Yini i-Pilocarpine: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Pilocarpine iyimithi kadokotela esiza umzimba wakho ukukhiqiza amathe nezinyembezi ezengeziwe uma izimo ezithile zibangela umlomo owomile noma amehlo omile. Ilusizo ikakhulukazi kubantu abezindlala zabo zamathe ezingasebenzi kahle ngenxa yokwelashwa kwezokwelapha noma izimo ze-autoimmune.

Le mithi isebenza ngokuvuselela ama-receptor athile emzimbeni wakho alawula ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi. Cabanga ngayo njengokunikeza amasistimu akho emvelo akhiqiza umswakama ukukhuthaza okuncane uma edinga usizo olwengeziwe.

Yini i-Pilocarpine?

I-Pilocarpine iyi-cholinergic agonist elingisa umyalezo wamakhemikhali wemvelo emzimbeni wakho obizwa nge-acetylcholine. Ingowodwa ohlwini lwemithi olubizwa ngokuthi i-parasympathomimetics, okusho ukuthi ivula uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa oluthi "ukuphumula nokugaya" lomzimba.

Le mithi ivela emaqabungeni esitshalo saseNingizimu Melika esibizwa nge-Pilocarpus jaborandi. Ososayensi basebenzise le nhlanganisela yemvelo isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka, ekuqaleni njengamaconsi esweni okwelapha i-glaucoma.

Uma ithathwa njengamaphilisi omlomo, i-pilocarpine ihamba ngegazi lakho futhi ibophele kuma-muscarinic receptors emzimbeni wakho wonke. Lawa ma-receptor atholakala kakhulu ezinjaleni zakho zamathe nasemigudwini yezinyembezi, yingakho le mithi isebenza kahle kangaka ekwelapheni ukomisa.

Yini i-Pilocarpine Esetshenziselwa Yona?

I-Pilocarpine iphatha umlomo owomile (i-xerostomia) namehlo omile abangelwa ukwelashwa ngemisebe noma i-Sjögren's syndrome. Lezi zimo zingenza ukudla, ukugwinya, nokukhuluma kungakhululeki kakhulu.

Isizathu esivame kakhulu sokuthi odokotela banikeze i-pilocarpine ngabantu abagulayo ngumdlavuza abathole ukwelashwa ngemisebe ekhanda nasentanyeni yabo. Le misebe ingalimaza izindlala zamathe, ishiye iziguli ezinemilomo eyomile engathuthuki yodwa.

Isifo iSjögren simele enye indlela yokusebenzisa le mithi. Lesi simo sokuzivikela emzimbeni sibangela ukuthi amasosha akho omzimba ahlasela amaglandla akhiqiza amathe nezinyembezi, okuholela ekomeni okuqhubekayo okungathinta kakhulu impilo yansuku zonke.

Ngokuvamile, odokotela bangase babhale i-pilocarpine ngomlomo owomile obangelwa imithi ethile noma izimo zezokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile igcinelwe amacala lapho ukoma kunzima futhi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingazange zinikeze ukukhululeka okwanele.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Pilocarpine?

I-Pilocarpine isebenza ngokuvuselela ngokuqondile ama-muscarinic receptors kuma-glandla akho e-salivary ne-tear. Lapho la ma-receptors esebenza, aqala uchungechunge lwezenzakalo zamaselula ezigcina ziholela ekwandeni kokukhiqizwa kwamanzi.

Le mithi ithathwa njengemaphakathi ngamandla ayo. Ayinikezi nje kuphela ukukhululeka kwesikhashana njengemikhiqizo yokwenziwa yamathe - empeleni ivuselela amaglandla omzimba wakho ukuthi akhiqize izimfihlo zemvelo ezengeziwe.

Le nqubo iqala kungakapheli imizuzu engama-20 ngemva kokuthatha ithebhulethi. Amaglandla akho e-salivary aqala ukukhiqiza amathe engeziwe, okungaqhubeka amahora amaningana. Indlela efanayo yenzeka emithanjeni yakho yezinyembezi, okusiza ukukhulula amehlo omile.

Okuthatha i-pilocarpine ngempumelelo ikakhulukazi ukuthi isebenza ngisho nalapho amaglandla akho elimele. Uma nje kusele ezinye izicubu zeglandla ezisebenzayo, imithi ingavame ukuyenga ukuthi ikhiqize umswakama omningi kunalokho obungokwemvelo.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Pilocarpine?

Thatha i-pilocarpine ngendlela eqondile udokotela wakho ayichazayo, ngokuvamile kathathu ngosuku ngokudla. Ukuyithatha nokudla kusiza ukunciphisa isisu esicasulayo futhi kwenza imithi ibe lula ukuyibekezelela.

Gwinya ithebhulethi yonke ngengilazi yamanzi egcwele. Ungagxobi, uhlafune, noma uphule ithebhulethi, ngoba lokhu kungathinta indlela imithi emuncwa ngayo futhi kungase kwandise imiphumela emibi.

Kungcono ukuthatha i-pilocarpine ngezikhathi ezifanayo nsuku zonke ukuze ugcine amazinga aqhubekayo emzimbeni wakho. Abantu abaningi bakuthola kuwusizo ukuthatha imithamo nge-breakfast, i-lunch, kanye ne-dinner ukuze basungule umkhuba.

Qiniseka ukuthi unamanzi ngaphambi nangemva kokuthatha i-pilocarpine. Umuthi usebenza ngokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi, ngakho ukuthatha amanzi anele kusekela ukusebenza kwawo futhi kusiza ekuvikeleni ukoma.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Pilocarpine?

Ubude bokwelashwa nge-pilocarpine buhlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngesimo sakho esiyisisekelo nokuthi usabela kanjani emuthini. Abanye abantu bayayidinga izinyanga ezimbalwa nje, kanti abanye bangase badinge ukwelashwa isikhathi eside.

Ngemlomo owomile obangelwa imisebe, ukwelashwa kungase kuthathe noma yikuphi kusukela ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kuze kube phakade. Amagland amathe akho angase alulame kancane kancane umsebenzi ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, okukuvumela ukuthi unciphise noma uyeke umuthi ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela wakho.

Abantu abanesifo i-Sjögren's syndrome bavame ukudinga ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo ngoba lesi yisimo esingamahlala-khona. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho uzohlola njalo ukuthi umuthi usahlinzeka ngenzuzo eyanele ukuze kulungiswe ukuqhubeka kokusetshenziswa.

Ungayeki ukuthatha i-pilocarpine ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho. Nakuba ingakhi umkhuba, izimpawu zakho zomlomo owomile cishe zizobuya ngokushesha uma uyeka umuthi.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni ye-Pilocarpine?

I-Pilocarpine ingabangela imiphumela emibi ngoba ithinta ama-muscarinic receptors emzimbeni wakho wonke, hhayi nje emaglands akho amathe. Ukuqonda le miphumela engaba khona kungakusiza ukwazi ukuthi yini ongayilindela nokuthi ungaxhumana nini nodokotela wakho.

Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ngokuvamile ithambile futhi ivame ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi:

• Ukujuluka okukhulu, ikakhulukazi ebunzini lakho nasezintendeni zezandla zakho
• Ukucasuka noma ukungakhululeki kwesisu
• Ukhwehlela noma ukuminyana emakhaleni
• Ukuvama ukuchama
• Ukuphuma isifo sohudo noma izitulo ezithambile
• Isiyezi noma ukukhathala
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ukubomvu noma ukuzwa ukushisa

Le miphumela ejwayelekile yenzeka ngoba i-pilocarpine ivuselela ama-receptors afanayo atholakala ematheni akho, ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla, nezinye izitho. Nakuba kungakhululeki, ngokuvamile kulawuleka futhi kuvame ukuncipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu kodwa engavamile idinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha:

• Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula noma ukukhwehlela
• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu noma ukuhlanza okuqhubekayo
• Izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni naphezu kokwanda kokuthatha uketshezi
• Ukudideka noma izinguquko zengqondo
• Isiyezi esikhulu noma ukuquleka

Le miphumela emibi ayivamile kodwa ingenzeka uma imithi ithinta uhlelo lwakho lokuphefumula noma lwe-cardiovascular ngamandla kakhulu. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Abanye abantu bangase babe nemiphumela emibi engavamile noma engavamile, okuhlanganisa ukuphazamiseka okubonakalayo, ukuthuthumela kwemisipha, noma izinguquko zemizwa. Nakuba lokhu kungavamile, kubalulekile ukubika noma yiziphi izimpawu ezikhathazayo kumhlinzeki wakho wezempilo.

Ubani Ongafanele Athatha I-Pilocarpine?

Abantu abathile kufanele bagweme i-pilocarpine ngoba ingenza izimo zezokwelapha ezikhona zibe zimbi noma ihlangane ngendlela eyingozi nesimo sabo sempilo. Udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokukuyala lo muthi.

Abantu abanezimo ezinjalo akufanele bathathe i-pilocarpine:

• Isifuba esingalawuleki noma izinkinga ezinkulu zokuphefumula
• I-glaucoma ye-narrow-angle
• Isifo senhliziyo esibi noma ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kwamuva
• Isifo esibucayi se-peptic ulcer
• Isifo sesibindi esibi
• Amathambo ezinso noma ukuvinjelwa komchamo
• Ukungezwani okwaziwayo ne-pilocarpine

Lezi zimo zingaba yingozi uma zihlanganiswe ne-pilocarpine ngoba umuthi ungenza izinkinga zokuphefumula zibe zimbi, ukwandisa ingcindezi yamehlo, noma kubangele ezinye izinkinga ezinzima.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abanezimo ezithile ezithile badinga ukuqapha okwengeziwe nokuqapha okuseduze. Lokhu kufaka phakathi labo abane-asthma elula, izimo zenhliziyo ezilawulwayo, isifo se-gallbladder, noma umlando wamatshe ezinso.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisayo kufanele baxoxe ngezingozi nezinzuzo nodokotela wabo, njengoba ukuphepha kwe-pilocarpine ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungaqinisekiswanga ngokugcwele. Umuthi ungadlulela obisini lwebele, okungenzeka ukuthi uthinte izinsana ezincelisayo.

Amagama e-Brand ye-Pilocarpine

I-Pilocarpine itholakala ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi Salagen e-United States. Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-pilocarpine yomlomo olusetshenziselwa ukwelapha umlomo owomile namehlo omile.

Izinhlobo ze-generic ze-pilocarpine nazo ziyatholakala futhi zisebenza ngendlela efanayo nenguqulo yegama lomkhiqizo. Ikhemisi lakho lingashintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo i-generic ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ecela ngokuqondile igama lomkhiqizo.

Kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-pilocarpine iyatholakala njengamaconsi amehlo ngaphansi kwamagama ahlukene omkhiqizo afana ne-Isopto Carpine. Kodwa-ke, lezi zisetshenziselwa ngokuqondile ukwelashwa kwe-glaucoma futhi azishintshani namathebulethi omlomo asetshenziselwa umlomo owomile.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Pilocarpine

Ezinye izindlela eziningana ziyatholakala uma i-pilocarpine ingakulungele noma inganikezi ukukhululeka okwanele. Ukukhetha kuncike esimweni sakho esithile nokubekezelelana kwemithi ehlukene.

I-Cevimeline (igama lomkhiqizo elithi Evoxac) iyindlela efana kakhulu ne-pilocarpine. Isebenza ngendlela efanayo kodwa ingase ibangele imiphumela emibi embalwa kwabanye abantu, ikakhulukazi ukujuluka okuncane nokucasuka.

Ezimweni ezilula zomlomo owomile, udokotela wakho angase ancome izinketho ezingathengwa ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela kuqala. Lokhu kuhlanganisa imikhiqizo yamathe okwenziwe, izihlanzi zomlomo ezikhethekile, noma ama-gum angenashukela nama-lozenge avuselela ukukhiqizwa kwamathe emvelo.

Abanye abantu bayazuza ekushintsheni indlela yokuphila okuhlanganiswe nezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukusebenzisa i-humidifier, ukuhlala unamanzi kahle, ukugwema utshwala ne-caffeine, nokuzijwayeza inhlanzeko yomlomo enhle.

Ezimweni ezinzima lapho imithi ingasebenzi, udokotela wakho angase axoxe ngezinketho ezinye ezifana namadivayisi okukhuthaza amagland amathe noma ngisho nezinqubo zokuhlinzwa ukusiza ukubuyisela umswakama.

Ingabe i-Pilocarpine ingcono kune-Cevimeline?

Kokubili i-pilocarpine ne-cevimeline ziyasebenza ekwelapheni umlomo owomile, kodwa zinezici ezihlukile kancane ezenza enye ifaneleke kakhulu kunenye kubantu abathile.

I-Pilocarpine isitholakala isikhathi eside futhi inophenyo oluningi olusekela ukusetshenziswa kwayo. Ivame ukubhekwa njengokwelashwa kokuqala komugqa womlomo owomile obangelwa ukwelashwa ngemisebe noma i-Sjögren's syndrome.

I-Cevimeline ingase ibangele imiphumela emibi embalwa, ikakhulukazi ukujuluka okuncane nokuphazamiseka kwesisu. Abanye abantu abangakwazi ukubekezelela i-pilocarpine bathola i-cevimeline ikhululekile ukuyithatha isikhathi eside.

Ukuphumelela kwemithi yomibili kuvamile ukufana, nakuba izimpendulo zomuntu ngamunye zingahluka. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izimpawu zakho ezithile, umlando wezokwelapha, nokubekezelela imiphumela emibi lapho ekhetha phakathi kwazo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Pilocarpine

Ingabe i-Pilocarpine iphephile ku-Diabetes?

I-Pilocarpine ngokuvamile iphephile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, kodwa idinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela. Umuthi awuthinti ngokuqondile amazinga kashukela egazini, kodwa ungabangela ukujuluka nezinye izimpawu ezingase zifihle izimpawu zikashukela ophansi.

Abantu abanesifo sikashukela kufanele baqaphele ushukela wabo wegazi kaningi lapho beqala i-pilocarpine, ikakhulukazi uma behlangabezana nokujuluka okwengeziwe noma isicanucanu. Le miphumela emibi ngezinye izikhathi ingadidaniswa nezimpawu ze-hypoglycemia.

Udkt wakho cishe uzofuna ukubukeza uhlelo lwakho lokuphatha isifo sikashukela ngaphambi kokukuyala i-pilocarpine ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi ungahlukanisa ngokuphephile phakathi kwemiphumela emibi yemithi kanye nezinguquko zikashukela wegazi.

Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngithatha i-Pilocarpine eningi ngengozi?

Uma ngengozi uthatha i-pilocarpine eningi kunaleyo ebekiwe, xhumana nodokotela wakho noma ukulawulwa kwezinto ezinobuthi ngokushesha. Ukweqisa kungabangela izimpawu ezinzima ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Izimpawu zokweqisa i-pilocarpine zihlanganisa ukujuluka ngokweqile, isicanucanu esibi nokuhlanza, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane, nokudideka. Lezi zimpawu zingaba yingozi futhi zingadinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo.

Ungazami ukuzelapha ngokweqisa ngokubangela ukuhlanza noma ukuthatha eminye imithi. Kunalokho, funa usizo lwezokwelapha oluchwepheshile ngokushesha futhi ulethe ibhodlela lemithi nawe ukuze ubonise abahlinzeki bezempilo ukuthi uthathe ini kanye nokuthi ungakanani.

Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo we-Pilocarpine?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo we-pilocarpine, yithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, ngaphandle kokuthi sekuseduze isikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe. Esimweni esinjalo, weqa umthamo ophuthelwe futhi uqhubeke neshejuli yakho ejwayelekile.

Ungalokothi uthathe imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ulungise umthamo ophuthelwe. Lokhu kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi ngaphandle kokuhlinzeka ngomvuzo owengeziwe wezimpawu zakho zomlomo owomile.

Uma uvame ukukhohlwa imithamo, cabangela ukusetha izikhumbuzi zocingo noma ukusebenzisa umhleli wamaphilisi ukukusiza ukuthi uhlale emgwaqeni. Ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo kubalulekile ekugcineni ukusebenza kahle komuthi.

Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-Pilocarpine?

Kufanele uyeke kuphela ukuthatha i-pilocarpine ngaphansi kwesiqondiso sikadokotela wakho. Isikhathi sincike esimweni sakho esiyisisekelo nokuthi izimpawu zakho zilawulwa kahle kangakanani.

Ngemlomo owomile obangelwa imisebe, udokotela wakho angase azame ukunciphisa umthamo kancane kancane ukuze abone ukuthi amagland amathe akho abuyele yini ekusebenzeni okwanele. Le nqubo ingathatha izinyanga kuya eminyakeni ngemva kokwelashwa ngemisebe.

Abantu abanesifo i-Sjögren bangase badinge ukwelashwa okungapheli, nakuba udokotela wakho ezohlola ngezikhathi ezithile ukuthi ngabe imithi isanikeza inzuzo eyanele ukuze kulungelwe ukuqhubeka nokuyisebenzisa.

Ngingakwazi yini ukuphuza utshwala ngenkathi ngithatha i-Pilocarpine?

Kungcono ukukhawulela noma ukugwema utshwala ngenkathi uthatha i-pilocarpine. Utshwala bungenza izimpawu zomlomo owomile zibe zimbi futhi bungase landise eminye imiphumela emibi yemithi, ikakhulukazi isiyezi nesicanucanu.

Utshwala futhi busebenza njenge-diuretic, engaphikisana nemiphumela ethile ye-pilocarpine yokukhiqiza umswakama. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungase ungayitholi inzuzo ephelele yomuthi wakho uma uphuza utshwala njalo.

Uma ukhetha ukuphuza utshwala ngezikhathi ezithile, yenza kanjalo ngokulinganisela futhi uqinisekise ukuthi uhlala unamanzi kahle ngamanzi. Njalo xoxa ngokusebenzisa kwakho utshwala nodokotela wakho ukuze bakwazi ukukunikeza iseluleko esiqondene nawe esisekelwe esimweni sakho esithile.