Yini i-Obinutuzumab: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni Nokunye

I-Obinutuzumab iyindlela yokwelapha umdlavuza eqondiwe esiza amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi alwe nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza wegazi. Lo muthi ungoweqembu elibizwa ngokuthi ama-monoclonal antibodies, asebenza njengemishini eqondisiwe ethola futhi ihlasele amaseli omdlavuza athile ngenkathi eshiya iningi lamaseli anempilo yedwa.

Ungase uzizwe ukhungathekile ngokufunda ngemithi emisha yomdlavuza, futhi lokho kujwayelekile ngokuphelele. Ukuqonda ukuthi i-obinutuzumab isebenza kanjani kungakusiza ukuthi uzizwe ulungiseleleke futhi uqiniseke ngohlelo lwakho lokwelashwa.

Yini i-Obinutuzumab?

I-Obinutuzumab iyi-antibody eyenziwe e-laboratory eqondiswe kuphrotheni ethile etholakala kumaseli omdlavuza athile. Cabanga ngayo njengomphenyi oqeqeshwe kakhulu ongakwazi ukuhlonza nokumaka amaseli omdlavuza ukuze abhujiswe amasosha akho omzimba.

Lo muthi unikezwa nge-IV infusion, okusho ukuthi ugelela ngqo emsingeni wakho nge-needle engalweni yakho noma echwebeni. Ukwelashwa kwenzelwe ukuthi kube ngokuqondile kune-chemotherapy yendabuko, kugxile ngqo kumaseli omdlavuza kunokuthinta wonke amaseli ahlukanisa ngokushesha emzimbeni wakho.

I-Obinutuzumab yagunyazwa yi-FDA njengokwelashwa okusha ngoba yakhombisa ukuthuthuka okukhulu ekusizeni abantu abanomdlavuza othile wegazi ukuthi baphile isikhathi eside, impilo enempilo.

Isetshenziselwani i-Obinutuzumab?

I-Obinutuzumab iphatha izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza wegazi, ikakhulukazi i-chronic lymphocytic leukemia nezinhlobo ezithile ze-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Udokotela wakho cishe uncome lokhu kwelashwa ngoba amaseli akho omdlavuza anophawu oluthile lwephrotheni olwenza ukuthi alungele lo muthi.

Lo muthi uvame ukusetshenziswa njengokwelashwa kokuqala, okusho ukuthi ungenye yezinketho zokuqala iqembu lakho lezokwelapha elizozama. Ivame ukuhlanganiswa neminye imithi yomdlavuza ukuze kwakhiwe indlela yokwelapha ebanzi.

Kwezinye izimo, i-obinutuzumab ingase incomwe uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasebenzi njengoba bekulindelekile. Udokotela wakho we-oncologist uzokuchazela ngqo ukuthi kungani lokhu kwelashwa kunengqondo esimweni sakho esithile.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Obinutuzumab?

I-Obinutuzumab isebenza ngokunamathela kuphrotheni ebizwa nge-CD20 ehlala ebusweni bamaseli athile omdlavuza. Uma isinamathele, ithumela isignali ohlelweni lwakho lomzimba lokuzivikela ukuthi libhubhise la maseli amakwe ngezindlela eziningi.

Lo muthi ubhekwa njengendlela yokwelapha eqinile nephumelelayo. Ngokungafani ne-chemotherapy ethinta izinhlobo eziningi zamaseli, i-obinutuzumab iqondise ngqo amaseli omdlavuza, okusho ukuthi imiphumela emibi embalwa iyonke.

Le nqubo yenzeka kancane kancane ngemijikelezo eminingi yokwelapha. Umzimba wakho wokuzivikela uba ngcono ekuboneni nasekuqothuleni amaseli omdlavuza njengoba ukwelashwa kuqhubeka.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Obinutuzumab?

I-Obinutuzumab ihlale inikezwa njenge-IV infusion endaweni yokunakekelwa kwezempilo, hhayi njengepilisi oyithatha ekhaya. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizofaka inaliti encane emthanjeni engalweni yakho noma lifinyelele echwebeni uma unalo.

Ngaphambi kwe-infusion ngayinye, uzothola imithi yangaphambi kokwelashwa ukusiza ekuvikeleni ukusabela komzimba okungalungile. Lokhu kungabandakanya ama-antihistamines, i-acetaminophen, noma ama-corticosteroids. Akudingeki ukuthi uzile ukudla ngaphambi kokwelashwa, futhi ukudla ukudla okulula ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungakusiza ukuthi uzizwe ukhululekile.

I-infusion yokuqala ngokuvamile ithatha isikhathi eside kunezinye, ngezinye izikhathi kufika emahoreni angu-6-8. Ukwelashwa okwalandelayo kuvame ukuthatha amahora angu-3-4. Uzoqashwa eduze kuyo yonke inqubo, futhi i-infusion ingancishiswa noma imiswe uma uzwa noma yikuphi ukungakhululeki.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Obinutuzumab?

Ubude bokwelashwa kwakho nge-obinutuzumab buxhomeke ohlotsheni oluthile lomdlavuza onalo nokuthi usabela kanjani emuthini. Izinhlelo eziningi zokwelapha zihilela imijikelezo eminingi ezinyangeni eziningana.

Uhlelo olujwayelekile lokwelapha lungase luhlanganise imijikelezo eyisithupha, lapho umjikelezo ngamunye uhlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-28. Ngesikhathi somjikelezo wokuqala, ungaluthola umuthi kaningi, bese kuthi kamuva emijikelezweni elandelayo.

Udokotela wakho uzoqapha njalo intuthuko yakho ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nezifundo zokuthwebula izithombe. Ngokuya ngendlela umdlavuza wakho osabela ngayo nokuthi ukwelashwa ukubekezelela kangakanani, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lingase lilungise ubude noma imvamisa yokufakwa kwemithi yakho.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni ye-Obinutuzumab?

Njengazo zonke izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza, i-obinutuzumab ingabangela imiphumela emibi, nakuba abantu abaningi beyibekezelela kangcono kune-chemotherapy yendabuko. Ukuqonda ukuthi yini ongayilindela kungakusiza uzizwe ulungiseleleke kangcono futhi wazi ukuthi ungalithinta nini ithimba lakho lezempilo.

Imiphumela eminingi emibi iyalawuleka, futhi ithimba lakho lezokwelapha linolwazi lokusiza iziguli ezinseleleni ezingase zivele. Ake sibheke imiphumela evame kakhulu ongase uyithole.

Imiphumela Evamile Eceleni

Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu yenzeka ngenxa yokuthi amasosha akho omzimba asebenza kanzima futhi umzimba wakho uqhubekisa umuthi. Le miphumela ivamise ukuba yesikhashana futhi ithuthuke phakathi nemijikelezo yokwelapha.

• Ukukhathala nokuzizwa ukhathele kunokujwayelekile
• Isicanucanu noma isisu esincane
• Ukucindezeleka kwekhanda
• Imisipha noma ubuhlungu bamalunga
• Umkhuhlane noma amaqhwa
• Ukukhwehlela noma izimpawu zokuphefumula ezincane
• Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba noma ukuluma
• Ukuqunjelwa noma ukuqina kwesisu

Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela ukwelashwa. Ithimba lakho lezempilo linganikeza imithi namasu okusiza ukuphatha noma yikuphi ukungakhululeki okuzwayo.

Ukuphendula Okuhlobene Nokufakwa Kwemithi

Abanye abantu bathola ukusabela ngesikhathi noma ngemva nje kokuthola ukufakwa kwemithi. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha likuqapha eduze ngalezi zindlela, yingakho uzothola imithi yangaphambi kokwelashwa futhi uhlale ngaphansi kokubhekwa.

• Umkhuhlane noma amakhaza ngesikhathi sokwelashwa
• Ukuphelelwa umoya noma ukuba nobunzima bokuphefumula
• Ukuqina esifubeni noma ubuhlungu
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• Isiyezi noma ukuzwa sengathi uyakhathala
• Ukubomvu kwesikhumba noma ukubabomvu
• Ukuvuvukala kobuso, izindebe, noma umphimbo

Uma kwenzeka noma yikuphi kwalokhu, umhlengikazi wakho anganciphisa noma amise okwesikhashana ukumnika. Izinhlobo eziningi zokuphendula zithambile futhi zixazululeka ngokushesha ngokuphathwa okufanele.

Imiphumela emibi engathi sína

Ngenkathi kungavamile, eminye imiphumela emibi idinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizokufundisa kahle ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu zokuxwayisa okufanele uzibheke nokuthi ungawabiza nini.

• Izimpawu zokutheleleka njengomkhuhlane oqhubekayo, ukukhathala okukhulu, noma izimpawu ezingavamile
• Izinkinga ezinkulu zokuphefumula noma ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukuphuma kwegazi okungavamile noma ukulimala
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu
• Ukudideka noma izinguquko esimweni sengqondo
• Ukuphendula kwesikhumba okukhulu noma ukuqubuka okubanzi
• Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba noma amehlo

Le miphumela emibi ayivamile, kodwa ukuyibona kusenesikhathi kuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukwelashwa okusheshayo uma kudingeka.

Imiphumela emibi engavamile kodwa ebalulekile

Eminye imiphumela emibi engavamile kakhulu ingenzeka emasontweni noma ezinyangeni ngemuva kokwelashwa. Ngenkathi lokhu kungavamile, ukukwazi ngakho kukusiza ukuthi uhlale uqaphile ngempilo yakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

• I-Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) - ukutheleleka kobuchopho okungavamile
• Izinkinga ezinkulu zesibindi
• Ukungajwayelekile kwesigqi senhliziyo
• I-Tumor lysis syndrome - lapho amaseli omdlavuza ewohloka ngokushesha kakhulu
• Ukubala kwegazi okuphansi okukhulu okuhlala amasonto amaningi
• Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwegciwane le-hepatitis B kubantu abake baba nalo

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokuqapha ngokucophelela ngenxa yalezi zinkinga ezingavamile ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile nokuhlolwa.

Ubani okungafanele athathe i-Obinutuzumab?

I-Obinutuzumab ayifanele wonke umuntu, futhi udokotela wakho uzobukeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuncoma lokhu kwelashwa. Ukwethembeka ngezimo zakho zempilo kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi lo muthi uphephile kuwe.

Abantu abanezifo eziqhubekayo, ezinzima ngokuvamile badinga ukulinda kuze kube yilapho lesi sifo sesiphelile ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa. Isimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela kufanele sibe namandla ngokwanele ukuze sikwazi ukusingatha imithi ngokuphepha.

Uma unomlando we-hepatitis B, ngisho noma ingasebenzi iminyaka eminingi, uzodinga ukuqashwa okukhethekile. Imithi ngezinye izikhathi ingavuselela leli gciwane, kodwa ithimba lakho lezokwelapha liyazi ukuthi lingaqaphela kanjani futhi livimbele lokhu kunzima.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe akufanele bathole i-obinutuzumab, njengoba ingalimaza ingane esakhula. Uma uhlela ukukhulelwa, udokotela wakho uzoxoxa ngezindlela zokwelapha ezingezinye noma izinketho zesikhathi nawe.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Obinutuzumab

I-Obinutuzumab ithengiswa ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi Gazyva e-United States nakwamanye amazwe amaningi. Ungase futhi uyibone ibizwa nge-Gazyvaro kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.

Umuthi uyafana kungakhathaliseki igama lomkhiqizo. Ikhemisi lakho noma isikhungo sokwelapha sizoqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ifomula efanele ebekwe udokotela wakho we-oncologist.

Ezinye Izindlela Zokwelapha ze-Obinutuzumab

Eminye imithi eminingi isebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-obinutuzumab yokwelapha umdlavuza wegazi. Udokotela wakho angase acabangele lezi ezinye izindlela ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile, ukwelashwa kwangaphambilini, noma umshwalense.

I-Rituximab enye i-monoclonal antibody eqondise iphrotheni efanayo ye-CD20. Isetshenziswe isikhathi eside kune-obinutuzumab futhi inesithombe sokuphepha esisunguliwe, nakuba izifundo zikhomba ukuthi i-obinutuzumab ingasebenza kahle kakhulu ezimweni ezithile.

Ezinye izindlela zihlanganisa i-ofatumumab, elinye i-antibody elilwa ne-CD20, noma ezinye izinhlobo zokwelashwa okuhloswe ngakho njenge-BTK inhibitors. Udokotela wakho we-oncologist uzokuchazela ukuthi kungani ekholelwa ukuthi i-obinutuzumab iyona engcono kakhulu yohlobo lwakho oluthile lomdlavuza nesimo.

Ingabe i-Obinutuzumab Ingcono Kune-Rituximab?

Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi i-obinutuzumab ingasebenza kangcono kune-rituximab ezinhlotsheni ezithile zomdlavuza wegazi, ikakhulukazi i-chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Kodwa-ke, "kungcono" kuncike esimweni sakho somuntu ngamunye kanye nomlando wezokwelapha.

I-Obinutuzumab yakhelwe ngqo ukuthi ibe namandla kune-rituximab ekubulaleni amaseli omdlavuza. Izivivinyo zomtholampilo zikhombisile ukuthi abantu abanomdlavuza othile bavame ukuphila isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuthi isifo sabo siqhubeke lapho belashwa nge-obinutuzumab uma kuqhathaniswa ne-rituximab.

Kodwa-ke, i-rituximab isetshenziswe ngempumelelo iminyaka eminingi futhi inerekhodi elide ledatha yokuphepha. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izinto ezinjengobudala bakho, impilo yonke, ukwelashwa kwangaphambilini, nezici ezithile zomdlavuza lapho enquma ukuthi yimuphi umuthi okunikeza ithuba elingcono kakhulu lokuphumelela.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Obinutuzumab

Q1. Ingabe i-Obinutuzumab Iphephile Kubantu Abanezinkinga Zenhliziyo?

Abantu abanezimo zenhliziyo bangavame ukuthola i-obinutuzumab, kodwa badinga ukuqashwa ngokucophelela ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Udokotela wakho we-cardiologist kanye ne-oncologist bazosebenzisana ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhliziyo yakho ingakwazi ukusingatha umuthi ngokuphepha.

Inqubo yokufaka ingase iguqulwe kubantu abanezinkinga zenhliziyo, ngamanani okuphatha ahamba kancane nokuqashwa okuvame kakhulu. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lingase futhi lilungise imithi ozoyithola ngaphambi kokwelashwa ukuze kuncishiswe noma yikuphi ukucindezeleka ohlelweni lwakho lwe-cardiovascular.

Uma unomlando wesifo senhliziyo, qiniseka ukuthi uxoxa lokhu ngokucophelela nodokotela wakho we-oncologist. Bangachaza izingozi nezinzuzo ezithile esimweni sakho nokuthi yikuphi ukuqashwa okuzoba khona.

Umbuzo 2. Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngithola i-Obinutuzumab eningi ngengozi?

Njengoba i-obinutuzumab inikezwa ochwepheshe bezempilo endaweni yezokwelapha, ukweqisa ngengozi akuvamile kakhulu. Umuthi ubhalwa ngokucophelela ngokusekelwe esisindweni somzimba wakho futhi unikezwa yizisebenzi zezokwelapha eziqeqeshiwe.

Uma uke usola ukuthi kukhona iphutha elenzekile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho, khuluma ngokushesha. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lithatha lezi zinkathazo ngokungathí sina futhi lizophenya noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingase zibe khona ngokushesha.

Esimweni esingajwayelekile sokweqisa, uzoqashwa eduze ukuze uthole imiphumela emibi eyengeziwe, futhi ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizohlinzeka ngokunakekelwa okusekelayo ukusiza umzimba wakho ukuthi uqhubeke nomuthi owedlulele ngokuphepha.

Umbuzo 3. Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo we-Obinutuzumab?

Uma uphuthelwa ukumnika i-obinutuzumab okuhleliwe, xhumana nethimba lakho le-oncology ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze lihlehlise kabusha. Bazonquma isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokwelashwa kwakho okulandelayo ngokusekelwe ohlelweni lwakho lokwelashwa nokuthi isikhathi esingakanani esidlulile.

Ngokuvamile, kubalulekile ukuhlala eduze ngangokunokwenzeka ohlelweni lwakho lokwelashwa oluhleliwe ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu. Nokho, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha liyaqonda ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi ukugula, izimo eziphuthumayo, noma ezinye izimo zingase ziphazamise ama-aphoyintimenti akho.

Ungazami ukwenza ngemithamo ephuthelwe ngokuhlela ukwelashwa eduze. Udokotela wakho we-oncologist uzolungisa uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa ngokuphepha ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi usathola inzuzo ephelele yomuthi.

Umbuzo 4. Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-Obinutuzumab?

Akufanele uyeke ukwelashwa nge-obinutuzumab ngaphandle kokuxoxa ngakho nodokotela wakho we-oncologist kuqala. Isinqumo sokuyeka ukwelashwa sincike ekutheni umdlavuza wakho usabela kahle kangakanani nokuthi ngabe uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi engalawuleki.

Udokotela wakho uzohlola njalo intuthuko yakho ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo zegazi, izifundo zokuthwebula izithombe, kanye nokuhlolwa komzimba. Uma umdlavuza wakho uphendula kahle futhi uqede imijikelezo yakho yokwelashwa ehleliwe, bazoxoxa ngokuthi kufanele kumiswe nini.

Abanye abantu bangase badinge ukumisa ukwelashwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngenxa yemiphumela emibi, kanti abanye bangazuza emijikelezweni eyengeziwe. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizothatha lezi zinqumo ngokusekelwe ekuphenduleni kwakho komuntu ngamunye kanye nempilo yonke.

Q5. Ngingakwazi yini Ukuthola Imigomo Ngenkathi Ngithatha i-Obinutuzumab?

Imigomo ephilayo kufanele igwenywe ngenkathi uthola i-obinutuzumab kanye nezinyanga eziningana ngemva kokuphela kokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, eminye imigomo engeyona ephilayo ingase inconywe ukuvikela wena ezifweni.

Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizohlinzeka ngesiqondiso esiqondile mayelana nokuthi yimiphi imigomo ephephile futhi enenzuzo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho. Bangase bancomise ukugonywa komkhuhlane noma eminye imigomo ukukusiza ukuthi uzivikele lapho amasosha akho omzimba esebenza kanzima ukulwa nomdlavuza.

Njalo hlola nodokotela wakho we-oncologist ngaphambi kokuthola noma iyiphi imigomo, ngisho nalezo ezijwayelekile. Bazoxhumana nodokotela wakho wokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi uthola imigomo efanele ngokuphepha.