Yini i-Nitroglycerin: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni Nokunye

I-Nitroglycerin iyimithi esebenza ngokushesha esiza ukuvula imithambo yakho yegazi, okwenza kube lula ukuthi igazi ligeleze enhliziyweni yakho. Le pilisi encane enamandla isisize abantu abanezimo zenhliziyo isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka, futhi isahlala ingenye yemithi ethenjwayo yokukhulula ubuhlungu besifuba.

Ungase wazi othile ophethe amaphilisi amancane ngaphansi kolimi lwakhe ngezimo eziphuthumayo, noma mhlawumbe udokotela wakho ukukhulumele ngale mithi. Ukuqonda ukuthi i-nitroglycerin isebenza kanjani kungakusiza ukuthi uzizwe uqiniseka ngokuyisebenzisa ngokuphepha nangempumelelo.

Yini i-Nitroglycerin?

I-Nitroglycerin iyimithi engaphansi kweqembu elibizwa ngokuthi ama-nitrate, asebenza ngokukhulula imisipha ebushelelezi emithanjeni yakho yegazi. Lapho imithambo yakho yegazi ikhululeka futhi yanda, inhliziyo yakho akudingeki isebenze kanzima ukuze ipompe igazi emzimbeni wakho wonke.

Le mithi iza ngezinhlobo eziningana, kodwa ezivamile kakhulu amaphilisi amancane ancibilika ngaphansi kolimi lwakho (sublingual) noma amaphilisi omlomo owagwinyayo. Uhlobo lwe-sublingual lusebenza ngemizuzu, kanti izinhlobo zomlomo zithatha isikhathi eside kodwa zihlala isikhathi eside futhi.

Cabanga nge-nitroglycerin njengokhiye ovula imithambo yegazi eqinile, okuvumela igazi ukuthi ligeleze ngokukhululeka emsipheni wakho wenhliziyo. Lesi senzo esisheshayo senza ukuthi sibe yigugu elikhulu kubantu abanezinhlungu zesifuba noma labo abasengozini yezinkinga zenhliziyo.

Yini i-Nitroglycerin Esetshenziselwa Yona?

I-Nitroglycerin ngokuyinhloko iphatha futhi ivimbele ubuhlungu besifuba obubizwa nge-angina, obenzeka lapho imisipha yakho yenhliziyo ingatholi igazi elinothile nge-oksijini elanele. Ungase uzizwe lokhu njengengcindezi, ukuminyana, noma ubuhlungu esifubeni sakho obungasakazekela ezingalweni zakho, entanyeni, noma emhlathini wakho.

Odokotela banikeza i-nitroglycerin ngezinhloso ezimbili eziyinhloko. Okokuqala, inikeza ukukhululeka okusheshayo ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa yi-angina, isiza ukunciphisa ubuhlungu ngemizuzu embalwa. Okwesibili, ingavimbela i-angina ukuthi ingenzeki uma ithathwa ngaphambi kwemisebenzi engase ibangele ubuhlungu besifuba, njengokuzivocavoca noma izimo ezinengcindezi.

Ngaphandle kwe-angina, odokotela ngezinye izikhathi basebenzisa i-nitroglycerin ukwelapha ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, lapho inhliziyo yakho ilwela ukumpompa igazi ngempumelelo. Ezindaweni zasemtholampilo, ingase futhi isize ekuphatheni umfutho wegazi ophezulu ngesikhathi sezinqubo ezithile noma izimo eziphuthumayo.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Nitroglycerin?

I-Nitroglycerin isebenza ngokukhipha i-nitric oxide emzimbeni wakho, okuyinto yemvelo etshela imithambo yakho yegazi ukuthi iphumule futhi ivuleke kakhulu. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-vasodilation, futhi yenzeka ngokushesha lapho umuthi ungena egazini lakho.

Lapho imithambo yakho yegazi ivuleka, izinto ezimbili ezibalulekile ziyenzeka. Inhliziyo yakho ithola igazi elinothile nge-oxygen, futhi akudingeki isebenze kanzima ukuze ipompe igazi emzimbeni wakho wonke. Le nhlanganisela isiza ukunciphisa ubuhlungu besifuba futhi inciphise ukucindezeleka enhliziyweni yakho.

Ifomu elingaphansi kolimi (ngaphansi kolimi) lisebenza ngokushesha ngoba umuthi umuncwa ngokuqondile egazini lakho ngomthamo ocebile wegazi ngaphansi kolimi lwakho. Lokhu kudlula uhlelo lwakho lokugaya ukudla, yingakho ungazizwa ukhululekile ngemizuzu engu-1-3.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Nitroglycerin?

Indlela othatha ngayo i-nitroglycerin incike ohlotsheni olubhalwe ngudokotela wakho, kodwa inqubo efanele ibalulekile ukuze umuthi usebenze ngempumelelo. Ake sihambe ngezindlela ezivamile ukuze uzizwe uqiniseka ngokusebenzisa umuthi wakho.

Ngamaphilisi angaphansi kolimi, hlala phansi kuqala ngoba umuthi ungabangela isiyezi njengoba wehlisa umfutho wegazi lakho. Beka ithebhulethi ngaphansi kolimi lwakho bese uyivumela ukuthi incibilike ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokuhlafuna, ukugwinya, noma ukuphuza noma yini. Ithebhulethi kufanele ikhanye kancane njengoba incibilika, okujwayelekile.

Uma uthatha amaphilisi omlomo, wagwinye wonke ngamanzi. Ungawachobozi, uwahlafune, noma uwaphule amaphilisi akhishwa kancane kancane, ngoba lokhu kungakhipha imithi eningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Thatha lawa ngaphandle noma ngaphandle kokudla, kodwa qiniseka ngesikhathi sakho.

Nawa amanye amathiphu abalulekile okufanele uwalandele uma uthatha i-nitroglycerin:

• Hlala noma ulale phansi ngaso sonke isikhathi uma uthatha amaphilisi angaphansi kolimi ukuze uvimbele ukuwa ngenxa yesiyezi
• Gcina amaphilisi angaphansi kolimi ebhodleleni lawo elinsundu lokuqala ukuwavikela ekukhanyeni nasemswakeni
• Shintsha amaphilisi akho angaphansi kolimi njalo ezinyangeni eziyi-6, ngisho noma ibhodlela lingekho
• Ungawasebenzisi amaphilisi angaphansi kolimi uma engabangeli umuzwa wokuluma kancane
• Thatha amaphilisi akhishwa kancane kancane ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke
• Ungayeki ngokuzumayo ukuthatha amafomu asebenza isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho

Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo ethile ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho nohlobo lwe-nitroglycerin olubekiwe. Landela ngaso sonke isikhathi isiqondiso sabo, futhi unganqikazi ukubuza imibuzo uma kukhona okungacacile.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Nitroglycerin?

Ubude besikhathi ozothatha ngaso i-nitroglycerin busekelwe esimweni sakho senhliziyo esithile nokuthi usabela kahle kangakanani ekwelashweni. Abanye abantu bayayisebenzisa kuphela uma kudingeka ngezikhathi zobuhlungu besifuba, kanti abanye bayayithatha njalo ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa yi-angina.

Uma usebenzisa amaphilisi angaphansi kolimi ukuze uthole usizo oluphuthumayo lobuhlungu besifuba, ngokuvamile uzowagcina nawe unomphela njengesinyathelo sokuphepha. Udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza njalo ukuthi usawadinga yini ngokusekelwe empilweni yakho yonke yenhliziyo kanye nokunye ukwelashwa okutholayo.

Kubantu abathatha amafomu akhishwa kancane kancane nsuku zonke, ubude besikhathi buyahlukahluka kakhulu. Abanye bangase bayidinge izinyanga ezimbalwa ngenkathi belulama emcimbi wenhliziyo, kanti abanye abanezimo zenhliziyo ezingapheli bangase bayithathe iminyaka. Udokotela wakho uzoqapha inqubekela phambili yakho futhi alungise uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa njengoba kudingeka.

Ungayeki Ukuthatha I-nitroglycerin Ngokuzumayo

Ungayeki ukuthatha i-nitroglycerin ngokuzumayo, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa isimiso esivamile. Umzimba wakho ungaqala ukuncika emuthini, futhi ukuyeka kungazelelwe kungase kubangele ubuhlungu obukhulu besifuba noma ezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo. Hlala usebenza nodokotela wakho ukuze unciphise kancane kancane umthamo uma sekuyisikhathi sokuyeka.

Yiziphi Izimo Ezingezinhle Ze-Nitroglycerin?

Imiphumela engemihle ye-nitroglycerin yenzeka ngoba umuthi uthinta imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wakho wonke, hhayi nje eduze kwenhliziyo yakho. Imiphumela eminingi emibi imnene futhi yesikhashana, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi okulindelekile ukuze ungakhathazeki ngokungadingekile.

Imiphumela ejwayelekile kakhulu yikhanda elibuhlungu nesiyezi, okwenzeka ngoba i-nitroglycerin yandisa imithambo yegazi ekhanda lakho futhi yehlisa umfutho wegazi lakho. Le miphumela ivame ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa noma emasontweni.

Nansi imiphumela engemihle ongase uyithole, iqala ngaleyo ejwayelekile kakhulu:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu (elivame ukuchazwa njengokushaya noma ukushaya)
• Isiyezi noma ukukhathala, ikakhulukazi uma usukuma
• Ukubomvu noma ukuzwa ufudumele ebusweni nasentanyeni yakho
• Isicanucanu noma isisu esibuhlungu
• Ubuthakathaka noma ukuzizwa ukhathele
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile

Imiphumela engavamile kodwa ebucayi idinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Lokhu okungenzeka okungavamile kufaka phakathi ukwehla okukhulu komfutho wegazi, ukuquleka, noma ukusabela komzimba okune-rash, ukuvuvukala, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula.

Abanye abantu bathuthukisa ukubekezelela i-nitroglycerin, okusho ukuthi iba ngaphansi kokusebenza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Udokotela wakho angase ancome izikhathi ezingenayo i-“nitrate” ukusiza ukuvimbela lokhu, ikakhulukazi ngezinhlobo ezisebenza isikhathi eside.

Ubani Ongafanele Athatha I-Nitroglycerin?

Abantu abathile kufanele bagweme i-nitroglycerin noma bayisebenzise ngokuqapha okukhulu ngoba ingabangela ukuxhumana okuyingozi noma yenze izimo zezempilo ezikhona zibe zimbi. Udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokubhala lo muthi.

Ukuvinjelwa okubaluleke kakhulu kuhilela imithi yokungasebenzi kahle kwesitho sangasese sowesilisa njenge-sildenafil (Viagra), i-tadalafil (Cialis), noma i-vardenafil (Levitra). Ukuthatha lezi kanye ne-nitroglycerin kungadala ukwehla kwengcindezi yegazi okubeka impilo engozini.

Nazi izimo nezimo lapho i-nitroglycerin ingase ingaphephile khona:

• Ukuthatha imithi yokungasebenzi kahle kwesitho sangasese sowesilisa (okuphikisana ngokuphelele)
• I-anemia ebucayi noma ukubala kwegazi okuphansi
• Ukucindezela okukhulu ebuchosheni noma ukulimala kwekhanda kwakamuva
• Izinhlobo ezithile zezinkinga ze-valve yenhliziyo
• Isifo sezinso noma sesibindi esibucayi
• Ukucindezela kwegazi okuphansi (i-hypotension)
• Ezinye izimo zenhliziyo ezingavamile njenge-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Abesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisa ibele kufanele baxoxe ngezingozi nezinzuzo nodokotela wabo, njengoba i-nitroglycerin ingawela i-placenta futhi idlulele obisini lwebele. Umuthi ngezinye izikhathi usetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa lapho izinzuzo zidlula izingozi.

Uma unezinye zalezi zimo, ungacabangi ukuthi awukwazi ukuthatha i-nitroglycerin. Udokotela wakho angase akwazi ukuyinikeza ngokuqapha ngokucophelela noma izinyathelo ezikhethekile zokukugcina uphephile.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Nitroglycerin

I-Nitroglycerin itholakala ngaphansi kwamagama amaningi omkhiqizo, nakuba inguqulo ejwayelekile isebenza kahle futhi ibiza kancane. Ungase ubone amagama ahlukene ebhodleleni lakho likanhlama kuye ngokuthi udokotela wakho unikeze yiphi ifomu.

Amagama ajwayelekile omkhiqizo wamaphilisi angaphansi kolimi afaka i-Nitrostat ne-Nitroquick. Lawa maphilisi asebenza ngokushesha ancibilika ngaphansi kolimi lwakho ukuze kukhululwe ubuhlungu besifuba esiphuthumayo.

Ngama-capsules akhishwe isikhathi eside, ungase ubone amagama afana ne-Nitro-Time noma i-Nitroglyn. Izithambiso ezinamathela esikhumbeni sakho zifaka i-Nitro-Dur ne-Minitran. Umuthi wakho wemithi angakusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olutholayo nokuthi ulusebenzisa kanjani ngendlela efanele.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Nitroglycerin

Eminye imithi eminingi ingelapha ubuhlungu besifuba nezimo zenhliziyo uma i-nitroglycerin ingakulungele. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izimpawu zakho ezithile, ezinye izimo zempilo, nokuthi uzithwala kahle kangakanani imithi ehlukene.

Eminye imithi ye-nitrate efana ne-isosorbide mononitrate (Imdur) noma i-isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) isebenza ngendlela efana ne-nitroglycerin kodwa ihlala isikhathi eside emzimbeni wakho. Lezi zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuvimbela i-angina kunokwelapha izigameko eziqatha.

Ama-beta-blockers afana ne-metoprolol noma i-atenolol angasiza ekuvikeleni ubuhlungu besifuba ngokunciphisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho nokunciphisa ukuthi inhliziyo yakho isebenza kanzima kangakanani. Ama-calcium channel blockers afana ne-amlodipine noma i-diltiazem nawo ayasiza ngokuphumuza imithambo yegazi nokunciphisa umsebenzi wenhliziyo.

Kwabanye abantu, inhlanganisela yemithi isebenza kangcono kunanoma iyiphi imithi eyodwa. Udokotela wakho angase akunikeze i-nitroglycerin kanye neminye imithi yenhliziyo ukuze akunikeze ukulawulwa okungcono kakhulu kwezimpawu nokuvikelwa kwenhliziyo.

Ingabe i-Nitroglycerin Ingcono Kunezinye Izidakamizwa Zenhliziyo?

I-Nitroglycerin akudingeki ukuthi ingcono noma imbi kunezinye izidakamizwa zenhliziyo, kodwa idlala indima eyingqayizivele engakwazi ukugcwaliswa ezinye izidakamizwa. Inzuzo yayo enkulu isenzo esisheshayo esikhulu sokukhulula ubuhlungu besifuba esiphuthumayo, esisebenza ngemizuzu uma sibekwe ngaphansi kolimi.

Uma iqhathaniswa nama-beta-blockers noma ama-calcium channel blockers, i-nitroglycerin isebenza ngendlela ehlukile futhi ivame ukuhambisana nale minye imithi kunokuyishintsha. Ama-beta-blockers avimbela ubuhlungu besifuba ngokunciphisa umsebenzi wenhliziyo, kuyilapho i-nitroglycerin iphatha ubuhlungu besifuba ngokuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi enhliziyweni.

Umuthi

Udktela wakho uzokusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi i-nitroglycerin ingena kanjani ohlelweni lwakho lonke lokwelashwa nokuthi ingabe iyona engcono kakhulu esimweni sakho.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Nitroglycerin

Umbuzo 1. Ingabe i-Nitroglycerin iphephile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela?

Yebo, i-nitroglycerin ngokuvamile iphephile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela futhi ayithinti ngokuqondile amazinga kashukela egazini. Kodwa-ke, abantu abanesifo sikashukela basengozini enkulu yokugula kwenhliziyo, ngakho udokotela wakho uzokuhlola eduze.

Okukhathaza kakhulu ukuthi isifo sikashukela singathinta imithambo yakho yegazi nokujikeleza kwegazi, okungenzeka ukuthi kukwenze uzwe kakhulu imiphumela ye-nitroglycerin yokwehlisa umfutho wegazi. Udokotela wakho angase aqale ngomthamo ophansi bese elungisa njengoba kudingeka.

Abanye abantu abanesifo sikashukela banomonakalo wemizwa ongamboza izimpawu zobuhlungu besifuba, okwenza kube nzima ukwazi ukuthi ungayisebenzisa nini i-nitroglycerin. Sebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukuze uqonde izimpawu zakho ezithile nokuthi kufanele ufune nini ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo.

Umbuzo 2. Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuzile i-Nitroglycerin eningi ngengozi?

Uma ngengozi uphuze i-nitroglycerin eningi, hlala phansi noma ulale phansi ngokushesha bese ushayela udokotela wakho noma isikhungo sokulawula ubuthi ngokushesha. Ukuphuza okuningi kungabangela umfutho wegazi ophansi oyingozi, ikhanda elibuhlungu elibuhlungu, noma ukuquleka.

Izimpawu ze-nitroglycerin eningi zihlanganisa isiyezi esibuhlungu, ukuquleka, ubunzima bokuphefumula, isikhumba esibandayo noma esinamathelayo, noma izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo elihamba kancane kakhulu. Lezi zimpawu zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ngamaphilisi angaphansi kolimi, ungaphuza amaphilisi angaphezu kwamathathu (elilodwa njalo ngemizuzu emi-5) ngaphandle kokushayela usizo oluphuthumayo. Uma ubuhlungu bakho besifuba bungathuthuki ngemva kwethebhulethi yesithathu, shayela u-911 kunokuthatha eminye imithi.

Umbuzo 3. Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo we-Nitroglycerin?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo we-nitroglycerin okhishwe isikhathi eside, yithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, ngaphandle kokuthi sekuseduze isikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo. Ungathathi imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ulungise umthamo ophuthelwe.

Ngemaphilisi angaphansi kolimi asetshenziswa uma kudingeka ngenxa yobuhlungu besifuba, akukho hlelo olujwayelekile okufanele ululahle. Thatha lawa kuphela uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zobuhlungu besifuba, ulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho.

Uma uvame ukukhohlwa imithamo ye-nitroglycerin ekhishwe isikhathi eside, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana namaqhinga okukusiza ukuthi ukhumbule, njengokuyithatha ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke noma usebenzisa umhleli wamaphilisi.

Q4. Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-Nitroglycerin?

Ungayeki ukuthatha i-nitroglycerin ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala, ikakhulukazi uma uyithatha njalo. Ukuyeka kungazelelwe kungabangela ubuhlungu besifuba obubuyayo noma ezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo.

Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi kuphephile nini ukuyeka ngokusekelwe esimweni senhliziyo yakho, eminye imithi oyithathayo, nokuthi izimpawu zakho zilawulwa kahle kangakanani. Bangase banciphise kancane kancane umthamo wakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kunokuyeka konke ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Noma ngabe uzizwa ungcono, gcina amaphilisi akho angaphansi kolimi nawe ngaphandle kokuthi udokotela wakho ekutshela ngqo ukuthi kuphephile ukuyeka. Izimo zenhliziyo zingashintsha, futhi ukuba nemithi ephuthumayo etholakalayo kunikeza ukuvikelwa okubalulekile.

Q5. Ngingakwazi yini ukuzivocavoca ngenkathi ngithatha i-Nitroglycerin?

Yebo, ngokuvamile ungenza umsebenzi ngenkathi uthatha i-nitroglycerin, kodwa uzodinga ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezithile futhi ulandele isiqondiso sikadokotela wakho. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi i-nitroglycerin empeleni ibasiza ukuthi bazivocavoce ngokunethezeka ngokuvimbela ubuhlungu besifuba.

Udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuthatha ithebhulethi engaphansi kolimi ngaphambi kokuzivocavoca ukuvimbela ubuhlungu besifuba, ikakhulukazi uma umsebenzi womzimba ubangele izimpawu esikhathini esidlule. Qala kancane futhi wandise kancane izinga lomsebenzi wakho njengoba kutholakala.

Yeka ukuzivocavoca ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu besifuba, isiyezi, noma ukuphefumula okungavamile. Uma i-nitroglycerin engaphansi kolimi ingakhululi ubuhlungu besifuba obubangelwa ukuzivocavoca, funa ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okuphuthumayo kunokuba uqhubeke nokuzivocavoca.