emibi ibe mibi njengokucasuka nokugajwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, utshwala bungacasula isinye sakho futhi kungenzeka buthi ukululama kwakho ku-UTI kancane. Gxila ekuhlaliseni kahle amanzi ngamanzi nezinye iziphuzo ezingezona utshwala ukuze usekele inqubo yakho yokuphulukisa.