Yini i-Odevixibat: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Odevixibat iyimithi ekhethekile esiza ukuphatha isimo sesibindi esingavamile esibizwa ngokuthi i-progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC). Lo muthi oqokiwe usebenza ngokuvimba izithuthi ezithile ze-bile acid emathunjini akho, okungasiza ukunciphisa ukulunywa okukhulu kanye nomonakalo wesibindi oza nalesi simo.

Uma wena noma othandiweyo wakho eqokiwe i-odevixibat, cishe unemibuzo mayelana nokuthi isebenza kanjani nokuthi yini ongayilindela. Lo muthi umele ukuthuthuka okubalulekile emindenini ebhekene ne-PFIC, enikeza ithemba lapho izinketho zokwelapha zazilinganiselwe kakhulu.

Yini i-Odevixibat?

I-Odevixibat iyimithi yomlomo eyenzelwe ngqo ukwelapha i-progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC). I-PFIC yisifo esingavamile sezakhi zofuzo esithinta indlela isibindi sakho esicubungula ngayo ama-bile acids, okuholela ekulunyweni okukhulu kanye nomonakalo wesibindi oqhubekayo.

Lo muthi ungowesigaba semithi ebizwa ngokuthi i-ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT) inhibitors. Cabanga ngayo njenge-blocker ekhethekile evimbela amathumbu akho ukuthi angamunci ama-bile acid amaningi kakhulu, okuyimbangela eyinhloko yezimpawu ze-PFIC.

Lo muthi wathuthukiswa ngemva kweminyaka yocwaningo ngezifo zesibindi ezingavamile. Ithole imvume evela e-FDA ngo-2021, okuyenza ibe yimithi yokuqala evunyelwe ngokuqondile ukwelapha i-PFIC ezigulini ze-pediatric.

Isetshenziselwani i-Odevixibat?

I-Odevixibat isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukwelapha i-progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) ezigulini ezineminyaka emithathu ubudala nangaphezulu. I-PFIC ibangela ukuthi ama-bile acids akheke esibindini sakho esikhundleni sokugeleza ngokujwayelekile emathunjini akho.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko lo muthi osiza ukubhekana nazo zihlanganisa ukulunywa okukhulu, okuqhubekayo okungakhubaza. Iziguli eziningi ezine-PFIC ziba nokulunywa okukhulu kangangokuthi kuphazamisa ukulala, isikole, umsebenzi, nemisebenzi yansuku zonke.

Ngaphandle kokukhulula ukulunywa, i-odevixibat ingase futhi isize ukunciphisa ukuqhubeka komonakalo wesibindi. Nakuba kungelaphi i-PFIC, lingathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lempilo futhi lingase libambezele isidingo sokufakelwa isibindi kwabanye iziguli.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Odevixibat?

I-Odevixibat isebenza ngokuvimba iphrotheni ethile ebizwa ngokuthi i-ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT) emathunjini akho amancane. Le phrotheni ngokuvamile isebenzisa kabusha ama-bile acids e-liver yakho, kodwa ezigulini ze-PFIC, le nqubo inegalelo ekwakhekeni kwama-bile acids.

Ngokuvimba le transporter, i-odevixibat ivumela ama-bile acids amaningi ukuthi aphume emzimbeni wakho ngokuhamba kwamathumbu esikhundleni sokubuyela esibindini sakho. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ukugxila kwama-bile acids egazini lakho nasezicutshini zesibindi.

Umuthi uthathwa njengonamandla ngokulinganisela ngenjongo yawo ethile. Nakuba isebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvimbeni ukumuncwa kabusha kwama-bile acids, yakhelwe ukuthi isebenze kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kunokuthi inikeze ukukhululeka ngokushesha.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Odevixibat?

I-Odevixibat kufanele ithathwe ngendlela eqondile njengoba kunqunywe udokotela wakho, ngokuvamile kanye ngosuku ekuseni. Umuthi uza ngama-capsules angagwinywa wonke noma avulwe futhi axutshwe nokudla ezigulini ezincane ezingakwazi ukugwinya amaphilisi.

Kufanele uthathe i-odevixibat nokudla ukuze usize umzimba wakho ukuyimunca kahle. Isidlo sasekuseni esilula noma ukudla okulula ngokuvamile kwanele. Ukuyithatha esiswini esingenalutho kunganciphisa ukusebenza kwayo.

Uma udinga ukuvula i-capsule, ungafakela okuqukethwe enanini elincane lokudla okuthambile njenge-applesauce noma iyogathi. Qiniseka ukuthi udla yonke ingxube ngokushesha futhi ungagcini lutho ngemuva.

Zama ukuthatha umthamo wakho ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke ukuze ugcine amazinga aqhubekayo ohlelweni lwakho. Lokhu kusiza umuthi ukuthi usebenze ngempumelelo.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Odevixibat?

I-Odevixibat ngokuvamile iyindlela yokwelapha yesikhathi eside ye-PFIC, okusho ukuthi cishe uzodinga ukuyithatha ngokuqhubekayo uma nje isiza izimpawu zakho. Njengoba i-PFIC iyisimo esingokwemvelo esingapheli, ukuyeka imithi ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi izimpawu zizobuya.

Udokotela wakho uzoqapha ukusabela kwakho emuthini njalo, ngokuvamile ehlola izimpawu zakho nomsebenzi wesibindi njalo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Ezinye iziguli zibona ngcono ekulunyeni emasontweni ambalwa, kanti ezinye zingathatha izinyanga eziningana ukuzwa izinzuzo eziphelele.

Ubude bokwelashwa buxhomeke ekutheni usabela kahle kangakanani emuthini nokuthi ngabe uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi. Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizosebenza nawe ukuthola uhlelo olungcono kakhulu lwesikhathi eside esimweni sakho esithile.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni ye-Odevixibat?

Njengayo yonke imithi, i-odevixibat ingabangela imiphumela emibi, yize abantu abaningi beyibekezelela kahle. Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ihlobene nezinguquko zokugaya ukudla ngoba imithi ithinta indlela umzimba wakho oqhubula ngayo ama-bile acids.

Nawa ama-side effects avame kakhulu ongase uwahlangabezane nawo:

• Ukuqunjelwa noma izitulo ezixekile
• Ubuhlungu besisu noma ukuqaqamba
• Isicanucanu
• Ukuphalaza
• Ukukhathala
• Ukuncipha kwesifiso sokudla

Iningi lale miphumela emibi yokugaya ukudla ivame ukuba yinto emnene kuya kwemaphakathi futhi ivame ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho uzivumela emuthini emasontweni ambalwa okuqala kokwelashwa.

Ezinye iziguli zingase zibe nemiphumela emibi kakhulu kodwa engavamile. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukuqunjelwa okukhulu okuholela ekuphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni, ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu, noma izimpawu zezinkinga zesibindi njengokuphuzi kwesikhumba noma amehlo.

Imiphumela emibi engavamile kodwa ebucayi ingabandakanya ukusabela okukhulu komzimba, yize lokhu kungavamile. Izimpawu zokusabela okukhulu komzimba zihlanganisa ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala kobuso noma umphimbo, noma ukuqubuka kwesikhumba okukhulu.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nokuhlanza okuqhubekayo, isifo sohudo esibi, izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, noma yiziphi izimpawu ezikukhathazayo.

Ubani Ongafanele Athathe I-Odevixibat?

I-Odevixibat ayifanele wonke umuntu, ngisho nalabo abane-PFIC. Udokotela wakho uzohlola ngokucophelela ukuthi lo muthi ulungile yini esimweni sakho ngaphambi kokuwunika.

Akufanele uthathe i-odevixibat uma wazi ukuthi unokungezwani komzimba nomuthi noma yiziphi izithako zawo. Abantu abanezinhlobo ezithile zesifo sesibindi ngaphandle kwe-PFIC kungenzeka futhi bangabi ngabantu abafanelekayo kulokhu kwelashwa.

Lo muthi udinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela ezigulini ezinokugula okukhulu kwezinso, njengoba ukusebenza kwezinso kuthinta indlela umzimba wakho oqhubula ngayo umuthi. Udokotela wakho kungase kudingeke alungise umthamo wakho noma akuqaphele eduze uma unezinkinga zezinso.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe noma abancelisa ngamabele kufanele baxoxe ngezingozi nezinzuzo nomhlinzeki wabo wezempilo. Ngenkathi izifundo kwabesifazane abakhulelwe zilinganiselwe, umuthi ungase udingeke uma izinzuzo zidlula izingozi ezingaba khona.

Izingane ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu ubudala akufanele zithole i-odevixibat, njengoba ukuphepha nokusebenza kungakazinziswa kulolu hlu lweminyaka oluncane kakhulu.

Igama Lomkhiqizo Le-Odevixibat

I-Odevixibat ithengiswa ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi Bylvay e-United States nakwamanye amazwe. I-Bylvay yenziwa yi-Albireo Pharma futhi iyona kuphela uhlobo lwe-odevixibat olutholakala ngokuthengisa.

Umuthi utholakala ngamandla ahlukene amaphilisi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezihlukahlukene zokulinganisa, okubaluleke kakhulu njengoba isetshenziswa ezinganeni nakubantu abadala. Ikhemisi lakho lizokhipha amandla athile udokotela wakho awabhale.

Njengoba lo muthi okhethekile wesimo esingavamile, i-Bylvay kungenzeka ingatholakali kuwo wonke amakhemisi. Udokotela wakho noma usokhemisi angasiza ukuhlela ukuthi uthole umuthi ngezinsizakalo zekhemisi ekhethekile uma kudingeka.

Ezinye Izindlela Ze-Odevixibat

Izinketho zokwelapha ze-PFIC zilinganiselwe, yingakho i-odevixibat imelela intuthuko ebaluleke kangaka. Ngaphambi kokuba lo muthi utholakale, ukwelashwa kwakugxila ikakhulu ekuphatheni izimpawu nezinkinga.

Ukwelashwa kwendabuko okungenzeka odokotela basakusebenzisa kanye noma esikhundleni se-odevixibat kufaka phakathi ama-bile acid sequestrants afana ne-cholestyramine. Le mithi isebenza ngendlela ehlukile ngokubopha ama-bile acids emathunjini akho, kodwa avame ukungasebenzi kahle futhi kunzima ukuwaqonda.

Ezimweni ezinzima ezingasabeli ekwelashweni kwezokwelapha, ukufakelwa kwesibindi kuhlala kuyindlela yokwelapha eqinisekile. Kodwa-ke, i-odevixibat ingasiza ukubambezela isidingo sokufakelwa kwabanye abantu.

Ezinye iziguli zizuzwa ekwelashweni okusekelayo njenge-antihistamines yokuluma, izithasiselo zokudla okunomsoco kwamavithamini ancibilika ngamafutha, nokuqapha ngokucophelela umsebenzi wesibindi. Lokhu kwelashwa kubhekana nezimpawu kodwa akuhloseli imbangela eyisisekelo njengoba i-odevixibat yenza.

Ingabe i-Odevixibat Ingcono Kune-Cholestyramine?

I-Odevixibat ne-cholestyramine zisebenza ngezindlela ezihlukene, okwenza ukuqhathanisa okuqondile kube yinselele. Kodwa-ke, izifundo zomtholampilo zikhomba ukuthi i-odevixibat ingasebenza kahle kakhulu kubantu abaningi be-PFIC.

I-Cholestyramine idinga imithamo eminingi yansuku zonke futhi kungaba nzima ukuyithatha, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni. Ivame ukubangela ukuqunjelwa futhi ingaphazamisa ukumuncwa kweminye imithi nezakhamzimba.

I-Odevixibat inikeza lula lokuthatha umthamo kanye ngosuku futhi ivame ukubekezelelwa kangcono yiziguli eziningi. Izivivinyo zomtholampilo zakhombisa ukuthi yayisebenza kahle kune-placebo ekunciphiseni ukuluma ezigulini ze-PFIC.

Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izinto ezifana nobudala bakho, izimpawu, eminye imithi, nokuthi usabele kahle kangakanani ekwelashweni kwangaphambilini lapho unquma phakathi kwalezi zinketho. Ezinye iziguli zingase zisebenzise yomibili imithi ndawonye uma kudingeka.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Odevixibat

Ingabe i-Odevixibat iphephile ezinganeni?

Yebo, i-odevixibat ivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa ezinganeni ezineminyaka emithathu ubudala. Umuthi wahlolwa ngokuqondile ezigulini ze-pediatric ngoba i-PFIC ivame ukuthinta izingane.

Izivivinyo zomtholampilo zihlanganisa iziguli ezisukela ezinsaneni kuya kubantu abadala, ngokunaka ngokucophelela ukulinganisa nokuphepha emaqenjini amancane eminyaka. Iphrofayili yemiphumela emibi ibonakala ifana kuwo wonke amaqembu eminyaka, nakuba izingane zingase zizwele kakhulu emiphumeleni yokugaya ukudla.

Udokotela wengane yakho uzobala umthamo ofanele ngokuya ngesisindo sayo futhi ayiqaphele eduze kokubili ukusebenza kahle nemiphumela emibi. Ukuqokwa okulandelayo okuvamile kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umuthi uqhubeka uphephile futhi uyasiza.

Ngingenzani Uma Ngisebenzisa Ngengozi I-Odevixibat Eningi Kakhulu?

Uma ngengozi uthatha i-odevixibat eningi kakhulu kunaleyo ebekiwe, xhumana nodokotela wakho noma isikhungo sokulawula ubuthi ngokushesha. Ukuthatha okuningi kungandisa ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi emibi, ikakhulukazi izinkinga zokugaya ukudla.

Ukweqisa kungase kubangele isifo sohudo esibi, ukushoda kwamanzi emzimbeni, ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte, noma ubuhlungu besisu. Le miphumela ingaba yimbi, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni noma kubantu abanezimo zezempilo ezingezinye.

Ungazami ukuzihlanza ngaphandle uma uqondiswe ngokuqondile uchwepheshe wezempilo. Gcina ibhodlela lomuthi nawe lapho ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuze abahlinzeki bezempilo bazi kahle ukuthi yini nokuthi kungakanani okuthathiwe.

Ngingenzani Uma Ngedlula Umthamo We-Odevixibat?

Uma udlula umthamo we-odevixibat, yithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, uma nje kungesona isikhathi esiseduze somthamo wakho olandelayo. Uma sekuseduze nesikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe, weqa umthamo odluliwe bese uqhubeka neshejuli yakho ejwayelekile.

Ungathathi imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ulungise umthamo odluliwe, njengoba lokhu kungandisa ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi. Ukuthatha imithamo ephindwe kabili ngeke kunikeze inzuzo eyengeziwe futhi kungaba yingozi.

Uma ukhohlwa njalo imithamo, zama ukusetha i-alamu yansuku zonke noma usebenzise umhleli wamaphilisi ukukusiza ukhumbule. Ukuthatha umthamo nsuku zonke ngendlela efanayo kusiza ukugcina amazinga emithi ezinzile emzimbeni wakho.

Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-Odevixibat?

Kufanele uyeke kuphela ukuthatha i-odevixibat ngaphansi kwesiqondiso sikadokotela wakho. Njengoba i-PFIC iyisimo esingamahlalakhona, ukuyeka imithi ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi izimpawu zakho zizobuya.

Udkt wakho angase ancome ukuyeka noma ukushintsha ukwelashwa kwakho uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi, uma imithi iyeka ukusebenza ngempumelelo, noma uma isimo sakho sishintsha kakhulu.

Ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko ohlelweni lwakho lokwelashwa, xoxa ngezinkathazo zakho nethimba lakho lezempilo. Bangakusiza ukuthi ulinganise izinzuzo nezingozi zokuqhubeka nokuyeka imithi.

Ngingayithatha i-Odevixibat neminye imithi?

I-Odevixibat ingasebenzisana neminye imithi, ngakho kubalulekile ukutshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi, izithasiselo, nemikhiqizo yamakhambi oyithathayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imithi kadokotela, imithi etholakala ngaphandle kwe-oda, namavithamini.

Imithi ingase ithinte indlela umzimba wakho ozuza ngayo amavithamini ancibilika emafutheni (A, D, E, no-K), ngakho udokotela wakho angase ancome izithasiselo zamavithamini noma aqaphele amazinga akho eduze.

Eminye imithi ezuza ngayo esithweni esifanayo samathumbu njenge-odevixibat ingase ibe nokusebenza okushintshiwe. Udokotela wakho kungase kudingeke ashintshe isikhathi noma umthamo weminye imithi ukuze agweme ukusebenzisana.