Yini i-Palivizumab: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Palivizumab iyimithi ekhethekile esiza ukuvikela izingane eziyingozi enkulu ekuthelelekeni okukhulu kokuphefumula okubizwa nge-RSV (i-respiratory syncytial virus). Inikezwa njengomjovo wanyanga zonke ngesikhathi sonyaka we-RSV ezinganeni ezingakazalwa nezinsana ezinemibandela ethile yenhliziyo noma yamaphaphu.

Cabanga nge-palivizumab njengendlela yokuzivikela enikeza izingane ezisengozini ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe ku-RSV lapho amasistimu abo omzimba engakabi namandla ngokwanele. Le mithi isize izinkulungwane zemindeni ukugwema ukuvakashelwa esibhedlela okwesabekayo phakathi nalezo zinyanga zokuqala ezibucayi.

Yini i-Palivizumab?

I-Palivizumab iyisidakamizwa esenziwe elabhorethri esilingisa uhlelo lomzimba lokuzivikela emzimbeni wakho. Yenzelwe ngqo ukuhlasela nokungathathi hlangothi i-RSV ngaphambi kokuthi ibangele ukugula okukhulu ezinsaneni eziyingozi enkulu.

Ngokungafani nemithi yokugoma efundisa amasistimu akho omzimba ukulwa nezifo, i-palivizumab inikeza ama-antibody enziwe ngomumo aqaphela ngokushesha futhi avimbele i-RSV. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezinganeni ezingakazalwa ngoba amasistimu azo omzimba asathuthuka futhi angeke akwazi ukukhiqiza ama-antibody avikelayo ngokwanele.

Umuthi uza njengoketshezi olucacile olunikezwa ngomjovo emsipheni wethanga lengane yakho. Inikezwa njalo ngenyanga ngesikhathi sonyaka we-RSV, ngokuvamile oqala ngo-Okthoba kuya kuMashi ezindaweni eziningi.

Yini i-Palivizumab Esizokwenzelwa Yona?

I-Palivizumab ivimbela izifo ezinkulu ze-RSV ezinganeni ezisengozini enkulu yezinkinga ezinzima. Ayisetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-RSV uma ingane isivele inalesi sifo, kodwa kunalokho ukuyivimbela ukuthi ingenzeki ekuqaleni.

Udkt wakho ngokuvamile uzoncoma i-palivizumab uma ingane yakho yazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi (ngaphambi kwamasonto angu-35) noma inezimo ezithile zezokwelapha ezenza i-RSV ibe yingozi ngokukhethekile. Nawa amazwi ayinhloko lapho odokotela bechaza le mithi:

• Izingane ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi ezizalwe ngamasonto angama-29 noma ngaphambi kwawo (kuze kube yizinyanga eziyi-12 ngesikhathi sonyaka we-RSV)
• Izingane ezizalwe phakathi kwamasonto angama-29-32 ezineminyaka engaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisi-6 ekuqaleni kwesizini ye-RSV
• Izinsana ezinokugula kwamaphaphu okungapheli kokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ezazidinga ukwelashwa nge-oxygen
• Izinsana ezinokugula kwenhliziyo okuzalwa nakho okukhulu
• Izingane ezinzima ezinemithetho yokuzivikela komzimba
• Izinsana ezinemibandela ethile yofuzo ethinta imigudu yazo yomoya

Ngamunye walemibandela wenza kube nzima kakhulu ezinganeni ukulwa nezifo ze-RSV, yingakho ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe okuvela ku-palivizumab kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yazo nokuphepha kwazo.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Palivizumab?

I-Palivizumab isebenza ngokuvimbela i-RSV ukuthi ingangeni futhi ingatheleli amaseli amaphaphu engane yakho. Ithathwa njengemithi evikelayo enamandla ngokulinganisela enikeza ukuvikelwa okuqondiwe ezinye izifo ezithile.

Lapho i-RSV izama ukunamathela emangqamuzaneni emgudwini wokuphefumula wengane yakho, ama-antibody e-palivizumab asevele elapho elinde ukuzibophezela kuqala kwegciwane. Lokhu kuvimbela i-RSV ukuthi ingangeni emangqamuzaneni anempilo lapho ngokuvamile izokwanda futhi ibangele ukutheleleka.

Ukuvikelwa kuqala ukusebenza kungakapheli amahora okujova futhi kuvame ukuhlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-30, yingakho kudingeka imithamo yanyanga zonke ngesizini ye-RSV. Umzimba wengane yakho kancane kancane uchitha ama-antibody ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho ukujova njalo kugcina amazinga okuvikela egazini labo.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Palivizumab?

I-Palivizumab inikezwa kuphela ochwepheshe bezempilo ehhovisi likadokotela, emtholampilo, noma esibhedlela. Ngeke unikeze le mithi ekhaya, okusho ukuthi uzodinga ukuletha ingane yakho ekuqokweni kwanyanga zonke ngesizini ye-RSV.

Umjovo unikezwa emsipheni omkhulu wethanga lengane yakho kusetshenziswa inaliti encane. Iningi lezingane liyawamukela kahle umjovo, yize ezinye zingakhala ngesikhashana noma zibe nobuhlungu obuncane endaweni yokujova ngemva kwalokho.

Nakhu ongakulindela ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwakho:

1. Ingane yakho izokalwa ukuze kutholwe umthamo ofanele
2. Indawo yokujova izohlanjululwa ngotshwala
3. Umuthi ujovwa ngokushesha emsipheni wethanga
4. Uzolinda imizuzu engu-15-20 ukuze ubuke noma yiziphi izimo eziphuthumayo
5. Uzohlela ukuqokwa kwenyanga ezayo ngaphambi kokuhamba

Akukho ukulungiselela okukhethekile okudingekayo ngaphambi komjovo. Ingane yakho ingadla ngokujwayelekile futhi akudingeki igweme noma yikuphi ukudla noma imisebenzi. Umuthi usebenza kungakhathaliseki amashejuli okudla noma imikhuba yansuku zonke.

Kufanele Ngithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Palivizumab?

Iningi lezingane lithola i-palivizumab ngesizini eyodwa ye-RSV, okusho ukuthi imijovo engu-3-5 yanyanga zonke kuye ngokuthi ukwelashwa kuqala nini. Ubude obuqondile busekelwe ezingozini eziqondile zengane yakho kanye nokuthi isizini ye-RSV iqala nini endaweni yakho.

Udokotela wakho uzokwenza isimiso esiqondene nomuntu ngamunye esisekelwe osukwini lokuzalwa kwengane yakho, iminyaka yokukhulelwa ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, nezimo zezokwelapha. Isibonelo, ingane ezelwe ngoSepthemba ingase ithole imijovo kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya kuMashi, kuyilapho ingane ezelwe ngoJanuwari ingase idinge kuphela imithamo kaFebhuwari noMashi.

Ezinye izingane ezinemibandela eqhubekayo engozini enkulu zingase zidinge i-palivizumab ngesizini yesibili ye-RSV, kodwa lokhu akuvamile. Udokotela wakho wezingane uzobuyekeza izici eziyingozi zengane yakho minyaka yonke ukuze anqume ukuthi ukuqhubeka nokuvikelwa kuyadingeka yini.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni ye-Palivizumab?

Iningi lezingane liphatha i-palivizumab kahle kakhulu, nemiphumela emibi ngokuvamile iba milde futhi yesikhashana. Izimo ezivamile kakhulu zenzeka endaweni yokujova futhi zizixazulula zodwa phakathi nosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili.

Nansi imiphumela emibi ongase uyibone emahoreni noma ezinsukwini ngemuva komjovo:

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile (ethinta izingane eziningi):

• Ububomvu, ukuvuvukala, noma ukuba buhlungu endaweni yokujova
• Umkhuhlane olula (ngokuvamile ngaphansi kuka-101°F)
• Ukukhathala noma ukucasuka okwandayo
• Ushintsho lwesikhashana ezinqubweni zokulala
• Izimpawu ezilula ezinjengomkhuhlane ezifana nokukhala ngamakhala

Imiphumela emibi engavamile kodwa elawulekayo:

• Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba noma imihuzuko
• Ukukhwehlela noma ukuminyana
• Ukutheleleka kwendlebe (nakuba lokhu kungase kube yingozi)
• Ukuqunjelwa noma izinguquko ekuhambeni kwamathumbu
• Ukuncipha kwesifiso sokudla usuku noma ezimbili

Lezi zimpawu ezivamile ziyizimpawu zokuthi amasosha omzimba womntwana wakho ayasabela emuthini, okuyinto enhle ngempela. Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izimpawu ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Imiphumela emibi engavamile kodwa eyingozi edinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha:

• Ukungezwani komzimba okukhulu okunezinkinga zokuphefumula noma ukugwinya
• Ukuqubuka okukhulu nokuvuvukala kobuso, izindebe, noma ulimi
• Umkhuhlane ophezulu ngaphezu kuka-102°F ongayiphenduli imithi
• Ukozela okungavamile noma ubunzima bokuvusa umntwana wakho
• Ukuphalaza okukhulu noma izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni

Uma uqaphela noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ezinzima, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha noma funa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha eziphuthumayo. Ngenhlanhla, ukusabela okukhulu ku-palivizumab akuvamile, kwenzeka ngaphansi kuka-1% wezingane ezithola umuthi.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole I-Palivizumab?

I-Palivizumab iphephile kakhulu ezinganeni eziningi eziyingozi, kodwa kunezimo ezimbalwa lapho odokotela bengase balibazise noma bagweme ukunikeza lo muthi. Udokotela wezingane zakho uzobukeza ngokucophelela umlando wezokwelapha womntwana wakho ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa.

Isizathu esikhulu sokugwema i-palivizumab uma umntwana wakho wake waba nokusabela okukhulu kuyo esikhathini esidlule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela ngokuvamile bazolinda ukunikeza umjovo uma umntwana wakho egula njengamanje ngesifo esiphakathi nendawo noma esinzima.

Nazi izimo lapho udokotela wakho angase ashintshe khona uhlelo lokwelapha:

• Ukuphendula okukhulu komzimba ngaphambilini ku-palivizumab noma kunoma yiziphi izingxenye zayo
• Ukugula okusebenzayo okuphakathi noma okukhulu okuhambisana nomkhuhlane
• Ukuhlinzwa kwamuva noma inqubo yezokwelapha (isikhathi sincike kunqubo)
• Ukwelashwa kwamanje ngemikhiqizo ethile yegazi engase iphazamise
• Izifo ezinzima zokuphuma kwegazi ezenza imijovo ibe yingozi

Ukuba nomkhuhlane omncane noma umkhuhlane obuthakathaka ngokuvamile akuvimbeli ingane yakho ukuthi ithole i-palivizumab, kodwa udokotela wakho uzokwenza isinqumo sokugcina ngokusekelwe esimweni esiphelele sengane yakho. Umgomo uhlala ukuhlinzeka ngokuqapha ngenkathi ugcina ingane yakho ikhululekile ngangokunokwenzeka.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Palivizumab

I-Palivizumab yaziwa kakhulu ngegama layo lomkhiqizo elithi Synagis, elenziwa yi-AstraZeneca. Lolu uhlobo lokuqala futhi olusetshenziswa kakhulu lomuthi e-United States nakwamanye amazwe amaningi.

Ungase futhi uzwe abahlinzeki bezempilo bekhuluma ngayo kalula njenge- "RSV prophylaxis" noma "umuthi wokuvimbela i-RSV." Eminye imibhalo yezokwelapha noma amafomu omshwalense angase asebenzise igama elivamile elithi palivizumab, kodwa uma uhlela ama-aphoyintimenti noma ukhuluma nekhemisi lakho, i-Synagis igama ozohlangana nalo kaningi.

Njengamanje, i-Synagis iyona kuphela umkhiqizo we-palivizumab ovunyelwe yi-FDA otholakalayo e-United States, ngakho akudingeki ukhathazeke ngokukhetha phakathi kwemikhiqizo ehlukene noma amafomulashini.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Palivizumab

Kuze kube muva nje, i-palivizumab yayiwukuphela komuthi otholakalayo wokuvimbela i-RSV ezinganeni ezisengozini enkulu. Kodwa-ke, manje kunamanye amathuba amasha okuthi udokotela wakho angaxoxa ngawo, ngokuya ngesimo esithile sengane yakho.

Enye indlela enkulu i-nirsevimab (igama lomkhiqizo elithi Beyfortus), elavunywa ngo-2023. Lo muthi omusha usebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-palivizumab kodwa unikeza ezinye izinzuzo ezingaba khona, okuhlanganisa ukuvikelwa okuhlala isikhathi eside okungase kudingeke imijovo embalwa.

Nakhu ukuthi lezi zinketho ziqhathaniswa kanjani:

• I-Palivizumab (Synagis): Imithombo yanyanga zonke ngesikhathi sonyaka we-RSV, irekhodi eliqinile lokuphepha, ngqo lezingane eziyingozi enkulu
• I-Nirsevimab (Beyfortus): Ingase idinge imithamo embalwa, umuthi omusha onedatha encane yesikhathi eside, ukumboza okubanzi okungenzeka
• Umuthi wokugoma we-RSV womama: Unikezwa omama abakhulelwe ukuvikela izinsana, kodwa akufaneleki ezinganeni esezizalwe

Udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi iyiphi inketho enengqondo kakhulu ngesimo sezokwelapha sengane yakho, ubudala, nezici eziyingozi. Ukukhetha kuvame ukuncika esikhathini, ukutholakala, nezidingo zempilo zengane yakho.

Ingabe i-Palivizumab ingcono kune-Nirsevimab?

Kokubili i-palivizumab ne-nirsevimab zisebenza ekuvikeleni izifo ezinzima ze-RSV, kodwa zinezinzuzo ezihlukene ngokuya ngesimo sengane yakho. Akukho umuthi owodwa

Yebo, i-palivizumab incomelwa ngqo izingane ezinokugula okukhulu kwenhliziyo okuzalwa nakho ngoba zibhekene nezingozi eziphakeme kakhulu ezivela ezifweni ze-RSV. Lezi zingane zivame ukuba nokujikeleza kwegazi okungahambisani kahle noma amandla okuhogela umoya okwenza noma yisiphi isifo sokuphefumula sibe yingozi.

Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi izingane ezinokugula kwenhliziyo ezithola i-palivizumab ziba nokulaliswa esibhedlela okuncane kakhulu kanye nezinkinga ezinzima ezivela ku-RSV. Udokotela wakho wezingane we-cardiologist kanye nodokotela wezingane bazosebenzisana ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isikhathi kanye nomthamo kufaneleka esimweni senhliziyo yengane yakho.

Umjovo ngokwawo awuphazamisi imithi yenhliziyo noma ukwelashwa, futhi ukuvikeleka okuhlinzekayo kunganciphisa ukucindezeleka ohlelweni lwe-cardiovascular yengane yakho ngokuqeda izifo ezinzima zokuphefumula.

Ngingenzani uma ngiphuthelwa ngengozi umthamo we-Palivizumab?

Xhumana nehhovisi likadokotela wakho ngokushesha nje lapho uqaphela ukuthi uphuthelwe umjovo ohleliwe. Bazokusiza ukuthi unqume isikhathi esingcono somthamo olandelayo ngokusekelwe ekutheni isikhathi esingakanani esidlulile nokuthi ukuphi enkathini ye-RSV.

Uma usalele izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela, udokotela wakho cishe uzohlela umjovo ngokushesha okukhulu futhi aqhubeke neshejuli yanyanga zonke ejwayelekile. Uma sekudlule amasonto amaningana, bangase balungise isikhathi noma inani lemithamo esele ukuze baqinisekise ukuqhubeka nokuvikeleka.

Ungesabi uma uphuthelwa umthamo - umjovo owodwa ophuthelwe awuqedi konke ukuvikeleka, kodwa kubalulekile ukubuyela esimisweni ngokushesha. Ihhovisi likadokotela wakho liyaqonda ukuthi izingxabano zeshejuli ziyenzeka futhi lizosebenzisana nawe ukuze ugcine ukuvikeleka kwengane yakho kuyo yonke inkathi ye-RSV.

Ngingayeka nini ukunikeza i-Palivizumab?

Iningi lezingane liqeda uchungechunge lwazo lwe-palivizumab ekupheleni kwenkathi ye-RSV, evame ukuphela ngoMashi noma Ephreli kuye ngendawo yakho. Udokotela wakho uzokwazisa uma ingane yakho ithole umthamo wayo wokugcina ngesizini.

Isinqumo sokuyeka sincike ezintweni eziningana: ukuphela kwesizini ye-RSV endaweni yakho, iminyaka yengane yakho nokukhula kwayo, nokuthi ngabe izinto eziyingozi ezingaphansi kwazo zithuthukile yini. Iningi lezingane alidingi i-palivizumab ngaphandle kwesizini yazo yokuqala ye-RSV, ikakhulukazi uma zizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi manje zikhula kahle.

Ezinye izingane ezinemibandela eqhubekayo engapheli njengesifo senhliziyo esibi noma isifo samaphaphu esingapheli zingase zidinge ukuvikelwa isizini yesibili, kodwa lokhu kuhlaziywa ngesisekelo somuntu ngamunye. Udokotela wezingane zakho uzohlola izinga eliqhubekayo lengozi yengane yakho ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale isizini elandelayo ye-RSV.

Ingabe i-Palivizumab Inganikezwa Ngemithi Yokugoma Ehlukile?

Yebo, i-palivizumab inganikezwa ngesikhathi esifanayo nemithi yokugoma yengane yakho ejwayelekile yobuntwana. Njengoba i-palivizumab ingeyona umuthi wokugoma ngokwayo kodwa kunalokho i-antibody evikelayo, ayiphazamisi ukusabela komzimba wengane yakho kweminye imithi yokugoma.

Udokotela wakho angase ahlele isikhathi ukuze imijovo ye-palivizumab yenzeke ngesikhathi esifanayo nokuvakasha okuvamile kwemithi yokugoma, okungaba lula emndenini wakho. Kodwa-ke, umjovo ngamunye uzonikezwa endaweni ehlukile, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa amathanga aphambene.

Lokhu kuhlelelwa kungaba usizo ngempela ngoba kunciphisa inani eliphelele lokuvakasha kwezokwelapha ngonyaka wokuqala womsebenzi wengane yakho ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukuthi bathola konke ukuvikelwa okudingekayo ezifweni ezihlukahlukene.

Isebenza kangakanani i-Palivizumab ekuvikeleni i-RSV?

I-Palivizumab isebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvikeleni izifo ezinzima ze-RSV ezinganeni eziyingozi enkulu. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi lunciphisa ukulaliswa esibhedlela kwe-RSV ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-45-55% ezinganeni ezilikudingayo kakhulu, okumelela izinkulungwane zokuhlala esibhedlela ezigwenyiwe unyaka ngamunye.

Ngenkathi i-palivizumab ingavimbeli yonke i-RSV, inciphisa kakhulu ubunzima bezifo ezenzekayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma ngabe ingane yakho ithola i-RSV, mancane amathuba okuthi idinge ukulaliswa esibhedlela noma ukwelashwa okujulile.

Ukuvikelwa kuqinile kakhulu uma izingane zithola yonke imithamo yazo ehleliwe ngesikhathi sonyaka we-RSV. Ukweqa imithamo kunganciphisa ukusebenza kahle, yingakho ukuhambisana neshejuli yanyanga zonke kubaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni ukuvikelwa okuhle.