Yini i-Oseltamivir: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Oseltamivir iyimithi elwa namagciwane esiza umzimba wakho ukuthi ulwe negciwane lomkhuhlane ngempumelelo. Ungase uyazi kangcono ngegama layo lomkhiqizo, i-Tamiflu, futhi ingenye yezindlela zokwelapha ezivame kakhulu ukunqunywa uma umkhuhlane we-influenza uhlasela umndeni wakho.

Le mithi isebenza ngokuvimbela igciwane lomkhuhlane ukuthi lingasakazeki liye emangqamuzaneni anempilo emzimbeni wakho. Cabanga ngayo njengokubeka izithiyo ezingavimbeli igciwane ukuthi lihambe futhi liphindaphindeke ngokushesha njengoba livame ukwenza.

Yini i-Oseltamivir?

I-Oseltamivir ingeyodwa yezinhlobo zemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-neuraminidase inhibitors. Le mithi iqondise ngqo amagciwane e-influenza A kanye ne-B, okuyizinhlobo eziyinhloko ezibangela ukuqubuka komkhuhlane waminyaka yonke.

Umuthi uza ngesimo samaphilisi noma ukumiswa oketshezi okuthathwa ngomlomo. Kuyimithi enqunywe ngudokotela kuphela, okusho ukuthi kuzodingeka ubone udokotela wakho noma umhlinzeki wezempilo ukuze uyithole.

Okuthatha i-oseltamivir ngokukhethekile ukubaluleka yikhono layo lokusebenza ngokumelene nezinhlobo zombili zamagciwane omkhuhlane avame ukujikeleza minyaka yonke. Lokhu kusebenza okubanzi kuye kwakwenza kwaba ukwelashwa okuhamba phambili kubahlinzeki bezempilo ngesikhathi sonyaka womkhuhlane.

Yini i-Oseltamivir Esetshenziselwa Yona?

I-Oseltamivir isebenza ngezinhloso ezimbili eziyinhloko ekunakekelweni komkhuhlane. Okokuqala, iphatha izifo zomkhuhlane ezisebenzayo, futhi okwesibili, ingavimbela umkhuhlane ezimweni ezithile eziyingozi.

Uma usuvele ugula ngumkhuhlane, i-oseltamivir ingasiza ukunciphisa ukuthi uzizwa isikhathi esingakanani ungazizwa kahle. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi lunganciphisa isifo sakho cishe ngosuku olulodwa kuya kwamabili, okungenza umehluko okhulu uma ubhekene nomkhuhlane, ubuhlungu bomzimba, nokukhathala.

Ukuvimbela, udokotela wakho angase anqume i-oseltamivir uma uke wavezwa othile onomkhuhlane oqinisekisiwe, ikakhulukazi uma usengozini enkulu yezinkinga. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kokuvimbela kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-65, abesifazane abakhulelwe, noma labo abanezimo ezingapheli njenge-asthma noma isifo sikashukela.

Umuthi usebenza kahle kakhulu uma uqala kungakapheli amahora angama-48 kusukela ekuqaliseni kwezimpawu zokwelashwa, noma kungakapheli amahora angama-48 ngemuva kokuchayeka ukuze kuvinjelwe. Ngemuva kwaleli windi, kungase kusasebenza, kodwa imiphumela ngokuvamile ayibonakali kangako.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Oseltamivir?

I-Oseltamivir ithathwa njengomuthi olinganiselwe oqinile ovimbela amagciwane asebenza ngokugxambukela ekukwazini igciwane lomkhuhlane ukuzala nokusabalala. Ivimba ngokuqondile i-enzyme ebizwa nge-neuraminidase, okuyinto igciwane eliyidingayo ukuze likhululeke emangqamuzaneni anegciwane.

Lapho igciwane lomkhuhlane lingena emangqamuzaneni akho, liphindaphindeka ngokushesha bese lizama ukusabalala liye emangqamuzaneni aseduze anempilo. I-Oseltamivir empeleni ibamba izinhlayiya zegciwane elisha ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana asevele anegciwane, ivimbele ukuthi zingaqhubeki nokubangela umonakalo omkhulu.

Le ndlela ayibulali igciwane ngqo, kodwa yehlisa kakhulu inqubo yokutheleleka. Isistimu yakho yokuzivikela emzimbeni bese iba nesikhathi esiningi sokwenza impendulo esebenzayo futhi isuse igciwane emzimbeni wakho.

Umuthi ufinyelela emazingeni okuphulukisa egazini lakho kungakapheli amahora ambalwa ngemuva kokuwuthatha. Kodwa-ke, ungase ungazizwa ungcono ngokushesha, njengoba umzimba wakho usadinga isikhathi sokululama emonakalweni osele wenziwe yigciwane.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Oseltamivir?

Thatha i-oseltamivir ngendlela eqondile udokotela wakho ayalela ngayo, ngokuvamile kabili ngosuku izinsuku ezinhlanu lapho welapha umkhuhlane oqhubekayo. Ungayithatha ngaphandle kokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla, nakuba ukuyithatha nokudla noma ukudla okulula kungasiza ekunciphiseni isisu esibuhlungu.

Uma uthatha uhlobo lwe-capsule, luginye lonke ngengilazi yamanzi egcwele. Ungalichobozi, ulihlafune, noma uvule ama-capsules, ngoba lokhu kungathinta ukuthi umuthi usebenza kanjani.

Ukuze uthole ukumiswa oketshezi, nyakazisa ibhodlela kahle ngaphambi kwesilinganiso ngasinye bese usebenzisa idivayisi yokulinganisa eza nomuthi. Izipuni ezivamile zasendlini azinembile ngokwanele ukuze zilinganiswe kahle.

Zama ukuthatha imithamo yakho ngezikhathi ezihlukaniswe ngokulinganayo, njengayo yonke amahora ayi-12. Uma ngokuvamile udla ukudla ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile, ungase ukuthole kuwusizo ukuthatha i-oseltamivir ngesidlo sasekuseni nesidlo sakusihlwa ukuze umise umkhuba.

Qhubeka nokuthatha imithi isikhathi esiphelele esinqunyiwe, ngisho noma uqala ukuzizwa ungcono ngaphambi kokuthi uqede yonke imithamo. Ukuyeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungase kuvumele igciwane ukuthi libuye ngamandla.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Oseltamivir?

Ukuze welapha umkhuhlane oqhubekayo, inkambo ejwayelekile yizinsuku ezinhlanu zokulinganisa kabili ngosuku. Lesi sikhathi sifundwe ngokucophelela futhi kuboniswe ukuthi sinikeza ibhalansi engcono kakhulu yokusebenza kahle nokuphepha.

Uma usebenzisa i-oseltamivir ukuvimbela ngemva kokuchayeka, inkambo ejwayelekile yizinsuku eziyi-10 zokulinganisa kanye ngosuku. Lesi sikhathi eside sisiza ukuvikela ngesikhathi lapho kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ube nezimpawu uma wawungenwe yisifo.

Ezimweni ezikhethekile, njengasekuqubukeni komphakathi okusabalale kabanzi, udokotela wakho angase ancome izifundo zokuvimbela ezinde. Abasebenzi bezempilo noma abantu abasezindaweni zezikhungo ngezinye izikhathi badinga ukuvikelwa okwandisiwe.

Ungayeluli inkambo yakho yokwelashwa ngokwakho, ngisho noma usazizwa ungaphilile ngemva kokuqeda imithi. Uma izimpawu zakho ziqhubeka noma ziba zimbi, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze uxoxe ngokuthi ngabe ukwelashwa okwengeziwe kuyadingeka yini.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni ye-Oseltamivir?

Abantu abaningi bayayibekezelela i-oseltamivir kahle, kodwa njengayo yonke imithi, ingabangela imiphumela emibi. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi imiphumela emibi engathi sína ayivamile, futhi abantu abaningi bathola kuphela izimpawu ezithambile, zesikhashana.

Nawa amanye imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ongase uyithole:

• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukuqunjelwa noma izitulo ezixekile
• Ubuhlungu besisu noma ukungakhululeki
• Ikhanda
• Isiyezi

Lezi zimpawu zokugaya ngokuvamile zithuthuka phakathi nosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela imithi. Ukuthatha i-oseltamivir nokudla kuvame ukusiza ekunciphiseni isisu esicasulayo.

Imiphumela engavamile kodwa ekhathazayo ihlanganisa ukusabela komzimba ngaphandle, okungase kuvele njengokuqubuka kwesikhumba, ukuluma, noma ukuvuvukala kobuso, izindebe, noma ulimi. Uma uqaphela noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha.

Kube nemibiko engavamile yezinguquko zokuziphatha, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni nakubantu abasha, okuhlanganisa ukudideka, ukucabanga ngamaphupho, noma ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile. Nakuba lezi zenzakalo zingavamile kakhulu, zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha uma zenzeka.

Abanye abantu bakhathazeka ngokuthuthukisa ukumelana ne-oseltamivir, kodwa lokhu akuvamile kakhulu ngemithi ejwayelekile. Umuthi usasebenza kubantu abaningi abawudingayo.

Ubani Ongafanele Athathwe I-Oseltamivir?

I-Oseltamivir ngokuvamile iphephile kubantu abaningi, kodwa abanye abantu kufanele bayigweme noma bayisebenzise ngokucophelela okwengeziwe. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokukuyalela lo muthi.

Akufanele uthathe i-oseltamivir uma uke waba nokusabela okukhulu komzimba ngaphandle kuyo esikhathini esidlule. Izimpawu zokuphendula okunjalo zihlanganisa ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuqubuka okukhulu kwesikhumba, noma ukuvuvukala kobuso nomphimbo.

Abantu abanezifo ezinzima zezinso bangase badinge ukulungiswa komthamo, njengoba umuthi ngokuyinhloko ukhishwa ngezinso. Udokotela wakho angase ancome umthamo ophansi noma izikhawu ezinde phakathi kwemithamo uma ukusebenza kwezinso zakho kukhubazekile kakhulu.

Uma ukhulelwe noma uncelisa, xoxa ngezingozi nezinzuzo nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Nakuba izifundo zikhomba ukuthi i-oseltamivir ngokuvamile iphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, udokotela wakho uzofuna ukulinganisa izinzuzo ezingaba khona nezingozi ezingenzeka.

Izingane ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa ubudala ngokuvamile akufanele zithole i-oseltamivir ukuze zithole ukwelashwa, nakuba ingasetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ezinsaneni ezineminyaka emibili ubudala ezimweni eziyingozi.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Oseltamivir

Igama lomkhiqizo elaziwa kakhulu le-oseltamivir yi-Tamiflu, ekhiqizwa yi-Genentech. Lo mkhiqizo ubelokhu utholakala kabanzi selokhu imithi yaqala ukugunyazwa futhi usahlala uyindlela evame kakhulu yokunqunywa.

Izinhlobo ezivamile ze-oseltamivir nazo ziyatholakala kubakhiqizi abahlukahlukene. Lezi zinhlobo ezivamile ziqukethe isithako esifanayo esisebenzayo futhi zisebenza ngempumelelo njengenguqulo yegama lomkhiqizo.

Noma ngabe uthola i-Tamiflu yegama lomkhiqizo noma i-oseltamivir ejwayelekile ngokuvamile kuncike ekuhlinzekweni komshuwalense wakho nakuzintandokazi zekhemisi. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zisebenza ngokulinganayo ekwelapheni nasekuvikeleni umkhuhlane.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Oseltamivir

Eminye imithi eminingi elwa namagciwane ingelapha umkhuhlane, nakuba i-oseltamivir isahlala ingenye yezinketho ezivame kakhulu ukunqunywa. I-Zanamivir (Relenza) ingenye i-neuraminidase inhibitor esebenza ngendlela efana ne-oseltamivir.

Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi i-zanamivir iphefumulwa esikhundleni sokuthathwa ngomlomo, okwenza ingafaneleki kubantu abanezinkinga zokuphefumula njenge-asthma. Kodwa-ke, kungaba yindlela enhle uma ungenakukwazi ukubekezelela i-oseltamivir ngenxa yokucasuka kwesisu.

Imithi emisha elwa namagciwane efana ne-baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza) inikeza izindlela ezahlukene zokusebenza futhi ingadinga umthamo owodwa kuphela. Udokotela wakho angasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi iyiphi inketho engasebenza kangcono esimweni sakho esithile.

Ukuvimbela, umgomo womkhuhlane waminyaka yonke usahlala uyithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu. Ngenkathi i-oseltamivir ingasiza ngemva kokuchayeka, ukugonywa ngaphambi kwesizini yomkhuhlane kunikeza ukuvikelwa okubanzi nokuhlala isikhathi eside.

Ingabe i-Oseltamivir ingcono kune-Zanamivir?

Kokubili i-oseltamivir ne-zanamivir ziyizithiyo eziphumelelayo ze-neuraminidase, kodwa zinezinzuzo ezehlukene ngokuya ngesimo sakho. Inzuzo enkulu ye-Oseltamivir ukulula kwayo, njengoba iza ngamaphilisi alula ukuwathatha noma uketshezi.

I-Zanamivir idinga ukusebenzisa idivayisi ekhethekile yokuphefumula, okuthile abantu bakuthola kuyinselele, ikakhulukazi uma bezizwa begula. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi i-zanamivir iphefumulwa ngqo emaphashini, ingase ibangele imiphumela emibi emincane ehlobene nesisu.

Kubantu abaningi, i-oseltamivir iyindlela ekhethwayo ngoba kulula ukuyithatha futhi ifundwe kabanzi. Indlela yomlomo futhi yenza kube lula ezinganeni noma kubantu abanobunzima bokusebenzisa ama-inhaler.

Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izinto ezinjengobudala bakho, ezinye izimo zezokwelapha, kanye nekhono lokusebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zemithi lapho enquma ukuthi yikuphi ukulwa ngamagciwane okungase kusebenze kangcono kuwe.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Oseltamivir

Ingabe i-Oseltamivir iphephile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela?

Yebo, i-oseltamivir ngokuvamile iphephile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela. Umuthi awuthinti ngokuqondile amazinga kashukela egazini, ngakho ungaqhubeka nokuphatha kwakho okujwayelekile isifo sikashukela ngenkathi uwuthatha.

Kodwa-ke, ukugula ngomkhuhlane ngezinye izikhathi kungenza ukulawula ushukela wegazi kube yinselele enkulu. Qapha amazinga akho e-glucose kaningi ngenkathi ugula, futhi hlala uthintana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma uqaphela noma yiziphi izindlela ezingavamile.

Ngingenzani uma ngiphuthelwa ngithatha i-Oseltamivir eningi kakhulu?

Uma ngengozi uthatha i-oseltamivir eningi kunaleyo ebekiwe, ungangeni ekuqhumeni. Ukuthatha umthamo owengeziwe akunakwenzeka ukuthi kubangele ukulimala okukhulu, kodwa ungase uhlangabezane nemiphumela emibi enamandla njengokucasuka noma ukuhlanza.

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo noma usokhemisi ukuze uthole isiqondiso, ikakhulukazi uma uthathe okuningi kakhulu kunomthamo wakho obekiwe. Bangakwazi ukweluleka ukuthi ngabe udinga yini ukuqapha okukhethekile noma ukwelashwa.

Ngesilinganiso sakho esilandelayo esihleliwe, buyela esimisweni sakho esijwayelekile sokulinganisa. Ungazami "ukulungisa" umthamo owengeziwe ngokweqa olandelayo.

Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngeqe Umthamo We-Oseltamivir?

Uma weqa umthamo we-oseltamivir, yithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, ngaphandle uma sekuseduze isikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe. Kuleso simo, weqa umthamo oweqiwe bese uqhubeka nesimiso sakho esijwayelekile.

Ungathathi imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ulungise umthamo oweqiwe, ngoba lokhu kwandisa ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi ngaphandle kokuhlinzeka ngomvuzo owengeziwe.

Zama ukugcina isimiso esiqhubekayo ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba lokhu kusiza ukugcina amazinga aqhubekayo omuthi ohlelweni lwakho ukuze usebenze kahle.

Ngingayeka Nini Ukuthatha I-Oseltamivir?

Qedela inkambo ephelele ye-oseltamivir njengoba kunqunyiwe, ngisho noma uqala ukuzizwa ngcono ngaphambi kokuqeda yonke imithi. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa, lokhu ngokuvamile kusho ukuyithatha izinsuku eziyisihlanu ezigcwele.

Ukuyeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungase kuvumele igciwane ukuthi libuyele emuva, okungenzeka likwenze ugule futhi noma libe negalelo ekumelaneni ne-antiviral. Inkambo ephelele isiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igciwane licindezelwe ngokwanele.

Uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi engathi sína okwenza kube nzima ukuqhubeka nomuthi, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngaphambi kokuyeka. Bangakusiza ukuthi ulinganise izingozi nezinzuzo zokuqhubeka nokwelashwa.

Ngingayithatha I-Oseltamivir Neminye Imithi?

I-Oseltamivir inokuxhumana okumbalwa kwemithi, okuyenza iphephe ukuyithatha neminye imithi eminingi. Kodwa-ke, ngaso sonke isikhathi yazisa umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngayo yonke imithi, izithasiselo, nemikhiqizo yezitshalo oyithathayo.

Ngokuvamile ungaqhubeka nokuthatha imithi yakho ejwayelekile yezimo ezingapheli njengomfutho wegazi, isifo sikashukela, noma isifo senhliziyo ngenkathi usebenzisa i-oseltamivir. Umuthi womkhuhlane akufanele uphazamise lezi zindlela zokwelapha.

Uma usebenzisa imithi eminingi futhi ukhathazekile ngokusebenzisana, usokhemisi wakho uyinsiza enhle kakhulu yokuhlola ukuhambisana nokunikeza isiqondiso sokuhlela imithamo yakho.