Yini i-Phenylephrine (Indlela Yokungenisa Ngemithambo): Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni Nokunye

I-Phenylephrine intravenous iyimithi ekhuphula umfutho wegazi ngokuqinisa imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wakho wonke. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ezindaweni zasemtholampilo lapho umfutho wakho wegazi wehla ngendlela eyingozi ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa noma ukugula okubucayi. Le mithi enamandla isebenza ngokushesha ngemithambo yakho ukusiza ukubuyisela ukugeleza kwegazi okuvamile ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile zomzimba njengenhliziyo yakho, ubuchopho, nezinso.

Yini i-Phenylephrine (Indlela Yokungenisa Ngemithambo)?

I-Phenylephrine intravenous iyimithi yokwenziwa elingisa i-hormone yemvelo ebizwa ngokuthi i-norepinephrine emzimbeni wakho. Ingowodwa ohlwini lwemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-alpha-1 adrenergic agonists, okusho ukuthi isebenzisa ama-receptors athile emithanjeni yakho yegazi. Lapho la ma-receptors esetshenzisiwe, abangela ukuthi imisipha ebushelelezi ezindongeni zemithambo yakho yegazi iqine, okwenza imithambo inciphe futhi ikhuphule umfutho wegazi.

Le mithi ihluke kakhulu ku-phenylephrine etholakala kuma-decongestants ekhala angathengwa ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela. Ifomu le-intravenous linamandla kakhulu futhi lisebenza kuwo wonke umjikelezo wakho wegazi. Yenzelwe izimo eziphuthumayo lapho ukulungiswa komfutho wegazi okusheshayo kubalulekile ekusindeni.

Abahlinzeki bezempilo babheka lokhu njenge-vasopressor enamandla, okusho ukuthi yenzelwe ngokuqondile ukunciphisa imithambo yegazi nokukhuphula umfutho wegazi. Imiphumela ngokuvamile iqala ngemizuzu yokungeniswa futhi ingalawulwa ngokucophelela ngokulungisa izinga lokungenisa.

Isetshenziselwani i-Phenylephrine (Indlela Yokungenisa Ngemithambo)?

I-Phenylephrine intravenous isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophansi kakhulu (hypotension) ovela ngesikhathi sezinqubo zezokwelapha noma izifo ezingathi sína. Isimo esivame kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa komgogodla noma i-epidural anesthesia, lapho imithi ivimba amasignali emizwa avamela ukusiza ukugcina umfutho wegazi.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, umfutho wegazi lakho ungase wehle ngenxa yemiphumela ye-anesthesia, ukulahlekelwa igazi, noma izinguquko endaweni yomzimba. Lo muthi usiza ukugcina ukuhamba kwegazi okwanele ezingxenyeni zomzimba wakho ngenkathi amaqembu odokotela ebhekana nesizathu esiyinhloko. Isebenza ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwe-cesarean, lapho ukugcina umfutho wegazi kamama kubalulekile kokubili kumama nengane.

Lo muthi usetshenziswa futhi emayunithi okunakekelwa okukhulu ezigulini ezihlangabezana nokushaqeka okusabalalisayo. Lesi simo senzeka lapho imithambo yegazi iba nkulu ngokungavamile ngenxa yokutheleleka okukhulu, ukusabela komzimba okungalungile, noma ezinye izimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha. Ngokunciphisa le mithambo, i-phenylephrine isiza ukubuyisela ukujikeleza okujwayelekile.

Ngokuvamile, odokotela bangase basebenzise lo muthi ukwelapha izinkinga ezithile zesigqi senhliziyo noma ukusekela umfutho wegazi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuxilonga. Kodwa-ke, lezi zindlela zokusebenzisa ngokuvamile zigcinelwe izimo ezithile zomtholampilo lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingafaneleki.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Phenylephrine (Indlela Yemithambo)

I-Phenylephrine isebenza ngokubopha kuma-alpha-1 adrenergic receptors atholakala emisipheni ebushelelezi yezindonga zemithambo yegazi. Cabanga ngalezi zitholi njengamashintshi alawula ukuthi imithambo yakho yegazi iqine kangakanani noma iphumule kangakanani. Lapho i-phenylephrine isebenzisa lawa mashintshi, ibangela ukuthi imicu yemisipha ihlehle, okwenza imithambo inciphe.

Lo mphumela wokunciphisa, obizwa ngokuthi i-vasoconstriction, wenyusa ukumelana negazi elihlangabezana nalo njengoba ligeleza ohlelweni lwakho lokujikeleza. Lapho ukumelana kwanda, umfutho wegazi lakho uyenyuka, uqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhamba kwegazi okwanele kufinyelela ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile. Lo muthi usebenza ikakhulukazi emithanjeni nasemithanjeni emincane, okuyimithambo yegazi emincane enethonya elikhulu kumfutho wegazi.

Imiphumela ishesha kakhulu, ngokuvamile iqala phakathi komzuzu owodwa kuya kwemibili ngemuva kokunikezwa ngemithambo. Lokhu kwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle ezimweni eziphuthumayo lapho kudingeka khona ukusekelwa kwengcindezi yegazi ngokushesha. Imiphumela yomuthi nayo ihlala isikhathi esifushane, ihlala imizuzu engaba ngu-15-20, okwenza abahlinzeki bezempilo bakwazi ukwenza izinguquko ezinembile.

Ngokungafani neminye imithi yengcindezi yegazi, i-phenylephrine inemiphumela emincane esezingeni lokushaya kwenhliziyo noma amandla okushaya kwenhliziyo. Lesi senzo esikhethekile senza kube usizo ikakhulukazi lapho odokotela bedinga ukukhuphula ingcindezi yegazi ngaphandle kokuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwenhliziyo.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Phenylephrine (Indlela Yemithambo)?

I-Phenylephrine intravenous inikezwa kuphela ochwepheshe bezempilo abaqeqeshiwe ezibhedlela noma ezindaweni zemitholampilo. Awukwazi ukuthatha lo muthi ekhaya, njengoba kudinga ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kanye nokulinganisa okunembile ngokufinyelela ngemithambo.

Umuthi ngokuvamile unikezwa ngomugqa ozinikele wemithambo, ngokuvamile emthanjeni omkhulu njengalowo osezandleni zakho noma esandleni sakho. Ezimweni eziphuthumayo, kungase kunikezwe nge-catheter ye-venous emaphakathi, okuyishubhu ekhethekile efakwa emthanjeni omkhulu oseduze nenhliziyo yakho. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi umuthi ufika ngokushesha nangempumelelo emgombeni wakho wegazi.

Abahlinzeki bezempilo bazoqhubeka nokuqapha ingcindezi yakho yegazi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, kanye namazinga omoya-mpilo ngenkathi uthola lo muthi. Bazolungisa izinga lokumnika ngokuya ngempendulo yomzimba wakho kanye nesimo esithile sezokwelapha. Umgomo uwukugcina ingcindezi yakho yegazi ngaphakathi kwebanga eliphephile ngenkathi ugwema ukwanda okukhulu okungase kubangele izinkinga.

Inqubo yokuphatha ihlanganisa ukunciphisa isixazululo se-phenylephrine esigxilile ngamanzi ahlanzekile ngaphambi kokufakwa. Lokhu kunciphisa kuqinisekisa ukulethwa okuphephile nokulawulwayo. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizobheka nendawo yokufakwa ngemithambo ukuze libone noma yiziphi izimpawu zokucasuka noma ukungena, okwenzeka lapho imithi ichitheka ezicutshini eziqashile.

Ngingayithatha isikhathi esingakanani i-Phenylephrine (Indlela yokufakwa ngemithambo)?

Ubude bokwelashwa nge-phenylephrine buqondene ngokuphelele nesimo sakho sezokwelapha nokuthi umzimba wakho usabela kanjani emuthini. Ezimweni eziningi, njengangesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, ungase uyithole amahora ambalwa nje kuze kube yilapho imbangela eyinhloko yokwehla kwegazi isixazululiwe.

Ngezindlela zokuhlinzwa, imithi ivamise ukuqaliswa lapho umfutho wegazi wehla futhi iqhubeke kuze kube yilapho imiphumela ye-anesthesia iphela noma inqubo yokuhlinzwa isiqediwe. Lokhu kungahluka kusukela kumaminithi angama-30 kuya emahoreni ambalwa, kuye ngobunzima bokuhlinzwa nokusabela kwakho ngakunye.

Ezimweni zokunakekelwa okukhulu, ubude bokwelashwa bungahluka kakhulu. Ezinye iziguli zingase zidinge ukusekelwa izinsuku eziningana ngenkathi isimo sazo esiyisisekelo sithuthuka. Kodwa-ke, abahlinzeki bezempilo ngokuvamile bahlose ukusebenzisa umthamo ophumelelayo ophansi isikhathi esifushane ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela emibi engaba khona.

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokwehlisa kancane umthamo womuthi kunokuwuyeka kungazelelwe. Le nqubo yokunciphisa ivumela umzimba wakho ukuthi ulungise futhi isiza ekuvikeleni ukwehla okungazelelwe komfutho wegazi. Inqubo yokuyeka ngokuvamile yenzeka emahoreni ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, kuye ngesimo sakho nokuzinza kwakho.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Emibi ye-Phenylephrine (Indlela yokufakwa ngemithambo)?

Ngenkathi i-phenylephrine ivame ukubekezelelwa kahle uma isetshenziswa ngendlela efanele, ingabangela imiphumela emibi ehlukahlukene ngenxa yemiphumela yayo enamandla emithanjeni yegazi. Ukuqonda lezi zindlela ezingaba khona kungakusiza ukuthi uxhumane nganoma yiziphi izinkathazo nethimba lakho lezempilo.

Imiphumela eseceleni evame kakhulu ongase uyithole ihlobene nemiphumela yokunciphisa imithambo yegazi yomuthi:

• Ukuqaqamba kwekhanda, okwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi imithambo yegazi ekhanda lakho incipha okwesikhashana
• Ukuzizwa ukhathazekile noma ungakhululekile njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi
• Isicanucanu noma ukuphatheka kabi kwesisu, ikakhulukazi uma ukuhamba kwegazi ezingxenyeni zokugaya ukudla kuthinteka
• Isikhumba esibandayo noma esiphaphathekile, ikakhulukazi ezandleni zakho nasezinyaweni, ngenxa yokuncipha kokugeleza kwegazi ezingxenyeni zomzimba
• Ubunzima bokulala noma ukuzizwa unovalo, nakuba lokhu kuvamile kakhulu uma kusetshenziswa emithanjeni

Le miphumela evamile ivame ukunyamalala ngokushesha uma umuthi uyekwa noma umthamo uncishiswa.

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu ingenzeka, ikakhulukazi ngemithamo ephezulu noma ezigulini ezinemibandela ethile yezokwelapha:

• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu kakhulu (i-hypertension) ongaholela ekushayweni unhlangothi noma ezinkingeni zenhliziyo
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane (i-bradycardia) njengoba umzimba wakho uzama ukubuyisela umfutho wegazi okhuphukile
• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ubunzima bokuphefumula uma umfutho wegazi ukhuphuka ngokushesha kakhulu
• Izinkinga zezinso ngenxa yokuncipha kokugeleza kwegazi ezinso
• Umonakalo wezicubu endaweni yokujova uma umuthi uvuza ezicutshini eziqhamukayo

Izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezingaba yingozi zihlanganisa ukusabela okukhulu komzimba, nakuba lokhu kungavamile. Ithimba lakho lezempilo liqapha le miphumela ngokuqhubekayo futhi lingashintsha ngokushesha ukwelashwa uma kuvela izinkinga.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole i-Phenylephrine (Indlela Yokujova Emithanjeni)?

Izimo eziningana zezokwelapha nezimo zidinga ukuqapha okukhethekile noma zingavimbela ukusetshenziswa kwe-phenylephrine intravenous. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizobuyekeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuphatha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha.

Akufanele uthole i-phenylephrine uma unezimo ezithile zenhliziyo ezingase zibe zimbi ngokwanda komfutho wegazi:

• Isifo esibi semithambo yenhliziyo noma ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kwakamuva, njengoba ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi kungase kuqhubekisele phambili inhliziyo yakho
• Izinkinga ezinkulu zamavalvu enhliziyo, ikakhulukazi i-aortic stenosis, lapho ukwanda kwengcindezi kungaba yingozi
• Ezinye izigqi zenhliziyo ezingajwayelekile ezingase zibe zimbi kakhulu ngemithi
• Umgomo wegazi ophezulu kakhulu okunzima ukuwulawula ngeminye imithi

Ezinye izimo ezidinga ukuqapha okukhulu zihlanganisa isifo esibi semithambo yegazi eseceleni, lapho ukuncipha okuqhubekayo kwemithambo yegazi kungase kubangele ukulimala kwezicubu.

Ukukhulelwa kudinga ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile, nakuba i-phenylephrine ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwesigaba uma izinzuzo zidlula izingozi. Ithimba lakho labazali lizocabangela ngokucophelela isinqumo esisekelwe esimweni sakho esithile nempilo yengane yakho.

Iziguli ezinomdlavuza, isifo sezinso, noma izinkinga zesibindi zingase zidinge ukulungiswa komthamo noma ukuqapha okwengeziwe. Lezi zimo zingathinta indlela umzimba wakho oyiqeda ngayo imithi futhi zingase zikhuphule ingozi yezinkinga.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Phenylephrine

I-Phenylephrine intravenous itholakala ngaphansi kwamagama amaningana omkhiqizo, nakuba izibhedlela eziningi zisebenzisa izinguqulo ezivamile. Igama elivame kakhulu lomkhiqizo yi-Neo-Synephrine, esetshenziswe ezindaweni zezokwelapha amashumi eminyaka.

Amanye amagama omkhiqizo afaka i-Vazculep kanye nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezivamile eziqulathe isithako esifanayo esisebenzayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umkhiqizo othile, zonke izinguqulo zisebenza ngendlela efanayo futhi zinomphumela ofanayo emgomeni wegazi nasemithanjeni yegazi.

Ukugxila nokupakisha kungase kuhluke phakathi kwabakhiqizi, kodwa abahlinzeki bezempilo baqeqeshwe ukusebenzisa noma iyiphi inguqulo evunyelwe ngokuphepha. Izibhedlela eziningi zinezimiso zokunciphisa nokunikeza imithi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umkhiqizo othile uyatholakala.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-phenylephrine engena ngemithambo yegazi yehlukile ngokuphelele kuma-decongestants asekhala angaphandle kwekhawunta aqukethe isithako esifanayo esisebenzayo. Ifomula yasesibhedlela igxilile kakhulu futhi yenzelwe imiphumela yesistimu kunokuba kube lula ukukhathala kwamakhala endawo.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Phenylephrine

Imithi eminingi ehlukile ingasetshenziswa ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophansi, futhi ithimba lakho lezempilo lizokhetha inketho efanele kakhulu ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho sezokwelapha esithile. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zinezindlela ezahlukene zokusebenza kanye namaphrofayili emiphumela emibi.

I-Norepinephrine ivame ukuthathwa njengokwelashwa kokuqala komfutho wegazi ophansi kakhulu ezigulini ezigulayo kakhulu. Isebenza kuzo zombili izamukeli ze-alpha ne-beta, inikeza ukuvinjelwa kwemithambo yegazi ngenkathi futhi isekela ukusebenza kwenhliziyo. Lesi senzo esiphindwe kabili senza ukuthi sibe wusizo ikakhulu ezigulini ezinanezinkinga zenhliziyo.

I-Epinephrine enye indlela enamandla ethinta izinhlobo eziningi zamamukeli. Ivame ukusetshenziswa ezimweni eziphuthumayo njengokungezwani komzimba okukhulu noma ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela yayo emazingeni enhliziyo nesigqi yenza ingafaneleki ezigulini ezithile.

I-Dopamine ingasetshenziswa ngemithamo ephezulu ukuze kwandiswe umfutho wegazi, nakuba inemiphumela eyinkimbinkimbi ezinhlelweni ezihlukene zezitho zomzimba. Ngemithamo ephansi, ithinta ikakhulukazi ukusebenza kwezinso, kuyilapho imithamo ephezulu inikeza ukuvinjelwa kwemithambo yegazi okufana ne-phenylephrine.

I-Vasopressin isebenza ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele ngokuthinta ukugcinwa kwamanzi kanye nethoni yemithambo yegazi. Ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziswa ngokuhlangana neminye imithi noma lapho ukwelashwa kwendabuko kungasebenzi.

Ingabe i-Phenylephrine Ingcono Kune-Norepinephrine?

Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-phenylephrine ne-norepinephrine kuncike esimweni sakho sezokwelapha esithile kanye nembangela eyisisekelo yomfutho wegazi ophansi. Akukho muthi owodwa ovamile ukuthi “ungcono” kunomunye, njengoba ngamunye unezinzuzo ezihlukile ezimweni ezihlukene.

I-Phenylephrine ivame ivame ukukhethwa uma udinga ukusekelwa komfutho wegazi ngaphandle kokuthinta kakhulu izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo noma ukusebenza kwemisipha yenhliziyo. Lokhu kuyenza ibe wusizo ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa komgogodla, lapho inkinga eyinhloko iwukwanda kwemithambo yegazi kunokungasebenzi kahle kwenhliziyo.

I-Norepinephrine ngokuvamile ikhethwa ezigulini ezigulayo kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lezo ezine-sepsis noma ezinye izimo ezithinta izinhlelo eziningi zezitho. Ikhono layo lokusekela kokubili ithoni yomthambo wegazi nokusebenza kwenhliziyo kuyenza iguquguquke ezimweni zezokwelapha eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ucwaningo lwakamuva luphakamisa ukuthi i-norepinephrine ingase isebenze kahle ezinhlotsheni ezithile zokushaqeka, ikakhulukazi ukushaqeka kwe-septic. Kodwa-ke, i-phenylephrine isahlala iyindlela ekhethwayo yokwehla komfutho wegazi okuhlobene nokuhlinzwa kanye nezimo ezithile zokuhlinzwa.

Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizocabangela izinto ezinjengokusebenza kwenhliziyo yakho, impilo yezinso, kanye nembangela ethile yomfutho wegazi ophansi lapho likhetha phakathi kwale mithi. Bangase futhi bashintshe phakathi kwemithi ehlukene ngokuya ngendlela umzimba wakho osabela ngayo ekwelashweni.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Phenylephrine (Indlela Yokungenisa Ngemithambo)

Q1. Ingabe i-Phenylephrine iphephile Kwabesifazane Abakhulelwe?

I-Phenylephrine ingasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa lapho izinzuzo zidlula izingozi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwe-cesarean. Umuthi uyawela i-placenta, kodwa ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi ngokuvamile uphephile kunokuvumela umfutho wegazi ophansi ongathi sína ukuthi uqhubeke ngesikhathi sokubeletha.

Ithimba lakho le-obstetric lizogada ngokucophelela kokubili umfutho wegazi lakho kanye nezinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yengane yakho ngesikhathi sokuphathwa. Bazosebenzisa umthamo ophansi osebenzayo futhi bangase bakhethe eminye imithi uma ukukhulelwa kwakho kunezinkinga ezithile ezandisa izingozi.

Q2. Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngithola i-Phenylephrine eningi ngengozi?

Uma uthola i-phenylephrine eningi kakhulu, ithimba lakho lezempilo lizobona ngokushesha izimpawu ngokusebenzisa ukuqapha okuqhubekayo. Izimpawu zokweqisa zihlanganisa umfutho wegazi ophezulu kakhulu, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo elihamba kancane, kanye nezinguquko eziyingozi emsebenzini wezitho zomzimba.

Ukwelashwa kokweqisa kuhlanganisa ukuyeka ngokushesha imithi nokuhlinzeka ngokunakekelwa okusekelayo. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lingase linikeze imithi yokulwa nemiphumela futhi lizoqapha izimpawu zakho ezibalulekile ngokucophelela kuze kube yilapho imiphumela yomuthi iphela, okwenzeka ngokuvamile phakathi kwemizuzu engu-15-20.

Q3. Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngingaphuthelwa Umthamo We-Phenylephrine?

Njengoba i-phenylephrine intravenous inikezwa ngokuqhubekayo ochwepheshe bezempilo, akukho ukukhathazeka mayelana nokulahlekelwa imithamo ngomqondo wendabuko. Umuthi unikezwa njenge-infusion eqhubekayo, futhi ithimba lakho lezokwelapha liqapha futhi lilungise izinga njengoba kudingeka.

Uma i-infusion iphazamiseka ngengozi, abahlinzeki bakho bezempilo bazoyiqala kabusha ngokushesha futhi baqaphe umfutho wakho wegazi ngokucophelela. Bangase badinge ukulungisa umthamo ngokuya ngokuthi umzimba wakho usabela kanjani ekuphazamisekeni kwesikhashana.

Q4. Ngingayeka Nini Ukuthatha I-Phenylephrine?

Isinqumo sokuyeka i-phenylephrine sincike esimweni sakho sezokwelapha esingaphansi kanye nokuthi umfutho wakho wegazi uzinzile kangakanani. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizokwehlisa kancane umthamo kunokuthi liwuyeke ngokuphazima kweso ukuvimbela ukwehla komfutho wegazi okungazelelwe.

Ezineziguli eziqhutshwa ngemisebenzi, imithi ivamise ukuyekiswa lapho imiphumela ye-anesthesia iphela futhi umfutho wakho wegazi uzinzile ngokwemvelo. Ezimweni zokunakekelwa okukhulu, ukuyeka kungathatha izinsuku eziningana njengoba isimo sakho esingaphansi sithuthuka.

Q5. Ingabe I-Phenylephrine Ingabangela Imiphumela Emibi Yesikhathi Eside?

Uma isetshenziswa ngendlela efanele isikhathi esifushane, i-phenylephrine ayivamile ukubangela imiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside. Imiphumela yomuthi yesikhashana futhi ivamise ukunyama ngokuphelele uma ukwelashwa kuyeka. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside ngemithamo ephezulu kungase kuthinte ukusebenza kwezinso noma kubangele ukulimala kwezicubu.

Ithimba lakho lezempilo liqapha noma yiziphi izimpawu zezinkinga ngesikhathi sokwelashwa futhi lilungisa ukwelashwa ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi. Iziguli eziningi azitholi miphumela ehlala njalo evela ekwelashweni nge-phenylephrine uma isetshenziswa ngaphansi kokuqondiswa okufanele kwezokwelapha.