Yini iPegaptanib: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni Nokunye

I-Pegaptanib iyimithi yamehlo ekhethekile esiza ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa umbono kubantu abanezinkinga zokuguga ezihlobene ne-macular degeneration (AMD). Lesi simo senzeka lapho imithambo yegazi engavamile ikhula ngemuva kwe-retina, okubangela ukuvuza koketshezi nezinkinga zombono. I-Pegaptanib isebenza ngokuvimba iphrotheni ebizwa nge-VEGF ekhuthaza le mithambo yegazi eyingozi ukuthi ikhule, isize ukugcina umbono wakho ophakathi.

Yini iPegaptanib?

I-Pegaptanib iyimithi ejovwayo eyenzelwe ngqo ukwelapha i-macular degeneration ehlobene nokuguga. Ingaphansi kohlobo lwemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-ejenti e-anti-VEGF, okusho ukuthi ivimba i-vascular endothelial growth factor - iphrotheni ekhuthaza ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi.

Udokotela wakho ujova le mithi ngqo ku-vitreous gel ngaphakathi kweso lakho esebenzisa inaliti encane kakhulu. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-intravitreal injection, futhi ngenkathi ingase izwakale ikhathaza, empeleni ukwelashwa okuvamile kwabantu abangaphandle. Imithi ihlala isebenza esweni lakho amasonto amaningana, isebenza ngokuqhubekayo ukuvimbela ukukhula okwengeziwe kwemithambo yegazi nokuvuza koketshezi.

I-Pegaptanib yayingenye yemithi yokuqala ye-anti-VEGF eyavunywa ukwelapha i-AMD, nakuba izinketho ezintsha manje zisetshenziswa kakhulu. Yenzelwe ngqo ukugxila ohlotsheni olulodwa lwe-VEGF, okwenza kube ukwelashwa okukhethekile uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imithi ekulesi sigaba.

Isetshenziselwani iPegaptanib?

I-Pegaptanib isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukwelapha i-macular degeneration ehlobene nokuguga, isimo samehlo esibi esingabangela ukulahlekelwa umbono okusheshayo. Lolu hlobo lwe-AMD luthinta i-macula yakho, ingxenye emaphakathi ye-retina yakho enomthwalo wemfanelo wokubona okucacile, okuningiliziwe okudingekayo ekufundeni, ukushayela, nokubona ubuso.

Umuthi ukhonjiswe ngqo ku-neovascular AMD, okusho ukuthi imithambo emisha yegazi iyakhula lapho kungafanele khona. Le mithambo engajwayelekile ivuza uketshezi negazi, okubangela ukuvuvukala nokulimala okungalimaza unomphela umbono wakho ophakathi nendawo. I-Pegaptanib isiza ukunciphisa le nqubo ngokunciphisa izimpawu zokukhula ezikhuthaza le mithambo yegazi enezinkinga.

Ngenkathi i-pegaptanib ingasiza ukulondoloza umbono okhona futhi yehlise ukulahlekelwa umbono, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ngokuvamile ayibuyiseli umbono oselahlekile. Umgomo ukuzinza nokuvimbela ukwehla okuqhubekayo kunokuthuthukisa umbono wamanje.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Pegaptanib?

I-Pegaptanib isebenza ngokuvimba i-VEGF-165, iphrotheni ethile ekhomba umzimba wakho ukuthi ukhulise imithambo emisha yegazi. Emehlweni anempilo, le phrotheni isiza ukugcina ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwemithambo yegazi, kodwa ku-wet AMD, iba ngaphezu kwamandla futhi idale imithambo emisha eyingozi.

Cabanga nge-VEGF-165 njengomphathi wokwakha onikeza imiyalelo yokwakha imithambo yegazi lapho ingadingeki khona. I-Pegaptanib isebenza njengomphathi oqhamukayo ukuyeka leyo miyalelo yokwakha, ivimbela ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi evuzayo, engajwayelekile ngemuva kwe-retina yakho.

Lo muthi uthathwa njengosebenza kahle ngokulinganisela uma uqhathaniswa nemithi emisha ye-anti-VEGF. Ngenkathi inganciphisa ukulahlekelwa umbono kubantu abaningi, kungenzeka ingabi namandla njengokunye ukwelashwa okutholakalayo namuhla. Uchwepheshe wakho wamehlo uzocabangela isimo sakho esithile nomlando wezokwelapha lapho enquma ukuthi i-pegaptanib iyindlela efanele kuwe.

Imiphumela ye-pegaptanib yesikhashana, yingakho udinga imijovo ejwayelekile. Umuthi uyancipha kancane emehlweni akho emasontweni amaningana, ngakho-ke ukugcina ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokuvikela ekulahlekelweni umbono.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Pegaptanib?

I-Pegaptanib inikezwa kuphela ngudokotela wakho wamehlo ngokujova ngqo esweni lakho. Awukwazi ukuthatha lo muthi ekhaya, futhi idinga indawo yomtholampilo enezinto ezingcolisiwe ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwakho.

Ngaphambi kokujova kwakho, udokotela wakho uzohlanza indawo ezungeze iso lakho futhi angakunika amaconsi okwenza buthuntu ukuze anciphise ukungakhululeki. Ukujova kwangempela kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa nje, nakuba lonke i-aphoyintimenti lingathatha imizuzu engu-30-60 okuhlanganisa ukulungiselela nokuqapha ngemva kwalokho.

Akudingeki ukuthi uzile noma ugweme ukudla ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, kodwa kufanele uhlele ukuthi othile akuqhubele ekhaya ngemva kwalokho. Umbono wakho ungase ube mnyama okwesikhashana, futhi ungase ube nokuzwela okuthile ekukhanyeni amahora ambalwa ngemva kokujova.

Ngemva kokujova, udokotela wakho cishe uzoncoma ukusebenzisa amaconsi amehlo e-antibiotic izinsuku eziningana ukuvimbela ukutheleleka. Kufanele futhi ugweme ukukhuhla amehlo akho futhi uwagcine ehlanzekile futhi omile ngosuku lokuqala noma ezimbili.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Pegaptanib?

Ukwelashwa nge-Pegaptanib ngokuvamile kuhilela ukujova njalo njalo ngemva kwamasonto angu-6, futhi cishe uzodinga ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo uma nje unayo i-wet AMD esebenzayo. Lesi yisimo esingamahlala-khona esidinga ukuphathwa okuqhubekayo ukuze kulondolozwe izinzuzo zokwelashwa.

Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzoqapha impendulo yakho ekwelashweni ngokuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo kanye nokuhlolwa kwezithombe. Abanye abantu bangase babone ukuzinza kombono wabo ezinyangeni zokuqala, kanti abanye bangase badinge ukwelashwa okuningana ngaphambi kokubona ukuthuthuka.

Ubude bokwelashwa buhluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu. Abanye abantu bangase badinge ukujova kwe-pegaptanib iminyaka, kanti abanye bangase bashintshele ekwelashweni okuhlukile noma babe nokuthuthuka kwesifo okushintsha uhlelo lwabo lokwelashwa.

Kubalulekile ukuthi ungayeki ukwelashwa ngokuzumayo, ngisho noma umbono wakho ubonakala uzinzile. Isimo esibangela ukukhula okungajwayelekile kwemithambo yegazi sisakhona, futhi ukuyeka ukwelashwa kungaholela ekulahlekelweni ngokushesha kombono.

Ziyini Izimo Ezingezinhle Zokusebenzisa I-Pegaptanib?

Abantu abaningi bayakwazi ukumelana ne-pegaptanib kahle, kodwa njenganoma imiphi imithi, ingabangela imiphumela emibi. Ezivame kakhulu zihlobene nenqubo yokujova uqobo kunemithi.

Nawa amanye amanye imiphumela emibi ongase uyithole:

• Ubuhlungu emehlweni noma ukungakhululeki usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili ngemuva kokujova
• Umbono ongaboni kahle okwesikhashana noma ukuphazamiseka kombono
• Umuzwa wokuba nokuthile emehlweni akho
• Ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwezinyembezi
• Ukubomvu okuncane noma ukucasuka endaweni yokujova
• Amaphoyinti amancane antantayo embonweni wakho (ama-floaters)
• Ukuzwela ekukhanyeni amahora ambalwa ngemuva kokwelashwa

Le miphumela emibi ejwayelekile ivame ukuxazululwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa futhi ngokuvamile akuyona imbangela yokukhathazeka. Kodwa-ke, kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma ziqhubeka noma ziba zimbi.

Kukhona nemiphumela emibi ethile ebucayi kodwa engavamile edinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha. Ngenkathi lezi zinkinga zingavamile, kubalulekile ukuzazi:

• Ukutheleleka kwamehlo okukhulu (i-endophthalmitis)
• Ukwanda okukhulu kwengcindezi yamehlo
• Ukuhlukana kwe-retinal
• Ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kombono
• Ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo obukhulu emehlweni
• Ukuqala okuzumayo kwama-floaters amaningi amasha
• Izibani ezikhanyayo noma ukulahlekelwa umbono okufana nekhethini

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi lezi zimpawu ezibucayi, ikakhulukazi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemuva kokujova, xhumana nodokotela wakho wamehlo ngokushesha noma funa ukunakekelwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo.

Ubani Ongafanele Athathe I-Pegaptanib?

I-Pegaptanib ayifanele wonke umuntu, futhi udokotela wakho uzohlola ngokucophelela ukuthi iphephile yini kuwe. Abantu abanezimo ezithile zamehlo noma izifo akufanele bathole lokhu kwelashwa.

Akufanele uthole i-pegaptanib uma unesifo samehlo esisebenzayo noma ukuvuvukala emehlweni akho noma eduze kwawo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izimo ezinjengokuthi i-conjunctivitis, i-uveitis, noma noma yisiphi isifo samagciwane, igciwane, noma isikhunta esingelashwanga kahle.

Abantu abaziwa ukuthi banezinto ezingezwani ne-pegaptanib noma yiziphi izingxenye zayo kufanele bagweme lo muthi. Uma uke waba nokusabela komzimba kwezinye izidakamizwa ze-anti-VEGF, qiniseka ukuthi uxoxa ngalokhu nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa.

Ezinye izimo zamehlo zingenza i-pegaptanib ingafaneleki kangako noma zidinge izinyathelo zokuphepha ezikhethekile. Udokotela wakho uzodinga ukuhlola ukuthi ngabe uneglaucoma elibukhali, ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo kwakamuva, noma ezinye izinkinga ze-retinal ezingakhuphula ingozi yakho yezinkinga.

Uma ukhulelwe noma uncelisa, xoxa ngezingozi nezinzuzo nodokotela wakho. Ngenkathi kukhona imininingwane elinganiselwe ngemiphumela ye-pegaptanib ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, udokotela wakho uzokala izinzuzo ezingaba khona ngokumelene nanoma yiziphi izingozi ezingenzeka kuwe nomntwana wakho.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Pegaptanib

I-Pegaptanib ithengiswa ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi Macugen emazweni amaningi lapho itholakala khona. Leli igama eliyinhloko lezentengiso ozolibona emiyalweni kanye nemibhalo yezokwelapha.

Amanye amazwe angase abe namagama omkhiqizo ahlukene noma izinhlobo ezivamile ezitholakalayo, kodwa i-Macugen ihlala igama lomkhiqizo elaziwa kakhulu le-pegaptanib. Udokotela wakho noma usokhemisi angakwazi ukuqinisekisa igama lomkhiqizo elithile elisetshenziswa endaweni yakho.

Lapho nixoxa ngokwelashwa kwakho nabahlinzeki bezempilo, ungabhekisa emuthini wakho njenge-pegaptanib noma i-Macugen, futhi bazokuqonda ukuthi ukhuluma ngomuthi ofanayo.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Pegaptanib

Ezinye izidakamizwa eziningana ze-anti-VEGF ziyatholakala zokwelapha i-wet AMD, futhi eziningi manje zisetshenziswa kakhulu kune-pegaptanib. Udokotela wakho angase acabangele lezi ezinye izindlela ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zakho ezithile kanye nokuphendula kokwelashwa.

I-Ranibizumab (Lucentis) iyikhambi elisha elilwa ne-VEGF elivame ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kune-pegaptanib. Livimba izinhlobo eziningi ze-VEGF kunokuba libe yinye, okungenzeka ukuthi linikeze imiphumela engcono kubantu abaningi.

I-Bevacizumab (Avastin) enye inketho evame ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kwesitifiketi sokwelapha i-AMD. Nakuba lingavunyelwe ngokuqondile izimo zamehlo, odokotela abaningi bayalisebenzisa ngoba liyasebenza futhi lishibhile kunezinye izinketho.

I-Aflibercept (Eylea) iyikhambi elisha elivimba kokubili i-VEGF kanye nenye iphrotheni ebizwa nge-PlGF. Livame ukudinga imijovo embalwa kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha, okungaba lula kakhulu ezigulini.

Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzocabangela izinto ezinjengobunzima besifo sakho, umlando wokwelashwa, umshwalense, nezintandokazi zakho siqu lapho encoma inketho yokwelashwa engcono kakhulu kuwe.

Ingabe i-Pegaptanib ingcono kune-Ranibizumab?

I-Ranibizumab (Lucentis) ngokuvamile ithathwa njengephumelela kakhulu kune-pegaptanib ekwelapheni i-AMD emanzi. Izifundo zomtholampilo zikhombisile ukuthi i-ranibizumab ngokuvamile inikeza imiphumela engcono yokubona futhi maningi amathuba okuthi ithuthukise ukubona kunokumane ibambezele ukulahlekelwa ukubona.

Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi i-ranibizumab ivimba zonke izinhlobo ze-VEGF, kanti i-pegaptanib ivimba uhlobo olulodwa oluthile (VEGF-165). Lokhu kuvinjelwa okubanzi kuvame ukuhumusha emiphumeleni engcono yokwelashwa kubantu abaningi.

Noma kunjalo, i-pegaptanib ingase isafanele abanye abantu, ikakhulukazi labo abangazange basabele kahle kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha noma abanezimo ezithile zezokwelapha ezenza ezinye izinketho zingafaneleki. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela isimo sakho ngasinye lapho ekhetha phakathi kwale mithi.

Zombili le mithi inezimo zokuphepha ezifanayo, ngakho ukukhetha kuvame ukwehla emiphumeleni kanye nezinto ezilula njengokuphindaphinda komjovo kanye nokucatshangelwa kwezindleko.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Pegaptanib

Ingabe i-Pegaptanib iphephile ezigulini ezinomdlavuza?

Yebo, i-pegaptanib ngokuvamile iphephile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, kodwa udokotela wakho uzodinga ukukuhlola eduze. Isifo sikashukela singathinta imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wakho wonke, okuhlanganisa naleyo esemathweni akho, ngakho udokotela wakho wamehlo uzofuna ukubheka noma yiziphi izinguquko ku-diabetic retinopathy yakho.

Uma une-diabetic macular edema kanye ne-AMD, udokotela wakho angase adinge ukulungisa uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa. Ngezinye izikhathi abantu abanesifo sikashukela badinga imithi ehlukene noma ukwelashwa okuhlanganisiwe ukuze babhekane nezimo zombili ngempumelelo.

Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngiphuthelwa Ngengozi Umthamo We-Pegaptanib?

Uma uphuthelwa umjovo wakho we-pegaptanib ohleliwe, xhumana nehhovisi likadokotela wakho wamehlo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uhlele kabusha. Ungalindi kuze kube yilapho uqokwa kwakho okulandelayo okuvamile, njengoba izikhala ekwelashweni zingavumela isimo sakho ukuthi sibe sibi kakhulu.

Udokotela wakho cishe uzofuna ukukubona kungakapheli isonto elilodwa noma amabili kusukela ekuqokweni kwakho okungaphuthelwanga ukuze ahlulele isimo samehlo akho futhi anqume isikhathi esingcono kakhulu somjovo wakho olandelayo. Ukuphuthelwa umjovo owodwa ngokuvamile ngeke kubangele ukulimala unomphela, kodwa ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo kubalulekile ekugcineni umbono wakho.

Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngithola Imiphumela Emibi Engathi Sína?

Uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu obukhulu emehlweni, ukulahlekelwa umbono okungazelelwe, noma izimpawu zokutheleleka ngemva komjovo wakho we-pegaptanib, xhumana nodokotela wakho wamehlo ngokushesha noma funa ukunakekelwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibonise izinkinga ezingathi sína ezidinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo.

Gcina imininingwane yokuxhumana yezimo eziphuthumayo kadokotela wakho itholakala kalula, futhi unganqikazi ukushaya ucingo uma ukhathazekile nganoma yiziphi izimpawu. Ngaso sonke isikhathi kungcono ukuqapha uma kuziwa embonweni wakho nasezempilweni yamehlo akho.

Ngingayeka Nini Ukuthatha I-Pegaptanib?

Kufanele uyeke kuphela ukwelashwa nge-pegaptanib ngaphansi kwesiqondiso sikadokotela wakho. Noma ngabe umbono wakho ubonakala uzinzile, isimo esibangela ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi okungavamile sisakhona, futhi ukuyeka ukwelashwa kungaholela ekulahlekelweni umbono okusheshayo.

Udktela wakho uzohlola njalo isimo sakho ngezivivinyo zamehlo kanye nokuhlolwa kwemifanekiso. Uma i-AMD yakho ingasebenzi noma uma uba nezinkinga ezingenza ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo kungelulekile, bazoxoxa ngokuyeka noma ukushintsha uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha.

Ngingashayela ngemva kokuthola umjovo we-Pegaptanib?

Akufanele ushayele ngokushesha ngemva kokuthola umjovo we-pegaptanib. Amaconsi okubulala ubuhlungu kanye nomjovo ngokwawo kungathinta okwesikhashana umbono wakho, okwenza kungaphephile ukushayela amahora amaningi ngemva kwalokho.

Hlela ukuthi kube khona umuntu ozokuqhuba uye futhi ubuye ekuqokweni kwakho, noma lungiselela ezinye izindlela zokuthutha. Abantu abaningi bangakwazi ukuqhubeka nemisebenzi yabo ejwayelekile, okuhlanganisa nokushayela, ngosuku olulandelayo ngemva komjovo wabo uma imiphumela yokubona yesikhashana isixazululiwe.