Iyini i-Opium: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni Nokuningi

I-Opium iyimithi enamandla ye-narcotic etholakala esitshalweni se-poppy esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ubuhlungu obukhulu lapho eminye imithi ingasebenzi. Le opioid yemvelo iqukethe izinhlanganisela eziningi ezisebenzayo, okuhlanganisa i-morphine ne-codeine, esebenza ngokuqondile ezinzwaneni zobuhlungu zobuchopho bakho ukuze zinikeze usizo.

Ngenkathi i-opium inokusetshenziswa okusemthethweni kwezokwelapha, iyinto elawulwayo edinga ukugadwa ngokucophelela kwezokwelapha ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu okuncika nokuhlukumeza. Ukuqonda ukuthi le mithi isebenza kanjani nemiphumela yayo kungakusiza ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nezinketho zakho zokuphatha ubuhlungu.

Iyini i-Opium?

I-Opium iyi-narcotic yemvelo ekhishwe ku-latex eyomile yezinhlamvu zembewu ye-poppy ezingavuthiwe. Iqukethe ama-alkaloids amaningi, ne-morphine iyinhlanganisela ebaluleke kakhulu yokunciphisa ubuhlungu emazingeni angama-8-17%.

Le mithi ingeyeqembu lezidakamizwa ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-opioid analgesics, okuyizona ezithuthukisa ubuhlungu ezinamandla kakhulu ezitholakala emithini. Uma kunqunywe ngokwezokwelapha, i-opium ngokuvamile icutshungulwa ibe yizinhlobo ezijwayelekile ukuqinisekisa ukulinganisa okungaguquki nokuphepha.

Le nto isetshenziswe ukunciphisa ubuhlungu izinkulungwane zeminyaka, kodwa umkhuba wanamuhla wezokwelapha uyisebenzisa kancane ngenxa yezinye izindlela eziphephe kakhulu ezitholakalayo. Namuhla, igcinelwe ikakhulukazi izimo ezithile lapho eminye imithi ye-opioid ingazange inikeze usizo olwanele.

Isetshenziselwani i-Opium?

I-Opium inqunyelwe ubuhlungu obukhulu, obungapheli obungazange busabele kweminye imithi ye-opioid. Lokhu ngokuvamile kufaka phakathi ubuhlungu bomdlavuza wesigaba sokugcina, ukululama kokulimala okukhulu, noma izimo ezithile zobuhlungu obungapheli lapho ukwelashwa okujwayelekile kuhlulekile.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi acabangele i-opium yokuphatha isifo sohudo esikhulu esingasabeli ekwelashweni okujwayelekile. Imithi yehlisa ukunyakaza kwamathumbu, okungasiza ukulawula izinkinga eziqhubekayo zokugaya ukudla ezimweni ezithile zezokwelapha.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-opium akuyona ukwelashwa kokuqala kwanoma yisiphi isimo. Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bayayibhala kuphela uma ezinye izindlela eziphephile njenge-morphine, i-oxycodone, noma ezinye izidakamizwa ezinganikezanga ukukhululeka okwanele esimweni sakho esithile.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Opium?

I-Opium isebenza ngokubopha kuma-receptors e-opioid ebuchosheni bakho, emgogodleni wakho, nakwezinye izingxenye zesimiso sakho sezinzwa. Lawa ma-receptor ngokuvamile aphendula kumakhemikhali omzimba wakho okunciphisa ubuhlungu, kodwa i-opium inikeza ukusebenza okuqinile kakhulu.

Lapho i-opium inamathisela kula ma-receptor, ivimba izimpawu zobuhlungu ukuthi zingafinyeleli ebuchosheni bakho futhi iqala ukukhishwa kwe-dopamine ebuchosheni bakho obuvuzayo. Lesi senzo esiphindwe kabili sinikeza kokubili ukukhululeka kobuhlungu nomuzwa we-euphoria, okufaka isandla ekutheni singalutha.

Lo muthi uthathwa njengomqina kakhulu uma uqhathaniswa nezinye izidakamizwa zokunciphisa ubuhlungu. Inamandla kakhulu kunezinketho ezingaphandle kwe-counter futhi inamandla ngisho nangaphezu kwezidakamizwa eziningi ezinqunyiwe, yingakho idinga ukuqashwa kwezokwelapha okucophelelayo.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Opium?

Thatha i-opium ngendlela enqunywe ngayo ngudokotela wakho, ngokuvamile njalo ngamahora angu-4-6 njengoba kudingeka ngenxa yobuhlungu. Umuthi uvame ukuza ngendlela yethebhulethi noma ewuketshezi, futhi kufanele uyigwinye yonke ngaphandle kokuyichoboza noma ukuyihlafuna.

Ungathatha i-opium ngaphandle kokudla, nakuba ukuyithatha nokudla okulula noma ubisi kungasiza ukunciphisa isisu esibuhlungu. Gwema utshwala ngokuphelele ngenkathi usebenzisa lo muthi, njengoba inhlanganisela ingaba yingozi futhi ibe yingozi.

Gcina umuthi wakho endaweni ephephile kude nezingane nabanye abangawusebenzisa kabi. Gcina umkhondo wemithamo yakho futhi ungalokothi wabelane nge-opium nanoma ubani omunye, njengoba ingabulala abantu abangakwazi ukumelana nama-opioid.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Opium?

Isikhathi sokwelashwa nge-opium sincike ngokuphelele esimweni sakho sezokwelapha kanye nokuphendula kwakho emuthini. Udokotela wakho uzohlola njalo ukuthi usadinga yini leli zinga lokuphathwa kobuhlungu.

Ezimweni zobuhlungu obukhulu, ukwelashwa kungase kuthathe izinsuku kuya emavikini. Ezimweni ezingamahlalakhona, udokotela wakho angase akubhalele imithi isikhathi eside ngenkathi eqhubeka nokubheka ukusabela kwakho futhi efuna amathuba okunciphisa umthamo noma ashintshele kwezinye izindlela.

Ungayeki ukuthatha i-opium ngokuzumayo ngemva kokuyisebenzisa izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbili, ngoba lokhu kungabangela izimpawu zokuhoxisa eziyingozi. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza isimiso sokunciphisa kancane kancane ukuze anciphise ngokuphepha umthamo wakho uma sekuyisikhathi sokuyeka umuthi.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni ye-Opium?

Imiphumela ejwayelekile ye-opium ihlanganisa ukozela, ukuqunjelwa, isicanucanu, kanye nesiyezi. Le miphumela ivame ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi, kodwa ukuqunjelwa kuvamile ukuqhubeka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Nawa amanye imiphumela evame kakhulu ongase uyithole:

• Ukozela nokukhathala
• Ukuqunjelwa (okuvamile kakhulu)
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Isiyezi noma ukuzwa sengathi uyakhathala
• Umlomo owomile
• Ukujuluka
• Ukudideka noma ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo

Le miphumela ejwayelekile ivamise ukulawuleka ngokunakekela okufanele nokulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase asikisela amasu okunciphisa ukungakhululeki ngenkathi uthatha umuthi.

Imiphumela emibi idinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha futhi ihlanganisa izinkinga ezinkulu zokuphefumula, ukozela ngokweqile, noma izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba. Imiphumela engavamile kodwa ekhathazayo ihlanganisa:

• Ukuphefumula okuhamba kancane noma okunzima
• Ukozela okukhulu noma ukungakwazi ukuvuka
• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu
• Ukucabanga okungamanga noma ukudideka okukhulu
• Ukungezwani komzimba (ukuqubuka, ukuvuvukala, ubunzima bokuphefumula)

Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezinzima. Ukungenelela kwezokwelapha okusheshayo kungavimbela izinkinga futhi kuqinisekise ukuphepha kwakho ngenkathi ulawula ubuhlungu bakho.

Ubani Ongafanele Athatha I-Opium?

Akufanele uthathe i-opium uma unezinkinga ezinkulu zokuphefumula, ukuvaleka esiswini sakho noma emathunjini, noma uma unokungezwani nezidakamizwa ze-opioid. Abantu abanesifuba esikhulu noma ezinye izimo zokuphefumula babhekana nezingozi ezinkulu ngalesi sithako.

Izimo eziningana zezokwelapha zenza i-opium ingaphephile noma idinga izinyathelo zokuphepha ezikhethekile:

• Isifuba esikhulu noma izifo zokuphefumula
• Ukuvinjelwa kwamathumbu noma ukuqunjelwa okukhulu
• Ukulimala ekhanda noma ukwanda kwengcindezi ebuchosheni
• Isifo esibi sesibindi noma sezinso
• Izinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo
• Umlando wokulutheka kwezidakamizwa noma utshwala
• Izimo zempilo yengqondo njengokucindezeleka okukhulu

Ukukhulelwa nokuncelisa nazo ziveza izinkathazo ezinkulu, njengoba i-opium ingalimaza ingane yakho futhi ibangele izimpawu zokuhoxisa ezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa. Hlala uxoxa ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha ophelele nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala lo muthi.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Opium

I-Opium itholakala ngaphansi kwamagama amaningana omkhiqizo, okujwayelekile kakhulu yi-Opium Tincture USP (Deodorized). Lokhu kulungiswa okujwayelekile kuqinisekisa amandla aqhubekayo futhi kunciphisa iphunga elinamandla elihambisana ne-opium eluhlaza.

Ezinye izilungiselelo zezokwelapha zihlanganisa i-Paregoric, equkethe i-opium kanye nezinye izithako ezinjenge-camphor kanye namafutha e-anise. Lezi zindlela zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa okuthile kwezokwelapha futhi ziqukethe amanani aqondile ezithako ezisebenzayo.

Yonke imithi ye-opium esemthethweni idinga incwadi kadokotela futhi ilawulwa kakhulu ngenxa yamandla ayo okuhlukumeza. Ungalokothi uzame ukuthola i-opium emithonjeni engeyona esemthethweni, ngoba lokhu akukho emthethweni futhi kuyingozi kakhulu.

Ezinye Izindlela Zokwelapha I-Opium

Ezinye izindlela eziphephile ze-opioid zingahlinzeka ngokuqeda ubuhlungu okufanayo ngezinkinga ezingaba khona ezimbalwa. I-Morphine sulfate ivame ukuba yinto yokuqala yokukhetha ubuhlungu obukhulu, inikeza ukukhululeka okuthembekile ngemithetho yokuphepha esungulwe kahle.

Udkt wakho angase acabangele lezi ezinye izindlela ngaphambi kokunquma i-opium:

• I-Morphine (ukukhishwa ngokushesha noma okweluliwe)
• I-Oxycodone (OxyContin, Percocet)
• I-Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
• Izithambiso ze-Fentanyl zobuhlungu obungapheli
• I-Methadone ezimweni ezithile
• I-Buprenorphine yokuphatha ubuhlungu

Ezinye izindlela ezingezona ze-opioid njengamabhuloki emizwa, imithi elwa nokuthuthumela, noma ama-antidepressants angase futhi asize ukuphatha ubuhlungu bakho. Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lingahlola lezi zinketho ukuze lithole ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo okuphephe kakhulu esimweni sakho esithile.

Ingabe i-Opium Ingcono Kune-Morphine?

I-Morphine ngokuvamile ithandwa ngaphezu kwe-opium yokuphatha ubuhlungu ngoba inikeza ukulinganisa okuthembeke kakhulu nemiphumela emincane. Amalungiselelo anamuhla e-morphine anikeza ukukhululeka kobuhlungu okuqhubekayo ngamaphrofayili okuphepha angcono kune-opium eluhlaza.

I-Opium iqukethe ama-alkaloids amaningi angabangela eminye imiphumela emibi ngaphandle kokukhululeka kobuhlungu, kuyilapho i-morphine iyinhlanganisela eyodwa ehlanzekile. Lokhu kwenza i-morphine ibe lula ukuyilinganisa ngokunembile futhi iqaphele ukusebenza kahle.

Ochwepheshe abaningi bezinhlungu bacabangela i-opium kuphela lapho i-morphine nezinye izidakamizwa ezinamandla zingazange zinikeze ukukhululeka okwanele. Umphakathi wezokwelapha ngokuvamile ubheka i-morphine njengokuphephile futhi ephumelela kakhulu ezimweni eziningi zokuphatha ubuhlungu.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Nge-Opium

Ingabe i-Opium Iphephile Esimeni Senhliziyo?

I-Opium ingathinta izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho nomfutho wegazi, ngakho-ke abantu abanezifo zenhliziyo badinga ukuqapha okwengeziwe. Umuthi unganciphisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho futhi ukhulise izimo ezithile zenhliziyo.

Udokotela wakho wenhliziyo nodokotela wokulawulwa kobuhlungu kufanele basebenzisane ukuqapha ukusebenza kwenhliziyo yakho ngenkathi usebenzisa i-opium. Bangase batusa ukuhlolwa okuvamile noma ukuqapha inhliziyo ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwakho.

Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngisebenzisa i-opium eningi ngengozi?

Shayela ku-911 ngokushesha uma wena noma omunye umuntu ethatha i-opium eningi. Izimpawu zokweqisa zihlanganisa ukozela okukhulu, ukuphefumula kancane, izindebe noma izinzipho eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nokungakwazi ukuvuka kahle.

Ungazami ukwenza ukuthi umuntu ahlanze noma umnike ikhofi ukuze "amvuse." Mgcine evukile uma kungenzeka futhi uqaphe ukuphefumula kwakhe kuze kufike usizo oluphuthumayo. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kungasindisa impilo ezimweni zokweqisa.

Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo we-opium?

Thatha umthamo wakho owuphuthelwe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, kodwa weqe uma sekuseduze isikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo. Ungalokothi uthathe imithamo emibili ukuze ulungise okushiwo, ngoba lokhu kwandisa ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi.

Uma usebenzisa i-opium ngenxa yobuhlungu obungapheli, ukuphuthelwa imithamo ngezikhathi ezithile ngeke kubangele ingozi. Kodwa-ke, ungazivumeli ukuthi uhlale isikhathi eside ngaphandle komuthi uma uthembele ngokomzimba, njengoba izimpawu zokuhoxiswa zingaba nzima.

Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-opium?

Yeka kuphela ukuthatha i-opium ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi uma ubusisebenzisa izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbili. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza isimiso sokunciphisa kancane ukuvimbela izimpawu zokuhoxiswa.

Izimpawu zokuthi ungase ukulungele ukunciphisa umthamo wakho zihlanganisa amazinga obuhlungu athuthukisiwe, ukusebenza okungcono, noma ukutholakala kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizohlola inqubekela phambili yakho futhi linqume indlela ephephe kakhulu yokuqeda umuthi.

Ngingashayela ngesikhathi ngithatha i-opium?

Akufanele ushayele noma usebenzise imishini ngenkathi uthatha i-opium, ikakhulukazi lapho uqala ukwelashwa noma ushintsha imithamo. Umuthi ungabangela ukozela, isiyezi, nokukhubazeka kokwahlulela okwenza ukushayela kube yingozi.

Abanye abantu bakhula ukubekezelelana nemiphumela yokuthulisa ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, kodwa akufanele neze ucabange ukuthi kuphephile ukushayela ngaphandle kokuxoxa ngakho nodokotela wakho kuqala. Ukuphepha kwakho nokuphepha kwabanye emgwaqweni kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kube yinto eza kuqala.