Yini i-Oprelvekin: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni Nokunye

I-Oprelvekin iyinguqulo yokwenziwa yeprotheni esiza umzimba wakho ukuthi ukhiqize ama-platelet amaningi - amaseli amancane egazi asiza ukumisa ukopha. Udokotela wakho angase akunikeze lo muthi uma unezinombolo ze-platelet eziphansi ngendlela eyingozi, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.

Lo muthi usebenza ngokulingisa into yemvelo emzimbeni wakho ebizwa ngokuthi i-interleukin-11. Cabanga ngayo njengokunikeza umnkantsha wakho wamathambo ukukhuthazwa okuncane ukuze ukhiqize ama-platelet amaningi uma kunzima ukuqhubeka nezidingo zomzimba wakho.

Yini i-Oprelvekin Esetshenziselwa Yona?

I-Oprelvekin isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuvimbela i-thrombocytopenia enzima - isimo lapho inani lakho le-platelet lehla ngendlela eyingozi. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngemva kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ngomdlavuza, lapho umuthi uthinta ikhono lomnkantsha wakho wamathambo lokukhiqiza ama-platelet anele.

Udokotela wakho ngokuvamile uzocabangela lo muthi uma inani lakho le-platelet lehla libe ngaphansi kuka-20,000 nge-microliter yegazi. Amanani e-platelet ajwayelekile asukela ku-150,000 kuya ku-450,000, ngakho lokhu kumelela ukwehla okukhulu okungakubeka engozini yokopha okukhulu.

Lo muthi uvunyelwe ngokuqondile iziguli eziye zaba ne-thrombocytopenia enzima ngemva kwe-myelosuppressive chemotherapy. Lokhu kusho imithi ye-chemotherapy ecindezela umsebenzi womnkantsha wakho wamathambo, okwenza kube nzima ngomzimba wakho ukukhiqiza amaseli egazi ngokwemvelo.

Isebenza Kanjani i-Oprelvekin?

I-Oprelvekin isebenza ngokukhuthaza umnkantsha wakho wamathambo ukuthi ukhiqize ama-platelet amaningi. Umuthi onamandla ngokulinganisela oqondise amaseli athile emnkantshini wakho wamathambo abizwa ngokuthi ama-megakaryocyte, anesibopho sokwenza ama-platelet.

Lo muthi usebenza njengokhiye ovula imishini yakho yemvelo yokwenza ama-platelet. Uma uthola umjovo, uya emnkantshini wakho wamathambo bese unamathisela kuma-receptors kula maseli akhethekile, uwakhuthaze ukuthi ande futhi avuthwe abe izimboni ezikhiqiza ama-platelet.

Ngokuvamile uzoqala ukubona imiphumela phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-5 kuya kwezi-9 ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa. Inani lakho lama-platelet lizokwanda kancane kancane njengoba umnkantsha wakho wamathambo uphendula emiyalweni yomuthi, nakuba umphumela ogcwele ungase uthathe amasonto amabili ukuba ubonakale.

Ngingawuthatha kanjani i-Oprelvekin?

I-Oprelvekin inikezwa njengomjovo ongaphansi kwesikhumba, okusho ukuthi umuthi ufakwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho usebenzisa inaliti encane. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzokufundisa wena noma ilungu lomndeni ukuthi ungalinikeza kanjani le mithi ekhaya, ngendlela efana naleyo abantu abanesifo sikashukela abazinika ngayo i-insulin.

Umthamo ovamile ungama-micrograms angama-50 ngekhilogramu yesisindo somzimba wakho, unikezwa kanye ngosuku. Udokotela wakho uzobala umthamo wakho oqondile ngokusekelwe esisindweni sakho kanye nesimo sezokwelapha. Abantu abaningi bathola umjovo ethangeni labo, engalweni engenhla, noma esiswini, bejikeleza phakathi kwezindawo ezihlukene ukuze bavimbele ukucasuka.

Ungawuthatha lo muthi ngaphandle kokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla, njengoba ufakwa esikhundleni sokugwinywa. Nokho, kubalulekile ukugcina umuthi kahle efrijini lakho futhi uwuvumele ukuthi ufike ezingeni lokushisa legumbi ngaphambi kokujova ukuze kuncishiswe ukungakhululeki.

Ngingawuthatha isikhathi esingakanani i-Oprelvekin?

Abantu abaningi bathatha i-oprelvekin izinsuku eziyi-10 kuya kwezingama-21, kuye ngokuthi inani labo lama-platelet lilulama ngokushesha kangakanani. Udokotela wakho uzoqapha umsebenzi wakho wegazi ngokucophelela futhi amise umuthi uma inani lakho lama-platelet lifinyelela ezingeni eliphephile, ngokuvamile ngaphezu kuka-50,000 ngemayikrolitha.

Ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuqala phakathi kwamahora ayi-6 kuya kwayi-24 ngemuva kokuqeda umjikelezo wakho we-chemotherapy. Ukuqala ngokushesha kungaphazamisa ukwelashwa kwakho umdlavuza, kuyilapho ukuqala sekwephile kungase kungakunikezi ukuvikelwa okudingayo ekopheni okuyingozi.

Udokotela wakho uzoqhuba izivivinyo zegazi ezivamile kuyo yonke imithi yakho ukuze ulandelele inani lakho lama-platelet futhi unqume isikhathi esifanele sokumisa umuthi. Abanye abantu bangase badinge izifundo ezimfushane, kuyilapho abanye bangase badinge izinsuku ezingama-21 zokwelashwa.

Ziyini Imiphumela Eceleni ye-Oprelvekin?

Njengemithi eminingi, i-oprelvekin ingabangela imiphumela emibi, nakuba kungewona wonke umuntu oyitholayo. Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ngokuvamile iyalawuleka futhi ivame ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela imithi.

Nansi imiphumela emibi ongase uyithole kakhulu, iqala ngaleyo evame kakhulu:

• Ukugcinwa kwamanzi nokuvuvukala, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni yakho, emaqakaleni, nasemazweni aseduze kwamehlo akho
• Ukukhathala nobuthakathaka obungase buzizwe buqina kunokujwayelekile
• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo, ikakhulukazi uma ulele phansi noma ngesikhathi somsebenzi olula
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
• Ikhanda elingase lisuke libe lula liye libe phakathi nendawo
• Isiyezi, ikakhulukazi uma usukuma ngokushesha
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza ngezikhathi ezithile
• Ubuhlungu emalungeni nemisipha

Lezi zimpawu zenzeka ngoba i-oprelvekin ingabangela umzimba wakho ukuthi ugcine uketshezi, okubeka ingcindezi eyengeziwe enhliziyweni yakho kanye nohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi le miphumela iyalawuleka, futhi ngokuvamile iyanyamalala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kokuyeka imithi.

Nakuba kungavamile, abanye abantu bangase babe nemiphumela emibi engathi sína edinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha:

• Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungapheli
• Ukuzuza isisindo okungazelelwe okungaphezu kwamaphawundi angu-3-4 ngosuku
• Ukuvuvukala okukhulu okungathuthuki ngokunyusa
• Ushintsho embonweni noma ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu
• Izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile njengokuqubuka, ukuluma, noma ukuvuvukala ebusweni

Uma uthola noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ezingathi sína, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha noma funa ukunakekelwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo. Le miphumela ayivamile kodwa ingaba yingozi uma ingelashwa.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole I-Oprelvekin?

I-Oprelvekin ayiphephile kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi udokotela wakho uzobukeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuyinika. Izimo ezithile zingenza lo muthi ube yingozi noma ungasebenzi esimweni sakho.

Akufanele uthathe i-oprelvekin uma wazi ukuthi unokungezwani komzimba nomuthi noma yiziphi izithako zawo. Udokotela wakho uzogwema ukuyinika uma unezifo zenhliziyo ezithile, njengoba umuthi ungenza ukugcinwa kwamanzi kube kubi futhi uqhubeke nokusebenza kwesistimu yakho yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.

Abantu abanezimo ezilandelayo ngokuvamile abakwazi ukuthatha i-oprelvekin ngokuphepha:

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• Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo noma ezinye izifo zenhliziyo ezinzima
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• Isifo sezinso esibi esithinta ukulinganisela kwamanzi
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• Umlando wokushaywa unhlangothi noma amahlule egazi
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• Isifo sesibindi esibi
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• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ongagadiwe
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• Ukukhulelwa noma ukuncelisa ibele
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Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa ukuqapha uma unezinkinga zenhliziyo ezincane, izinkinga zezinso, noma umlando wokugcinwa kwamanzi. Kulezi zimo, uzodinga ukuqapha okuseduze ngaso sonke isikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi umuthi uhlala uphephile kuwe.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Oprelvekin

I-Oprelvekin yaziwa kakhulu ngegama layo lomkhiqizo elithi Neumega. Leli yigama lomkhiqizo wokuqala lapho umuthi waqala ukugunyazwa futhi wathengiswa e-United States.

Uma uthatha umuthi wakho, ungase ubone kokubili

• Ukumpontshwa kwama-platelet ukuze kwenyuke ngokushesha kodwa okwesikhashana
• I-Eltrombopag (Promacta), umuthi oqeda ngomlomo ovuselela ukukhiqizwa kwama-platelet
• I-Romiplostim (Nplate), umjovo onikezwa masonto onke ezimweni ezingapheli
• Ama-Corticosteroids afana ne-prednisone ekubhubhiseni ama-platelet okuhlobene nokuzivikela komzimba
• Ukwelashwa nge-Immunoglobulin kwezinye izimo zokuzivikela komzimba

Inketho ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kanye nezingozi zayo. Ukumpontshwa kwama-platelet kusebenza ngokushesha kodwa kuhlala izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela, kanti imithi emisha yomlomo efana ne-eltrombopag ingase ibe lula ukuyithatha kodwa isebenza ngendlela ehlukile kune-oprelvekin.

Ingabe i-Oprelvekin Ingcono Kune-Eltrombopag?

I-Oprelvekin ne-eltrombopag zisebenza ngendlela ehlukile futhi zisetshenziselwa izimo ezihlukene, ngakho okukodwa akudingeki ukuthi kungcono kunokunye. Ukukhetha kuncike esimweni sakho esithile kanye nezidingo zezokwelapha.

I-Oprelvekin ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwesikhashana ngemva kwe-chemotherapy, kanti i-eltrombopag ivame ukunqunywa ukuthi isetshenziselwe ukuphatha isikhathi eside ukubalwa kwe-platelet okuphansi okungapheli. I-Oprelvekin idinga imijovo yansuku zonke futhi isebenza ngokushesha, ngokuvamile kungakapheli isonto, kodwa ingabangela ukugcinwa okwengeziwe koketshezi.

I-Eltrombopag iza njengepilisi oyithatha nsuku zonke futhi ngokuvamile ibangela ukugcinwa okuncane koketshezi, okwenza kube lula kubantu abanezinkinga zenhliziyo ukuyibekezelela. Nokho, kungase kuthathe isikhathi eside ukubona imiphumela futhi kudinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela ukusebenza kwesibindi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Oprelvekin

Ingabe i-Oprelvekin Iphephile Esinhliziyweni?

I-Oprelvekin idinga ukuqapha okukhethekile uma unesifo senhliziyo, njengoba ingabangela ukugcinwa koketshezi okucindezela uhlelo lwakho lwe-cardiovascular. Udokotela wakho uzokala ngokucophelela izinzuzo ngokumelene nezingozi uma unezimo zenhliziyo.

Uma unezinkinga zenhliziyo eziphansi, udokotela wakho angase akwazi ukukunqumela i-oprelvekin kodwa uzokuqapha eduze. Cishe uzodinga ukuhlolwa njalo, ukuqapha isisindo, futhi mhlawumbe nemithi eyengeziwe yenhliziyo ukuze uphathe ukugcinwa koketshezi ngokuphepha.

Kumele Ngenzeni Uma Ngizisebenzise Ngengozi I-Oprelvekin Eningi Kakhulu?

Uma ngengozi uzijova i-oprelvekin eningi kakhulu, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha, ngisho noma uzizwa kahle. Ukweqisa kungenza imiphumela emibi ibe mibi njengokugcinwa kwamanzi, izinkinga zenhliziyo, nobunzima bokuphefumula.

Ungalindi ukubona ukuthi ngabe izimpawu ziyavela yini - shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha noma uye egumbini eliphuthumayo. Letha ibhodlela lomuthi nawe ukuze abasebenzi bezokwelapha bakwazi ukubona kahle ukuthi uthathe malini nokuthi nini.

Kumele Ngenzeni Uma Ngeqe Umthamo We-Oprelvekin?

Uma weqa umthamo we-oprelvekin, yithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, ngaphandle uma sekuseduze isikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo. Kulokho, weqa umthamo owuqegile bese uqhubeka neshejuli yakho ejwayelekile.

Ungalokothi uthathe imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ulungise umthamo owuqegile, ngoba lokhu kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi. Uma ungaqiniseki ngesikhathi, shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze uthole isiqondiso sokuthi uqhubeke kanjani neshejuli yakho yokwelashwa.

Ngingayeka Nini Ukuthatha I-Oprelvekin?

Kufanele uyeke kuphela ukuthatha i-oprelvekin uma udokotela wakho ekutshela ukuthi wenze njalo, ngokuvamile lapho inani lakho lama-platelet lifinyelela ezingeni eliphephile elingaphezu kuka-50,000 ngemayikhrolitha. Abantu abaningi bayeka ukwelashwa phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-10 kuya kwezingama-21, kodwa lokhu kuyahluka ngokuya ngempendulo yomuntu ngamunye.

Udokotela wakho uzoqapha umsebenzi wakho wegazi ngokucophelela futhi anqume isikhathi esifanele sokuyeka ngokuya ngokululama kwakho kwama-platelet. Ukuyeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungakushiya usengozini yokopha okuyingozi, kuyilapho ukuqhubeka isikhathi eside kungakhuphula imiphumela emibi ngokungadingekile.

Ngingashayela Ngenkathi Ngithatha I-Oprelvekin?

I-Oprelvekin ingabangela isiyezi, ukukhathala, nezinguquko embonweni ezingase zithinte ikhono lakho lokushayela ngokuphepha. Naka ukuthi umuthi ukuthinta kanjani, ikakhulukazi ezinsukwini zakho zokuqala zokwelashwa.

Uma uzwa isiyezi, ukukhathala okukhulu, noma yiziphi izinkinga zombono, gwema ukushayela kuze kube yilapho lezi zimpawu zithuthuka. Abantu abaningi bangaqhubeka nokushayela ngokujwayelekile, kodwa kubalulekile ukubeka phambili ukuphepha futhi ulalele izimpawu zomzimba wakho.