Yini Umgomo Wepneumococcal? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Nokwelashwa Ekhaya

Umjovo we-pneumococcal ngumjovo ovikelayo osiza umzimba wakho ukuthi ulwe namagciwane e-pneumococcal, angabangela izifo ezinzima njengomkhuhlane wamaphaphu, i-meningitis, nezifo zegazi. Lo mgomo usebenza ngokufundisa amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi aqaphele futhi azivikele kula magciwane ayingozi ngaphambi kokuba akuqede.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zemigomo ye-pneumococcal etholakalayo namuhla. Umgomo we-polyvalent uvikela ezinhlotsheni eziningi zamagciwane e-pneumococcal, futhi unikezwa njengomjovo emsipheni wakho (intramuscular) noma ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho (subcutaneous). Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzonquma ukuthi iyiphi indlela esebenza kangcono esimweni sakho esithile.

Yini Umgomo Wepneumococcal?

Umjovo we-pneumococcal ngumuthi ovimbela okukuvikela esifweni se-pneumococcal esibangelwa amagciwane e-Streptococcus pneumoniae. Lawa magciwane angabangela yonke into kusukela ezifweni ezincane zendlebe kuya ezimweni ezisongela impilo njengomkhuhlane wamaphaphu kanye ne-meningitis.

Inguqulo ye-polyvalent yalo mgomo iqukethe izingcezu zezinhlobo ezingama-23 ezihlukene zamagciwane e-pneumococcal. Lapho lezi zingcezu ezingenabungozi zingena emzimbeni wakho, amasosha akho omzimba afunda ukuwaqaphela futhi akhe ama-antibodies okulwa nezifo zesikhathi esizayo. Cabanga ngakho njengokunikeza amasosha akho omzimba iseshini yokuzijwayeza ukuze alungele into yangempela.

Lo mgomo unganikezwa ngezindlela ezimbili: ngqo emsipheni wakho (ngokuvamile ingalo yakho engenhla) noma ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Zombili izindlela zisebenza ngempumelelo, futhi udokotela wakho uzokhetha inketho engcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yakho, isimo sempilo, nezinye izinto.

Kuzizwa Kanjani Ukuthola Umgomo Wepneumococcal?

Ukuthola umgomo we-pneumococcal kuzizwa kufana nokuthola noma yimuphi omunye umgomo ojwayelekile. Uzozwa ukugwaza okusheshayo noma ukushaya lapho inaliti ingena, kulandelwe ubuhlungu obuncane endaweni yokujova obuvame ukuhlala usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili.

Abantu abaningi bachaza ukungakhululeki njengokuncane futhi okwesikhashana. Umjovo we-intramuscular ungase uzizwe ubonakala kancane kune-subcutaneous version ngoba inaliti ingena ekujuleni emsipheni wakho. Kodwa-ke, zombili izindlela zamukeleka kahle ngabantu abaningi.

Ngemuva kokuthola umuthi wokugoma, ungase uqaphele ukuba buhlungu okuthile, ububomvu, noma ukuvuvukala okuncane lapho uthole khona umjovo. Lezi yizimpawu ezijwayelekile zokuthi amasosha akho omzimba ayasabela emutheni wokugoma futhi akha ukuvikeleka emabhaktheriya e-pneumococcal.

Yini Ebanga Imiphumela Eceleni evela kuMuthi Wokugoma we-Pneumococcal?

Imiphumela emibi evela emutheni wokugoma we-pneumococcal yenzeka ngoba amasosha akho omzimba asebenza ngokuzimisela ekusabeleni ezingxenyeni zomuthi wokugoma. Lokhu kusabela empeleni kuyisibonakaliso esihle sokuthi umzimba wakho wakha ukuzivikela emabhaktheriya e-pneumococcal.

Amasosha akho omzimba aphatha izingxenye zomuthi wokugoma njengezinto zangaphandle futhi akhe ukusabela kokuzivikela. Le nqubo ingabangela ukuvuvukala endaweni yokujova futhi ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu ezithambile zesistimu njengokukhathala noma umkhuhlane ophansi. Lezi zisabela yindlela yomzimba wakho yokufunda ukulwa namabhaktheriya angempela.

Ubunzima nobude bemiphumela emibi bungahluka ngokuya ngokusabela kwakho komzimba ngamunye, ubudala, kanye nesimo sempilo esiphelele. Abanye abantu bahlangabezana nokusabela okuthambile kakhulu, kanti abanye bangase babe nezimpawu eziqaphelekayo kodwa ezilawulekayo.

Yini Imiphumela Ejwayelekile Eceleni Yomuthi Wokugoma we-Pneumococcal?

Imiphumela eminingi emibi evela emutheni wokugoma we-pneumococcal ithambile futhi iyazixazulula yodwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Ukuqonda ukuthi yini ongayilindela kungakusiza ukuthi uzizwe ulungiseleleke kakhulu futhi ungakhathazeki ngokusabela okujwayelekile komuthi wokugoma.

Nawa imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ongase uyithole:

• Ubuhlungu, ububomvu, noma ukuvuvukala endaweni yokujova
• Umkhuhlane olula (ngokuvamile ngaphansi kuka-101°F)
• Ukukhathala noma ukuzizwa ukhathele kunokujwayelekile
• Ukucindezeleka
• Ukulimala kwemisipha
• Ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
• Ukucasuka (kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni)

Lezi zimpawu zivela ngaphakathi kwamahora angama-24 ngemuva kokugonywa futhi zivame ukunyamalala phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-2-3. Ziyizimpawu zokuthi amasosha akho omzimba asebenza kahle ukwakha ukuvikeleka ekuguleni kwe-pneumococcal.

Ingabe Imiphumela Eceleni Evela Emgomeni We-Pneumococcal Ingahamba Yodwa?

Yebo, imiphumela eminingi eceleni evela emgomeni we-pneumococcal iyanyamalala ngokuphelele yodwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Umzimba wakho ngokwemvelo usebenzisa izingxenye zomgomo futhi impendulo yamasosha omzimba iyazola phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa.

Ukuvuvukala okulula nokungakhululeki ongase ukuzwe kuyizimphendulo zesikhashana ezinyamalala njengoba amasosha akho omzimba eqeda impendulo yawo emgomeni. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi izimpawu zabo zithuthuka kancane kancane nsuku zonke ngemuva kokugonywa.

Noma kunjalo, uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinzima noma eziqhubekayo, noma uma izimpawu ezilula ziqhubeka ngaphezu kwesonto, kufanelekile ukuxhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Ngenkathi lokhu kungavamile, bangasiza ekutholeni ukuthi ngabe kudingeka ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe.

Zingelashwa Kanjani Imiphumela Eceleni Yomgomo We-Pneumococcal Ekhaya?

Ungaphatha imiphumela eminingi eceleni yomgomo we-pneumococcal ngempumelelo ekhaya usebenzisa imithi elula, emnene. Lezi zindlela zingakusiza ukuthi uzizwe ukhululekile ngenkathi umzimba wakho wakha ukuzivikela.

Nansi izindlela eziphephile nezisebenzayo zokunciphisa imiphumela ejwayelekile eceleni yomgomo:

• Sebenzisa indwangu ehlanzekile, epholile, emanzi endaweni yokujova imizuzu engu-15-20
• Thatha izidambisi zentlungu ezingathengwa ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela njenge-acetaminophen noma i-ibuprofen njengoba uqondiswe
• Hambisa ingalo yakho ngobumnene nangokujwayelekile ukuvimbela ukuqina
• Hlala unamanzi ngokwanele ngokuphuza amanzi amaningi
• Thola ukuphumula okwanele ukuze usekele amasosha akho omzimba
• Gqoka izingubo ezikhululekile ukuze ugweme ukucasula indawo yokujova

Lezi zinyathelo ezilula zinganciphisa kakhulu ukungakhululeki futhi zikusize ukuthi ululame ngokushesha. Khumbula ukugwema ukuhlikihla noma ukubhucunga indawo yokujova, ngoba lokhu kungase kwandise ukucasuka.

Yini Ukwelashwa Kwezokwelapha Kwezimpawu Ezimbi Zomgomo Wepneumococcal?

Abantu abaningi abadingi ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha ngezimpawu zomgomo we-pneumococcal, kodwa abahlinzeki bezempilo banokukhetha okusebenzayo kwezimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kugxila ekuphatheni izimpawu ezithile nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwakho nokunethezeka.

Ezimpawini eziphakathi nendawo, udokotela wakho angase ancome izidambisi zentlungu ezinamandla okubhala imithi noma imithi elwa nokuvuvukala. Bangase futhi baphakamise izindlela ezithile zokupholisa noma zokufudumeza kuye ngezimpawu zakho ezithile.

Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu zokungezwani komzimba okukhulu, ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha kufaka i-epinephrine, ama-antihistamine, kanye nama-corticosteroids. Izikhungo zezempilo zilungiswe kahle ukubhekana nalezi zimo, yingakho abahlinzeki abaningi bencoma ukuhlala ukuze kubukwe ngemva kokugonywa.

Kufanele Ngibone Nini Udokotela Ngezimpawu Ezingezinhle Zomgomo Wepneumococcal?

Kufanele uthinte umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezibonakala zingavamile noma zinkulu kakhulu kunokulindelekile. Nakuba izimpawu ezinzima zingavamile, ngaso sonke isikhathi kungcono ukubheka nochwepheshe wezokwelapha uma ukhathazekile.

Nazi izimo ezithile ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha:

• Umkhuhlane omkhulu ongaphezu kuka-103°F (39.4°C)
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu obungathuthuki ngemithi etholakala ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela
• Izimpawu zokutheleleka endaweni yokujova (ukubomvu okwanda, ukufudumala, ubovu)
• Ukuphefumula noma ukugwinya kanzima
• Ukuqubuka okusabalale noma ama-hives
• Ukuphalaza okuqhubekayo noma ukungakwazi ukugcina uketshezi phansi
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu elinamahlombe aqinile
• Noma yiziphi izimpawu eziqhubeka ziba zimbi esikhundleni sokuthuthuka ngemva kwamahora angama-48

Themba imizwa yakho ngomzimba wakho. Uma kukhona okuzizwa kungalungile ngempela noma ukhathazekile ngezimpawu zakho, unganqikazi ukufuna ukwelashwa. Abahlinzeki bezempilo bahlala bekhona ukusiza ukuhlola isimo sakho futhi banikeze ukwelashwa okufanele.

Ziyini Izici Zengozi Zeziphumo Ezingezinhle Zomgomo Wepneumococcal?

Ezinye izici zingakhuphula amathuba akho okuba nezimpawu ezingezinhle zomgomo we-pneumococcal. Ukuqonda lezi zici zengozi kungakusiza wena nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukulungiselela isipiliyoni sakho sokugoma.

Ubudala budlala indima ebalulekile, njengoba abadala kanye nezingane ezincane kakhulu zivame ukuba nokusabela okubonakalayo komzimba emagomeni. Isimo sakho sempilo esiphelele nayo ibalulekile, nabantu abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezithintekayo ngezinye izikhathi behlangabezana namaphethini ahlukene okusabela.

Nazi izici eziyinhloko zengozi ezingase zikhuphule ithuba lakho leziphumo ezingezinhle zomgomo:

• Ukungezwani komzimba ngaphambilini emagomeni noma ezingxenyeni zomgomo
• Umlando wokungezwani okukhulu emagomeni e-pneumococcal
• Ukugula kwamanje noma umkhuhlane ngesikhathi sokugoma
• Uhlelo lokuzivikela olubuthakathaka ngenxa yemithi noma izimo zezokwelapha
• Ukukhulelwa (nakuba umgomo ngokuvamile uphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa)
• Ukuphuza imithi yokunciphisa igazi
• Ukukhathazeka noma ukwesaba ngamajwabu noma imigomo

Ukuba nezinto eziyingozi akusho ukuthi nakanjani uzothola imiphumela emibi, kodwa kusiza umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuthi ahlele indlela engcono kakhulu yokugoma kwakho. Bangase batusa ukuqapha okwengeziwe noma izinyathelo zokuphepha ezithile ngokuya ngesimo sakho.

Ziyini Izinkinga Ezingase Zibe Khona Zomgomo We-Pneumococcal?

Izinkinga ezinzima ezivela emgomeni we-pneumococcal azivamile kakhulu, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi zingase zibukeke kanjani. Iningi labantu abathola lo mgomo lithola kuphela imiphumela emibi emincane, yesikhashana.

Ukuphendula okukhulu komzimba, okubizwa ngokuthi i-anaphylaxis, kwenzeka kubantu abangaphansi koyedwa kwizigidi eziyisishiyagalolunye zemithamo yomgomo. Lokhu kusabela kuvame ukwenzeka ngemizuzu ngemva kokugoma futhi kubangela izimpawu ezinjengobunzima bokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala kobuso noma umphimbo, kanye nokwehla okusheshayo kwengcindezi yegazi.

Nawa amanye ama-complication angavamile kodwa abucayi abahlinzeki bezempilo abawaqaphayo:

• Ukuphendula okukhulu komzimba (i-anaphylaxis)
• Ukwelashwa kwehlombe okuhlobene nokuphathwa komgomo (SIRVA)
• Ukuquleka nokulimala okungenzeka ngenxa yokuwa
• Ukuphendula okukhulu endaweni ethile enokuvuvukala okukhulu okwanda ngaphandle kwendawo yokujova
• Umkhuhlane ophezulu kakhulu oholela ekuthuthumeleni komkhuhlane (ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane)

Lezi zinkinga azivamile kangangokuthi izinzuzo zokugoma zidlula kakhulu izingozi cishe kuwo wonke umuntu. Abahlinzeki bezempilo baqeqeshwe ukuthi baqaphele futhi baphathe lezi zindlela ezingavamile ngokushesha nangempumelelo.

Ingabe Umgomo We-Pneumococcal Muhle Noma Mubi Ezimweni Zezempilo Ezingafani?

Umgomo we-pneumococcal ngokuvamile uyazuzisa kubantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi labo abanezimo ezithile zezempilo ezandisa ingozi yabo yesifo esibi se-pneumococcal. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi ukugoma kulungile yini ngesimo sakho esithile.

Abantu abanezimo ezingamahlala-khona njengesifo senhliziyo, isifo samaphaphu, isifo sikashukela, noma amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka bavame ukuzuza kakhulu ekugonyweni kwe-pneumococcal. Lezi zimo zenza ukuthi izifo ze-pneumococcal zibe yingozi kakhulu, ngakho ukuvikeleka okunikezwa ngumgomo kubaluleke kakhulu.

Nokho, zikhona izimo lapho ukugonywa kungase kudingeke ukuthi kulibazise noma kuqondwe ngendlela ehlukile. Abantu abanezifo ezinzima ezingamahlala-khona ngokuvamile kufanele balinde kuze kube yilapho belulama ngaphambi kokuba bagonywe. Labo abanezifo ezithile zokungezwani komzimba noma ukusabela okukhulu emgomeni ngaphambilini badinga ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile nokuqashwa.

Yini okungase kuthathwe njengokusabela komgomo we-Pneumococcal?

Ngezikhathi ezithile, ukusabela okujwayelekile komgomo kungase kudidaniswe nezinye izimo, ikakhulu uma ungalindele noma uma kwenzeka kanye nezinye izinkinga zempilo. Ukuqonda ukudideka okuvamile kungakusiza ukuthi usabele ngendlela efanele ezimpawini zakho.

Umkhuhlane omncane nokukhathala okuvela emgomeni kungase kudidaniswe nokuqala komkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezifo. Isikhathi sezimpawu (esivela kungakapheli amahora angama-24 ngemuva kokugonywa) ngokuvamile sisiza ukuhlukanisa ukusabela komgomo kwezinye izifo.

Nawa amazwi ukuthi ukusabela komgomo ngezinye izikhathi kudidaniswa ngawo:

• Izimpawu zomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane (umkhuhlane, ukukhathala, ubuhlungu bomzimba)
• Ukutheleleka kwesikhumba endaweni yokujova (ububomvu obujwayelekile vs. ukutheleleka kwamagciwane)
• Ukuqina kwemisipha noma ukulimala (ubuhlungu bengalo nokuqina)
• Ubuthi bokudla (uma kwenzeka isicanucanu noma ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla)
• Ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba kwezinye izinto (uma kuvela ukuqubuka)

Umehluko omkhulu yisikhathi nephathini. Ukusabela komgomo ngokuvamile kuqala kungakapheli amahora angama-24 ngemuva kokugonywa futhi kuthuthuka kancane kancane ezinsukwini ezi-2-3, kuyilapho ezinye izimo ngokuvamile zinezikhathi ezihlukene kanye namaphethini okuqhubeka.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nomgomo we-Pneumococcal

Ingabe ukuzivikela emgomeni we-pneumococcal kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Umjovo we-pneumococcal unikeza isivikelo esihlala isikhathi eside, ngokuvamile esihlala iminyaka engu-5-10 noma ngaphezulu kubantu abadala abanempilo. Kodwa-ke, ukuzivikela emzimbeni kungancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala noma abantu abanezimo ezithile zempilo. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase ancome umjovo wokuthuthukisa ngokuya ngeminyaka yakho, isimo sempilo, nokuthi sekunesikhathi esingakanani kusukela emgomeni wakho wokugcina.

Ngingayithola yini umjovo we-pneumococcal uma ngikhulelwe noma ngincelisa?

Yebo, umjovo we-pneumococcal ngokuvamile uphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa. Umjovo empeleni unganikeza isivikelo kumntwana wakho ngama-antibody adluliswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa. Kodwa-ke, umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzohlola isimo sakho ngasinye ukuze anqume isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokugoma ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Usebenza kahle kangakanani umjovo we-pneumococcal ekuvikeleni izifo?

Umjovo we-pneumococcal usebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvikeleni isifo esibi se-pneumococcal. Kunciphisa ingozi yesifo se-pneumococcal esihlaselayo ngama-60-70% kubantu abadala abanempilo futhi unikeza isivikelo esikhulu ngokumelene nomkhuhlane wamaphaphu. Ngenkathi ingavimbeli zonke izinhlobo zomkhuhlane wamaphaphu, ivikela ezinhlotsheni ezivame kakhulu nezibi ezibangelwa amagciwane e-pneumococcal.

Ngingakwazi yini ukuthola eminye imigomo ngesikhathi esifanayo nomjovo we-pneumococcal?

Yebo, ungafaka ngokuphepha umjovo we-pneumococcal kanye neminye imigomo, okuhlanganisa umgomo womkhuhlane, umgomo we-COVID-19, nabanye. Ukuthola imigomo eminingi ngasikhathi sinye akunciphisi ukusebenza kwayo noma ukwandisa ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi engathi sína. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase awanikeze ezingalweni ezihlukene ukuze kuncishiswe ukusabela kwendawo.

Ngingenzani uma ngiphuthelwe isikhathi sami esihleliwe somgomo we-pneumococcal?

Uma uphuthelwe ukuqokwa kwakho komgomo we-pneumococcal, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze uhlele kabusha ngokushesha okukhulu. Akunasidingo sokuqala kabusha uchungechunge lomgomo uma uliphuzile idosi. Umgomo usazoqhubeka usebenza ngisho noma kukhona ukubambezeleka, yize kungcono ukuhlala esimisweni sokuvikela okungcono kakhulu esifweni se-pneumococcal.