Yini i-Ocriplasmin: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Ocriplasmin ngumjovo wamehlo okhethekile osiza ukwelapha isimo esithile esibizwa ngokuthi i-vitreomacular adhesion. Lo muthi usebenza ngokuncibilikisa ukuxhumana okungajwayelekile phakathi kwezingxenye ezimbili zamehlo akho - i-vitreous gel kanye ne-macula (ingxenye ye-retina yakho enomthwalo wemfanelo wokubona okucacile, okumaphakathi).

Uma udokotela wakho encoma i-ocriplasmin, cishe ubhekene nezinguquko ekuboneni ezithinta imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. Lokhu kwelashwa kumelela intuthuko enkulu ekunakekelweni kwamehlo, kunikeza enye indlela engahlaseli kakhulu kunokuhlinzwa kwamehlo kwendabuko ezigulini ezithile.

Yini i-Ocriplasmin?

I-Ocriplasmin ngumuthi osuselwe ku-enzyme ofakwa ngqo emehlweni akho ukuze welaphe i-vitreomacular adhesion. Kuyiphrotheni ehlanzekile esebenza njengezikele ze-molecular, ichitha ngokucophelela amaprotheni adala ukuxhumana okungafuneki emehlweni akho.

Umuthi uvela ku-enzyme enkulu ebizwa nge-plasmin, ekhiqizwa ngokwemvelo umzimba wakho. Ososayensi baye bashintsha le enzyme ukuyenza iqondiswe kakhulu futhi isebenze kahle ekwelapheni izimo ezithile zamehlo. Cabanga ngayo njengethuluzi eliqondile elenzelwe ngokukhethekile izicubu zamehlo ezibucayi.

Lokhu kwelashwa kusha uma kuqhathaniswa nomhlaba wokunakekelwa kwamehlo, njengoba kuvunywe yi-FDA ngo-2012. Ithengiswa ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi Jetrea futhi limelela ukuqonda okukhulu kubantu ababevame ukuba nezinketho zokwelapha ezilinganiselwe.

Isetshenziselwani i-Ocriplasmin?

I-Ocriplasmin iphatha i-vitreomacular adhesion, isimo lapho into enjenge-gel emehlweni akho (i-vitreous) inamathela ngokungajwayelekile ku-macula yakho. Lokhu kuxhumana okungafuneki kungabangela izinkinga ekuboneni, okuhlanganisa ukubona okungacacile noma okuhlanekezelwe.

Udktela wakho angase ancome lokhu kwelashwa uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinjengemigqa eqondile evela inamaza, ubunzima ekufundeni, noma izinkinga ngemisebenzi enemininingwane. Lesi simo ngokuvamile sithinta abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-65, nakuba singenzeka kunoma iyiphi iminyaka.

Kwezinye izimo, i-ocriplasmin ingasiza ngemigodi emincane ye-macular - izinyembezi ezincane ku-macula ezingathinta kakhulu umbono wakho ophakathi. Nokho, isebenza kahle kakhulu emgodini omncane kuno-400 micrometers ububanzi.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Ocriplasmin?

I-Ocriplasmin isebenza ngokwephula amaprotheni athile abamba i-vitreous gel ku-macula yakho. Iqondisa amaprotheni abizwa ngokuthi i-fibronectin ne-laminin, okuyizona ezibangela ukunamathela okungajwayelekile.

Uma isifakwe esweni lakho, umuthi uqala ukusebenza phakathi kwamahora kuya ezinsukwini. Empeleni ichitha "inglue" yama-molecular ebanga le nkinga, ivumela i-vitreous yakho ukuba ihlukane ngokwemvelo ne-macula. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ukuhlukana kwe-vitreous.

Umuthi uthathwa njengomuthi onamandla ngokulinganisela wokwelashwa kwamehlo. Unamandla ngokwanele ukudala ukuhlukana okufunwayo kodwa uthambile ngokwanele ukugwema ukulimaza izicubu ezinempilo ezizungezile. Iziguli eziningi zibona ngcono phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa, nakuba ezinye zingase zibone izinguquko ngokushesha.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Ocriplasmin?

I-Ocriplasmin inikezwa njengomjovo owodwa ngqo esweni lakho nguchwepheshe wamehlo (i-ophthalmologist noma uchwepheshe we-retinal). Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-intravitreal injection futhi yenzeka ehhovisi likadokotela wakho noma esikhungweni sokuhlinzwa esingaphandle.

Ngaphambi komjovo, udokotela wakho uzohlanza indawo ezungeze iso lakho futhi afake amaconsi okubulala ubuhlungu ukunciphisa ukungakhululeki. Bangase futhi bakunike amaconsi e-antibiotic ukuvimbela ukutheleleka. Umjovo wangempela uthatha imizuzwana embalwa kuphela, nakuba lonke i-aphoyintimenti lingathatha imizuzu engama-30-60.

Akudingeki ukuthi uzile ngaphambi kwenqubo, futhi ungadla ngokujwayelekile ngaphambi kwalokho. Kodwa-ke, kufanele uhlele ukuthi othile akuqhubele ekhaya, njengoba umbono wakho ungase ube mnyama okwesikhashana noma ungakhululeki ngemuva komjovo.

Ngemuva komjovo, udokotela wakho cishe uzonikeza amaconsi esweni elwa namagciwane ukuthi asetshenziswe izinsuku eziningana. Bazophinda bahlele ama-aphoyintimenti okulandelayo ukuze baqaphele inqubekela phambili yakho futhi baqinisekise ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza ngempumelelo.

Kufanele Ngithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Ocriplasmin?

I-Ocriplasmin ivamise ukunikezwa njengomjovo owodwa, futhi iziguli eziningi azidingi ukwelashwa okuphindwayo. Umuthi uqhubeka usebenza esweni lakho amasonto amaningana ngemuva komjovo, uncibilikisa kancane kancane ukunamathela okungajwayelekile.

Udokotela wakho uzoqapha inqubekela phambili yakho ngokuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo ezinyangeni ezilandelayo. Lawa ma-aphoyintimenti avame ukwenzeka ngesonto elilodwa, inyanga eyodwa, nezinyanga ezintathu ngemuva komjovo. Ezinye iziguli zingase zidinge ukulandelela okwengeziwe kuye ngempendulo yazo ekwelashweni.

Uma umjovo wokuqala ungafinyeleli imiphumela efiselekayo ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu, udokotela wakho angase axoxe ngezindlela zokwelapha ezingezinye. Kodwa-ke, imijovo ephindwayo ye-ocriplasmin ayivamile, njengoba umuthi usebenza ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala noma izindlela ezingezinye zicatshangelwa.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni Ye-Ocriplasmin?

Abantu abaningi bathola imiphumela emincane emincane ngemuva komjovo we-ocriplasmin, okuyinto ejwayelekile njengoba iso lakho lizivumela ekwelashweni. Ukuqonda okukulindele kungakusiza ukuthi uzizwe ulungiseleleke kakhulu futhi ungakhathazeki ngale nqubo.

Imiphumela ejwayelekile ongase uyithole ihlanganisa:

• Ubuhlungu besikhashana esweni noma ukungakhululeki (ngokuvamile kulula futhi kulungiswa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa)
• Ukubona amachashazi amancane antantayo noma

  Lezi zinto ezivamile zivame ukuthuthuka phakathi nesonto futhi ziyizimpawu zokuthi iso lakho liyayiphendula imithi. Udokotela wakho uzonikeza imiyalelo ethile yokulawula noma yikuphi ukungakhululeki.

  Imiphumela emibi engathi sína ayivamile kodwa idinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha. Lezi zinkinga ezingavamile zingabandakanya:

  • Ubuhlungu obukhulu emehlweni obungathuthuki ngemithi yokwelapha ubuhlungu etholakala ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela
  • Ukulahlekelwa umbono okungazelelwe, okukhulu
  • Izibani ezikhanyayo noma ukwanda okungazelelwe kwama-floaters
  • Izimpawu zokutheleleka njengokwanda kobubomvu, ukukhipha, noma umkhuhlane
  • Ukuhlukana kwe-retinal (kuthinta ngaphansi kuka-1% weziguli)
  • Ukwanda okukhulu kwengcindezi yamehlo

  Ngenkathi lezi zinkinga ezingathi sína zingavamile, kubalulekile ukuxhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kungavimbela izinkinga zombono ezingapheli.

  Ubani Ongafanele Athole I-Ocriplasmin?

  I-Ocriplasmin ayifanele wonke umuntu one-vitreomacular adhesion. Udokotela wakho uzohlola ngokucophelela isimo sakho esithile ukuze anqume ukuthi ungumuntu ofanelekayo yini kulokhu kwelashwa.

  Akufanele uthole i-ocriplasmin uma une:

  • Ukutheleleka kwamehlo okusebenzayo noma ukuvuvukala
  • Izimbobo ezinkulu ze-macular (ezinkulu kune-400 micrometers)
  • I-myopia ephezulu (ukubona ngeso elincane okukhulu) nezinguquko ze-retinal ezihambisanayo
  • Ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo kwamuva noma ukulimala
  • Ezinye izifo ze-retinal ezithinta i-macula
  • I-proliferative diabetic retinopathy enokukhula kwemithambo yegazi okusebenzayo

  Udokotela wakho uzobuye acabange ngempilo yakho yonke neminye imithi oyithathayo. Ngenkathi i-ocriplasmin ifakwa ngqo esweni, kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha ophelele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukwelashwa kuphephile kuwe.

  Abesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisayo kufanele baxoxe ngezingozi nezinzuzo nodokotela wabo, njengoba kunolwazi olulinganiselwe mayelana nemiphumela ye-ocriplasmin ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa.

  Igama Lomkhiqizo we-Ocriplasmin

  I-Ocriplasmin ithengiswa ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi Jetrea e-United States nakwamanye amazwe amaningi. Le yona kuphela indlela etholakala ngokuthengisa ye-ocriplasmin yokwelapha ukunamathela kwe-vitreomacular.

  I-Jetrea yenziwa yi-Oxurion (eyayiyi-ThromboGenics), inkampani yezemithi yaseBelgium esebenza ngokukhethekile ekwelapheni amehlo. Umuthi uza ebhokisini elilodwa eliqukethe i-0.1 mL yesixazululo.

  Udokotela wakho angase abhekisele emuthini nganoma yiliphi igama - i-ocriplasmin noma i-Jetrea - kodwa bangumuthi ofanayo. Igama lomkhiqizo livame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zezokwelapha kanye nemibhalo yomshuwalense.

  Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha i-Ocriplasmin

  Uma i-ocriplasmin ingafaneleki esimweni sakho noma inganikezi imiphumela oyifunayo, kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezitholakalayo. Udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi iyiphi inketho engasebenza kangcono esimweni sakho esithile.

  Enye indlela yokwelapha ukuhlinzwa kwe-vitrectomy, inqubo yokuhlinzwa lapho udokotela ohlinzayo esusa i-vitreous gel esweni lakho bese eyifaka esikhundleni sayo ngesisombululo se-saline. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kungena ngaphakathi kune-ocriplasmin injection kodwa kunenani eliphezulu lempumelelo lokwelapha ukunamathela kwe-vitreomacular.

  Kwabanye iziguli, ukubheka ngokucophelela kungase kufanele, ikakhulukazi uma izimpawu zithambile. Izimo eziningi zokunamathela kwe-vitreomacular zizixazulula zodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngaphandle kokwelashwa.

  Eminye imithi iyacwaningwa ngezimo ezifanayo, kodwa i-ocriplasmin isahlala iyona kuphela yokwelapha yezemithi evunywe yi-FDA yokunamathela kwe-vitreomacular. Uchwepheshe wakho we-retinal angaxoxa ngendlela enengqondo kakhulu ecaleni lakho elithile.

  Ingabe i-Ocriplasmin ingcono kune-Vitrectomy Surgery?

  I-Ocriplasmin kanye nokuhlinzwa kwe-vitrectomy ngakunye kunokuhle okuhlukile, futhi ukukhetha okungcono kuncike esimweni sakho esithile nezintandokazi zakho. Akukho ukwelashwa okungcono ngokujwayelekile - basebenzela iziguli ezihlukene nezimo ezihlukene.

  I-Ocriplasmin inikeza izinzuzo eziningana njengenketho engahlaseli kakhulu. Inqubo yokujova ithatha imizuzu nje, ayidingi i-anesthesia ejwayelekile, futhi inesikhathi esifushane sokululama. Ngokuvamile ungabuyela emisebenzini ejwayelekile ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, futhi akukho ngozi yokwakheka kwe-cataract, okungenzeka ngemva kwe-vitrectomy.

  Nokho, ukuhlinzwa kwe-vitrectomy kunenani eliphezulu lempumelelo, okusebenza cishe kuma-90-95% wamacala uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga lempumelelo le-ocriplasmin elingu-25-40%. Ukuhlinzwa futhi kuvumela udokotela wakho ukuthi abhekane nezinye izinkinga zamehlo ngasikhathi sinye futhi kunikeze imiphumela engabikezelwa kakhulu.

  Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izinto ezinjengobukhulu banoma iyiphi imbobo ye-macular, amandla e-vitreomacular adhesion, iminyaka yakho, nempilo yakho yonke lapho encoma ukwelashwa. Odokotela abaningi bazama i-ocriplasmin kuqala uma kufanelekile, njengoba ingahlaseli kakhulu futhi ingagwema isidingo sokuhlinzwa.

  Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Ocriplasmin

  Ingabe i-Ocriplasmin iphephile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela?

  I-Ocriplasmin ingaphepha kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, kodwa udokotela wakho uzodinga ukuhlola ngokucophelela isimo sakho samehlo kuqala. Uma une-diabetic retinopathy, ikakhulukazi uhlobo oluphrogressive olunezinzwa ezintsha zegazi, i-ocriplasmin kungenzeka inganconywa.

  Isifo sikashukela singathinta i-retina yakho ngezindlela ezenza i-ocriplasmin ingasebenzi kahle noma ibe yingozi. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele futhi angase ayale ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kokucabanga ukuze ahlulele ukuthi i-ocriplasmin ilungele yini wena.

  Uma unesifo sikashukela esilawulwa kahle ngaphandle kwezinguquko ezinkulu ze-retinal, i-ocriplasmin ingase isaba yindlela. Okubalulekile ukuba nengxoxo eqotho nochwepheshe wakho we-retinal mayelana nokuphathwa kwakho isifo sikashukela nempilo yamehlo yakho yonke.

  Ngingenzani uma ngizwa ubuhlungu obukhulu ngemva kokujova i-Ocriplasmin?

  Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uzwa ubuhlungu obukhulu emehlweni obungathuthuki ngemithi yokwelapha ubuhlungu etholakala ngaphandle kwekhawunta noma iba kubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Nakuba ukungakhululeki okuncane kujwayelekile ngemva komjovo, ubuhlungu obukhulu bungase bubonise inkinga edinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

  Udkt wakho angase afune ukuhlola iso lakho ukuze ahlole izimpawu zokutheleleka, ukwanda kwengcindezi yamehlo, noma ezinye izinkinga. Bangase banikeze imithi eqinile yokwelapha ubuhlungu noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha kuye ngokuthi batholani.

  Ungalindi ukubona ukuthi ubuhlungu obukhulu buyathuthuka yini ngokwawo. Ukungenelela kusenesikhathi kungavimbela izinkinga ezingathi sína futhi kusize ukulondoloza umbono wakho. Imitholampilo eminingi yamehlo inezinombolo zokuxhumana ngemva kwamahora ngezinkinga eziphuthumayo.

  Ngingazi nini ukuthi i-Ocriplasmin iyasebenza?

  Ungase uqale ukuqaphela ukuthuthuka embonweni wakho emasontweni ambalwa okuqala ngemva komjovo, nakuba ezinye iziguli zibona izinguquko ngokushesha. Umuthi uqhubeka usebenza amasonto amaningana, ngakho ungakhathazeki uma ungaboni imiphumela ngokushesha.

  Udkt wakho uzoqapha inqubekela phambili yakho ngokuqokwa okuvamile kokulandela, okuvamise ukuhlelwa ngesonto elilodwa, inyanga eyodwa, nezinyanga ezintathu ngemva komjovo. Bazosebenzisa izivivinyo ezikhethekile zokuthwebula izithombe ukuze babone ukuthi ukunamathela kwe-vitreomacular kuyakhululwa yini.

  Ngesikhathi sezinyanga ezintathu, udkt wakho ngokuvamile angathola ukuthi ngabe ukwelashwa kuphumelele yini. Uma i-ocriplasmin ingazange izuze imiphumela obuyilindele ngaleso sikhathi, cishe bazoxoxa nawe ngezinketho zokwelashwa ezingezinye.

  Ngingashayela ngemva kokuthola i-Ocriplasmin?

  Akufanele ushayele ngemva nje kokuthola umjovo we-ocriplasmin, njengoba umbono wakho ungase ube mnyama okwesikhashana noma ungakhululeki. Hlela ukuthi othile akuqhubele ekhaya ekuqokweni.

  Iziguli eziningi zingaqala kabusha ukushayela phakathi nosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili, uma umbono wazo usucacile futhi noma yikuphi ukungakhululeki sekuphelile. Nokho, kufanele ulinde uze uzizwe ukuthi umbono wakho uphephile ekushayeleni futhi ungafunda izimpawu zomgwaqo ngokucacile.

  Udkt wakho uzonikeza isiqondiso esiqondile mayelana nokuthi ungalibuyela nini ekushayeleni ngokusekelwe endleleni iso lakho elisabela ngayo emuthini. Uma unezinkathazo ngombono wakho ngemuva komjovo, unganqikazi ukuxhumana nehhovisi likadokotela wakho.

  Ingabe Zikhona Yini Imiphumela Yesikhathi Eside ye-Ocriplasmin?

  Iziguli eziningi azihlangabezani nemiphumela yesikhathi eside evela ekwelashweni kwe-ocriplasmin. Umuthi wenzelwe ukusebenza okwesikhashana bese ususwa esweni lakho ngokwemvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

  Ezinye iziguli zingase zibone izinguquko ezingapheli kuma-floaters azo noma ikhwalithi yombono ehlukile kancane, kodwa lokhu kuvame ukuhlobana nesimo esingaphansi kunomuthi ngokwawo. Umgomo uwukuthuthukisa umbono wakho wonke kanye nekhwalithi yempilo.

  Udkt wakho uzoqhubeka nokubheka impilo yeso lakho ngesikhathi sokuqokwa okulandelayo ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi azikho imiphumela yesikhathi eside engalindelekile. Uma ubona izinguquko ezikhathazayo embonweni wakho izinyanga noma iminyaka ngemuva kokwelashwa, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwamehlo ukuze uhlolwe.