Yini i-Phenobarbital (Indlela yokufaka ngemithambo yegazi): Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Phenobarbital yimithi eyingxenye yeqembu lezidakamizwa ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-barbiturates, asiza ukuthulisa ubuchopho kanye nohlelo lwezinzwa. Uma inikezwa nge-IV (indlela yokufaka ngemithambo yegazi), isebenza ngokushesha ukulawula ukuquleka futhi inikeze ukuthuliswa ezindaweni zasemtholampilo.

Le mithi isetshenziswe ngokuphepha amashumi eminyaka futhi isahlala ingenye yezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zezinhlobo ezithile zokuquleka kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha. Ukuqonda ukuthi isebenza kanjani nokuthi yini ongayilindela kungakusiza ukuthi uzizwe ulungile uma wena noma othandekayo wakho edinga lokhu kwelashwa.

Yini i-Phenobarbital?

I-Phenobarbital yimithi ye-barbiturate enciphisa umsebenzi ebuchosheni bakho kanye nohlelo lwakho oluphakathi nendawo. Ingenye yemithi endala yokuquleka esasetshenziswa namuhla, isetshenziswe ngokuphepha iminyaka engaphezu kwe-100.

Uma inikezwa nge-IV, imithi ingena ngqo emgudwini wakho wegazi, okuyivumela ukuthi isebenze ngokushesha kakhulu kunezibhebhe noma ezinye izinhlobo. Lokhu kuyenza ibaluleke kakhulu ezimweni eziphuthumayo lapho kudingeka khona isenzo esisheshayo.

Uhlobo lwe-IV luvame ukusetshenziswa emitholampilo, emagumbini eziphuthumayo, noma kwezinye izikhungo zezokwelapha lapho abahlinzeki bezempilo abaqeqeshiwe bengakugada khona eduze. Ithathwa njengento elawulwayo ngenxa yemiphumela yayo yokuthulisa, ngakho-ke itholakala kuphela ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwezokwelapha.

Isetshenziselwani i-Phenobarbital?

I-Phenobarbital ye-IV isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukumisa ukuquleka okungaphenduli eminye imithi noma okuqhubeka kwenzeka ngokuphindaphindiwe. Isetshenziswa futhi ukunikeza ukuthuliswa ngaphambi kwezinqubo ezithile zezokwelapha noma ukuhlinzwa.

Udokotela wakho angase ancome i-Phenobarbital ye-IV uma uhlangabezana nezimo eziningana ezithile zezokwelapha ezidinga ukungenelela ngokushesha:

• I-Status epilepticus (ukuquleka okuqhubekayo okuthatha imizuzu engaphezu kwemi-5)
• Amaqoqo okuquleka okukhulu angaphenduli eminye imithi
• Ukulawulwa kokuquleka okuphuthumayo lapho imithi yomlomo ingasebenzi
• Ukuqeda imizwa ngaphambi kwezinqubo ezithile zezokwelapha noma ukuhlinzwa
• Ukuquleka kokuhoxiswa kotshwala ezindaweni zasemtholampilo
• Ukwethuka okukhulu noma ukukhathazeka okudinga ukuthuliswa ngokushesha

Kwezinye izimo, odokotela bangase futhi basebenzise i-IV phenobarbital ezinsaneni ezinokuquleka, njengoba ivame ukubekezelelwa kahle ezigulini ezisencane kakhulu. Umuthi usebenza ngempumelelo ikakhulukazi ngoba usebenza ezindleleni eziningi ebuchosheni ukuvimbela umsebenzi wokuquleka.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Phenobarbital?

I-Phenobarbital isebenza ngokuthuthukisa imiphumela yekhemikhali yobuchopho yemvelo ebizwa nge-GABA (i-gamma-aminobutyric acid), esiza ukuthulisa umsebenzi wobuchopho. Cabanga nge-GABA njenge "pedal yamabhuleki" yobuchopho bakho yemvelo ehlalisa izinto uma ziba matasa kakhulu.

Lapho kuvela ukuquleka, umsebenzi kagesi ebuchosheni bakho uba nesiphithiphithi futhi ungalawuleki. I-Phenobarbital iqinisa ikhono lobuchopho bakho lokulawula lo msebenzi ngokwenza izimpawu zokuthulisa zibe namandla futhi zihlale isikhathi eside.

Lo muthi ubhekwa njengomuthi oqinile nothembekile wokuquleka. Usebenza ngempumelelo ikakhulukazi ngoba usebenza ezinhlotsheni eziningi zamareceptor obuchopho, okumnika imiphumela ebanzi yokulwa nokuquleka. Ifomu le-IV livame ukuqala ukusebenza kungakapheli imizuzu eyi-15-30 yokuphathwa.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Phenobarbital?

I-IV phenobarbital ihlale inikezwa ochwepheshe bezempilo abaqeqeshiwe endaweni yezokwelapha. Ngeke kudingeke ukhathazeke ngokuthatha lo muthi ngokwakho, njengoba idinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela nemishini ye-IV efanele.

Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizofaka ishubhu elincane elibizwa nge-IV catheter emthanjeni, ngokuvamile engalweni yakho noma esandleni sakho. Umuthi bese ufakwa kancane ngale shubhu ngqo egazini lakho.

Ngesikhathi sokuphathwa, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizobheka ngokucophelela ukuphefumula kwakho, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, nomfutho wegazi. Bangase banikeze umuthi kancane kancane emizuzwini embalwa ukunciphisa ubungozi bemiphumela emibi futhi baqinisekise ukuthi umzimba wakho uyawuthola kahle.

Akudingeki ukuthi udle noma uphuze noma yini ethile ngaphambi kokuthola i-IV phenobarbital. Eqinisweni, uma unezithuthwane ezisebenzayo, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lingase lithande ukuthi ungadlanga muva nje ukunciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Phenobarbital?

Ubude bokwelashwa nge-IV phenobarbital buqondana ngokuphelele nesimo sakho sezokwelapha esithile nokuthi usabela kanjani kahle emuthini. Ezimweni eziphuthumayo, ungase uyithole kanye kuphela noma amahora ambalwa.

Nge-status epilepticus noma amaqoqo ezithuthwane ezinzima, ukwelashwa kuvame ukuqhubeka kuze kube yilapho izithuthwane zakho zilawulwa futhi isimo sakho sizinzile. Lokhu kungase kube noma yikuphi kusuka emahoreni ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, kuye ngempendulo yakho.

Uma i-IV phenobarbital ilawula ngempumelelo izithuthwane zakho, udokotela wakho angase akuqhubekisele emithini yokulwa nezithuthwane yomlomo ukuze kulawulwe isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuguquka kuvame ukwenzeka kancane kancane ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulawulwa okuqhubekayo kwezithuthwane.

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokwenza zonke izinqumo mayelana nobude obusekelwe emisebenzini yakho yezithuthwane, impilo yonke, nokuthi usabela kanjani kahle ekwelashweni. Bazoqhubeka nokuhlola ukuthi usadinga yini umuthi noma ngabe kuphephile yini ukuwunciphisa noma ukuwuyeka.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Emibi Ye-Phenobarbital?

I-IV phenobarbital ingabangela imiphumela emibi, nakuba abantu abaningi beyithola kahle uma inikezwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwezokwelapha. Imiphumela evame kakhulu ihlobene nezakhiwo zokuthulisa zomuthi.

Nawa imiphumela emibi ongase uyithole kakhulu, ukhumbula ukuthi ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokubheka eduze:

• Ukozela noma ukuzola (okuvamile kakhulu futhi okulindelekile)
• Isiyezi noma ukuzizwa ungaqinile
• Ukudideka noma ukuzizwa "kunesithuli"
• Ukuphefumula okuhamba kancane (kuqashwe ngokucophelela ithimba lakho lezokwelapha)
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi
• Isicanucanu noma isisu esibuhlungu
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ukucasuka noma izinguquko zemizwa

Le miphumela evamile ivamise ukuthuthuka njengoba umuthi ususuka emzimbeni wakho. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lilindele lezi zimo futhi linesimiso sokuziphatha ukuze zisingathwe ngokuphepha.

Ngenkathi kungavamile, kunemiphumela emibi ethile edinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha, nakuba ukhumbule ukuthi uzobe usendaweni yezokwelapha:

• Ukuphefumula okuhamba kancane kakhulu noma okunzima
• Ukwehla okukhulu komfutho wegazi
• Ukungezwani komzimba okukhulu (ukuqubuka, ukuvuvukala, ubunzima bokuphefumula)
• Ushintsho olungavamile esigqi senhliziyo
• Ukudideka okukhulu noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi ngaphandle kokuzola okulindelekile

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha liqhubeka nokubheka le miphumela emibi kakhulu futhi lilungele ukusabela ngokushesha uma kwenzeka. Imvelo yezokwelapha elawulwayo inciphisa kakhulu izingozi ezihambisana nalezi zinkinga ezingaba khona.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole I-Phenobarbital?

Abantu abathile akufanele bathole i-phenobarbital ye-IV, noma bangase badinge izinyathelo zokuphepha ezikhethekile uma benza kanjalo. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizobuyekeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokunikeza lo muthi.

Udokotela wakho uzoba nokuqapha okukhethekile mayelana nokukunikeza i-phenobarbital uma unesinye salezi zimo:

• Izinkinga ezinkulu zokuphefumula noma ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula
• Ukungezwani komzimba okwaziwayo ne-phenobarbital noma ezinye izidakamizwa ze-barbiturates
• Isifo sesibindi esibi noma ukwehluleka kwesibindi
• I-porphyria ekhona ngezikhathi ezithile (isimo esingavamile sezakhi zofuzo)
• Isifo sezinso esibi
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo ezinkulu noma umfutho wegazi ophansi kakhulu
• Umlando wokulutheka kwezidakamizwa noma utshwala (nakuba lokhu kungavimbeli ukusetshenziswa njalo)

Uma ukhulelwe noma uncelisa, udokotela wakho uzoqhathanisa izinzuzo nezingozi ezingase zibe khona. Ezimweni zokuthuthumela okusongela impilo, izinzuzo zivame ukwedlula izingozi, kodwa lesi sinqumo sidinga ukwahlulela okucophelelayo kwezokwelapha.

Abantu abadala bangase bazwe kalula imiphumela ye-phenobarbital futhi bangase badinge imithamo ephansi noma ukuqapha okujulile. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizolungisa indlela yalo ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yakho kanye nesimo sempilo yakho esiphelele.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Phenobarbital

I-Phenobarbital iyatholakala ngaphansi kwamagama amaningi omkhiqizo, nakuba ifomu elivamile lisetshenziswa kakhulu ezilungiselelweni zasemtholampilo. Umuthi ngokwawo usebenza ngendlela efanayo kungakhathaliseki igama lomkhiqizo.

Amanye amagama omkhiqizo ongase uhlangane nawo afaka i-Luminal, nakuba izibhedlela eziningi zisebenzisa inguqulo ejwayelekile ebizwa ngokuthi "phenobarbital." Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokutshela ngokuqondile ukuthi iyiphi inguqulo oyitholayo, nakuba imiphumela nezidingo zokuqapha zihlala zinjalo.

Ezimweni eziphuthumayo, umkhiqizo othile awubalulekile kangako kunokuthola ukulawulwa kokuthuthumela ngokushesha. Abahlinzeki bakho bezempilo bazosebenzisa noma iyiphi ifomu elitholakala kalula futhi elifanele isimo sakho.

Ezinye Izindlela ze-Phenobarbital

Eminye imithi eminingi ingasetshenziswa esikhundleni se-phenobarbital ye-IV noma ngasohlangothini lwayo ukuze kulawulwe ukuthuthumela. Udokotela wakho ukhetha inketho engcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwakho oluthile lokuthuthumela kanye nesimo sakho sezokwelapha.

Ezinye izindlela ezivamile zokulawula ukuthuthumela eziphuthumayo zifaka i-lorazepam (Ativan), i-diazepam (Valium), noma i-levetiracetam (Keppra). Ngayinye inezinzuzo ezihlukene futhi ingase isebenze kangcono ezinhlotsheni ezithile zokuthuthumela noma izimo zesiguli.

Ukuze kulawulwe ukuthuthumela kwesikhathi eside, imithi yomlomo efana ne-lamotrigine, i-carbamazepine, noma i-valproic acid ingase ibe izinketho ezingcono. Lezi azidingi ukuphathwa kwe-IV futhi zingathathwa ekhaya uma isimo sakho esibukhali sesixazululiwe.

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizoxoxa ngohlelo olungcono kakhulu lokwelashwa kwesikhathi eside nawe uma isimo sakho esiphuthumayo sokuhlaselwa siqediwe. Umgomo ukuthola umuthi osebenzayo kakhulu onemiphumela emincane emibi esimweni sakho esithile.

Ingabe i-Phenobarbital ingcono kune-Lorazepam?

Kokubili i-phenobarbital ne-lorazepam ziyimithi ephumelelayo yokuhlaselwa, kodwa zisebenza ngezindlela ezihlukene futhi zinezinzuzo ezihlukene. Ukukhetha okungcono kuncike esimweni sakho sezokwelapha esithile kanye nohlobo lokuhlaselwa okuhlangenwe nakho.

I-Lorazepam ngokuvamile isebenza ngokushesha (ngaphakathi kwemizuzu engu-2-5) kodwa ayihlali isikhathi eside emzimbeni wakho. Ivame ukusetshenziswa njengokwelashwa kokuqala kokumisa ukuhlaselwa okukhulu ngenxa yokuqala kwayo okusheshayo.

I-Phenobarbital ithatha isikhathi eside ukusebenza (imizuzu engu-15-30) kodwa inikeza ukulawulwa kokuhlaselwa okuhlala isikhathi eside. Ivame ukusetshenziswa lapho i-lorazepam ingasebenzanga noma lapho kudingeka ukulawulwa kokuhlaselwa isikhathi eside.

Odokotela abaningi basebenzisa le mithi ngokuhlanganiswa, beqala nge-lorazepam ukuze kulawulwe ukuhlaselwa ngokushesha bese benezela i-phenobarbital ukuze kulawulwe isikhathi eside. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokhetha indlela okungenzeka ukuthi isebenze kahle esimweni sakho esithile.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Phenobarbital

Ingabe i-Phenobarbital iphephile ezigulini ezinokugula kwenhliziyo?

I-Phenobarbital ingasetshenziswa kubantu abanokugula kwenhliziyo, kodwa idinga ukuqapha okwengeziwe nokuqapha. Umuthi unganciphisa umfutho wegazi futhi unciphise izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, okungase kuthinte abantu abanezimo ezithile zenhliziyo.

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizohlola ngokucophelela impilo yakho yenhliziyo ngaphambi kokunikeza i-phenobarbital. Bazoqapha umfutho wegazi lakho nesigqi senhliziyo ngokuqinile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi inhliziyo yakho iyisingatha kahle imithi.

Uma unesifo senhliziyo esibi kakhulu noma umfutho wegazi ophansi kakhulu, udokotela wakho angase akhethe omunye umuthi noma asebenzise umthamo ophansi we-phenobarbital. Isinqumo sincike ekulinganiseni izidingo zokulawulwa kokuhlaselwa nokuphepha kwenhliziyo.

Ngingenzani Uma Ngithola I-Phenobarbital Eningi Ngengozi?

Njengoba i-phenobarbital ye-IV inikezwa kuphela ochwepheshe bezokwelapha ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukweqisa ngengozi akuvamile. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha libala ngokucophelela umthamo wakho futhi likuqapha ngokuqhubekayo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Uma kunikezwa i-phenobarbital eningi kakhulu, okukhathaza kakhulu ukuthula ngokweqile nokuphefumula okuhamba kancane. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha liqeqeshwe ukubona lezi zimpawu ngokushesha futhi linemithi etholakalayo yokulwa nemiphumela.

Ukwelashwa kokweqisa kwe-phenobarbital kungabandakanya ukunakekelwa okusekelayo njengokusizwa ekuphefumuleni, uketshezi lwe-IV ukugcina umfutho wegazi, kanye namalahle asebenzayo kwezinye izimo. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizothatha isinyathelo ngokushesha uma lisola noma iyiphi iphutha lokulinganisa.

Ngingenzani Uma Ngiphuthelwa Umthamo We-Phenobarbital?

Lo mbuzo awusebenzi ku-phenobarbital ye-IV njengoba inikezwa kuphela ochwepheshe bezempilo ezindaweni zezokwelapha. Ngeke ube nesibopho sokuhlela noma ukuziphatha imithamo ngokwakho.

Uma ekugcineni ushintshela ku-phenobarbital yomlomo ukuze ulawule ukuhlaselwa isikhathi eside, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo ethile mayelana nemithamo ephuthelwe. Ngokuvamile, uzothatha umthamo ophuthelwe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, ngaphandle uma useduze nomthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe.

Nge-phenobarbital yomlomo, ungalokothi uphinde imithamo ukuze ulungise leyo ephuthelwe, ngoba lokhu kungaba yingozi. Njalo xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma ungaqiniseki ngalokho okufanele ukwenze ngemithamo ephuthelwe yanoma imuphi umuthi wokuhlaselwa.

Ngingayeka Nini Ukuthatha I-Phenobarbital?

Isinqumo sokuyeka i-phenobarbital ye-IV sincike ekulawuleni kwakho ukuhlaselwa kanye nesimo sakho sezokwelapha esiphelele. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokwenza lesi sinqumo ngokusekelwe ezintweni eziningana okuhlanganisa ukuthi ukuhlaselwa kwakho kulawulwa kahle kangakanani nokuthi usabela kanjani ekwelashweni.

Abantu abaningi bathola i-IV phenobarbital okwesikhashana nje ngesikhathi senkinga yezokwelapha. Uma ukuquleka kwakho kulawulwa futhi isimo sakho sizinzile, udokotela wakho angase akuqhubekisele emithini yomlomo noma anciphise umthamo kancane kancane.

Ungayeki i-phenobarbital ngokuzumayo, ngoba lokhu kungase kubangele ukuquleka okubuyayo. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokwenza uhlelo oluvikelekile lokunciphisa umthamo uma udinga ukuyeka umuthi, liqinisekisa ukuvikelwa okuqhubekayo ekuqulekeni kuyo yonke inqubo.

Ngingashayela ngemva kokuthola i-IV Phenobarbital?

Akufanele ushayele okungenani amahora angu-24-48 ngemva kokuthola i-IV phenobarbital, futhi kungenzeka isikhathi eside kuye ngokuthi usabela kanjani emuthini. Imiphumela yokuthulisa ingaqhubeka ngisho nangemva kokuzwa uqaphile, ithinta isikhathi sakho sokusabela nokwahlulela.

Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza isiqondiso esiqondile sokuthi kuphephile nini ukuqhubeka nokushayela ngokuya ngesimo sakho. Lesi sinqumo sincike ezintweni ezinjengomthamo owutholile, ukuthi umzimba wakho uyawuhlukanisa ngokushesha kangakanani umuthi, nokuthi ululama kanjani.

Uma uqala ukuthatha umuthi wokuquleka wesikhathi eside, udokotela wakho uzophinde axoxe ngemikhawulo yokushayela ehlobene nesimo sakho sokuquleka. Amazwe amaningi anemithetho ethile mayelana nokushayela ngemva kokuquleka, kungakhathaliseki ukusetshenziswa komuthi.