Yini iQuinine: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni Nokunye

I-Quinine iyimithi kadokotela etholakala emagxolweni esihlahla se-cinchona futhi isetshenziswe amakhulu eminyaka ukwelapha umalaleveva. Namuhla, odokotela bayithatha njengokuyinhloko ezimweni ezinzima zomlaleveva lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasebenzi noma zingafaneleki. Ungase futhi uyazi i-quinine emanzini e-tonic, nakuba ifomu lezokwelapha linamandla kakhulu futhi lidinga ukuqashwa ngokucophelela ngumhlinzeki wakho wezempilo.

Yini iQuinine?

I-Quinine iyi-alkaloid yemvelo elwa namagciwane omlaleveva egazini lakho. Ingenye yemithi endala kakhulu yokulwa nomalaleveva esinayo, eyatholakala ekuqaleni ngabantu bomdabu eNingizimu Melika abasebenzisa igxolo le-cinchona ukwelapha umkhuhlane. Umuthi usebenza ngokungenelela nekhono le-parasite yomalaleveva lokwehlisa i-hemoglobin, ngokuyisisekelo elambisa i-parasite.

Ngefomu layo lezokwelapha, i-quinine igxilile kakhulu kunalokho ongakuthola emanzini e-tonic. Udokotela wakho uzoyibhala kuphela uma ekholelwa ukuthi izinzuzo zidlula izingozi, njengoba ingaba nemiphumela emibi edinga ukuqashwa.

Yini iQuinine Esetshenziselwa Yona?

Odokotela babhala i-quinine ikakhulukazi ngomalaleveva onzima obangelwa amagciwane e-Plasmodium falciparum. Lokhu kuvamile uma uye waya ezindaweni lapho umalaleveva emelana nezinye izindlela zokwelapha, noma lapho imithi yomugqa wokuqala ingasebenzanga kuwe. Kuthathwa njengokwelashwa komugqa wesibili, okusho ukuthi udokotela wakho uzozama ezinye izinketho kuqala.

Ngezinye izikhathi, nakuba kungavamile kakhulu, odokotela bangase babhale i-quinine ngama-cramps emilenze aqinile angazange aphendule kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Nokho, lokhu kusetshenziswa sekuye kwaba nempikiswano ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokuphepha, futhi izinhlangano eziningi zezokwelapha manje zincoma ukungayisebenzisi ngama-cramps.

Isebenza Kanjani iQuinine?

I-Quinine iqondisa isimiso sokugaya sokugaya se-malaria ngaphakathi kwamaseli akho abomvu egazi. Lapho izilwanyana ze-malaria zithela igazi lakho, zidla i-hemoglobin futhi zikhiqize imikhiqizo yemfucuza enobuthi. I-Quinine iphazamisa le nqubo ngokuphazamisa ikhono lezilwanyana lokukhipha ubuthi bale mikhiqizo yemfucuza, ekugcineni ibulale isilwanyana.

Lena imithi eqinile kakhulu esebenza ngendlela ehlukile kunemithi emisha elwa ne-malaria. Ngenkathi isebenza, idinga ukulinganiswa nokubhekwa ngokucophelela ngoba ingathinta ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho nezinye izinhlelo zomzimba. Udokotela wakho uzofuna ukukugcina iso eduze ngenkathi uyithatha.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Quinine?

Thatha i-quinine ngqo njengoba udokotela wakho ekunqumele, imvamisa njalo emahoreni angu-8 ngokudla noma ubisi ukunciphisa isisu esicasulayo. Gwinya amaphilisi noma amaphilisi wonke ngengilazi yamanzi egcwele, futhi ungawachobozi noma uwahlafune ngoba lokhu kungandisa ingozi yemiphumela emibi.

Ukudla kusiza umzimba wakho ukuthi umunce imithi ngokulinganayo futhi kunciphisa isicanucanu, okuyisimo esivamile. Zama ukuyithatha ngezikhathi ezifanayo nsuku zonke ukuze ugcine amazinga aqhubekayo egazini lakho. Uma unenkinga yokuyigcina ngenxa yesicanucanu, yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Ungalokothi ulungise umthamo wakho wedwa, ngisho noma uzizwa ungcono. Izilwanyana ze-malaria zingathuthukisa ukumelana uma ungaqedi inkambo ephelele, futhi ukuyeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungavumela ukuthi ukutheleleka kubuye kuqine kunakuqala.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Quinine?

Abantu abaningi bathatha i-quinine izinsuku ezi-3 kuya kwezi-7, kuye ngobunzima be-malaria yabo nokuthi basabela kahle kangakanani ekwelashweni. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ubude obuqondile ngokuya ngesimo sakho esithile, okuhlanganisa ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-malaria onalo nokuthi ungayithola kuphi.

Kubalulekile ukuqeda lonke ikhosi ngisho noma uqala ukuzizwa ungcono ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Amagciwane e-malaria angacasha ohlelweni lwakho, futhi ukuyeka ukwelashwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kuwanika ithuba lokuzala futhi. Udokotela wakho angase futhi akunike imithi eyengeziwe ozoyithatha kanye noma ngemva kwe-quinine ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amagciwane aqediwe.

Yiziphi Izimo Ezingezinhle Ze-Quinine?

I-Quinine ingabangela imiphumela eminingi engemihle, kusukela kokulula kuya kokukhulu. Ezivamile kakhulu ongase uzithole zihlanganisa isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, nobuhlungu besisu. Abantu abaningi baphinde bathuthukise okubizwa ngokuthi “cinchonism,” okuhlanganisa izimpawu ezinjengokukhala ezindlebeni, ikhanda, isiyezi, nezinkinga zokuzwa zesikhashana.

Nazi izimo ezingezinhle ezivamile okufanele uzazi:

• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Isifo sohudo noma ukuphazamiseka kwesisu
• Ikhanda nesiyezi
• Ukukhala ezindlebeni (i-tinnitus)
• Ushintsho lokuzwa okwesikhashana
• Ukubona okungacacile
• Ukubomvu noma ukujuluka

Iningi lalezi zimpawu liyalawuleka futhi livame ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela imithi. Kodwa-ke, futhi ziyizimpawu zokuthi udinga ukuqashwa eduze ithimba lakho lezempilo.

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu idinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izinkinga ezinzima zokushaya kwenhliziyo, ukwehla okukhulu kushukela wegazi, ukusabela okukhulu komzimba, nezifo zegazi. Nakuba kungavamile, lokhu kungaba yingozi ekuphileni.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana:

• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile noma okusheshayo
• Isiyezi esikhulu noma ukuquleka
• Izimpawu zikashukela ophansi (ukujuluka, ukuthuthumela, ukudideka)
• Ukuqubuka okukhulu noma ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Ukuphuma kwegazi okungajwayelekile noma ukulimala
• Ushintsho olukhulu lokubona noma lokuzwa

Lezi zimo ezinzima zivamile kodwa zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo. Udokotela wakho cishe uzoqapha ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho kanye namazinga kashukela egazini ngenkathi uthatha i-quinine, ikakhulukazi uma unezinye izimo zempilo.

Ubani Ongafanele Athathwe I-Quinine?

I-Quinine ayiphephile kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuyibhala. Abantu abanezimo ezithile zenhliziyo, izifo zegazi, noma labo abathatha imithi ethile bangase badinge ezinye izindlela zokwelapha esikhundleni salokho.

Akufanele uthathe i-quinine uma:

• Umlando wokungezwani komzimba okukhulu ku-quinine noma i-quinidine
• Izinkinga ezithile zokushaya kwenhliziyo
• Isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) ukuntula
• I-Myasthenia gravis (isifo sokukhathala kwemisipha)
• Isifo esibi sezinso noma sesibindi

Udokotela wakho uzophinda aqaphele mayelana nokubhala i-quinine uma ukhulelwe, uncelisa, noma unesifo sikashukela. Ngenkathi ingasetshenziswa ekukhulelweni lapho izinzuzo zidlula izingozi, idinga ukuqapha okucophelelayo.

Qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo, okuhlanganisa nemithi etholakala ngaphandle kwe-oda kanye nezithasiselo. I-Quinine ingasebenzisana nemithi eminingi, okuhlanganisa ama-blood thinners, imithi yenhliziyo, kanye nama-antibiotics athile.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Quinine

I-Quinine itholakala ngaphansi kwamagama amaningana omkhiqizo, i-Qualaquin iyona eyaziwa kakhulu e-United States. Amanye amagama omkhiqizo afaka i-Quinamm, nakuba ukutholakala kungahluka ngokuya ngezwe nesifunda.

I-Quinine ejwayelekile iyatholakala futhi isebenza ngempumelelo njengama-brand-name versions. Umuthi wakho womuthi angakusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olutholayo futhi uqinisekise ukuthi uyithatha ngendlela efanele. Njalo hlola ukuthi uthola amandla okubhala, hhayi uhlobo olubuthakathaka olutholakala emanzini e-tonic.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Quinine

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha umalaleveva ngaphandle kwe-quinine ziyatholakala, futhi udokotela wakho uzovame ukuzama lezi kuqala. Ukwelashwa okuhlanganisa i-Artemisinin (ACTs) manje kuyindlela yokwelapha yokuqala ekhethwayo yezinhlobo eziningi zomlaleveva ngoba zivame ukusebenza kahle futhi zibe nemiphumela emibi embalwa.

Ezinye izindlela ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem)
• Atovaquone-proguanil (Malarone)
• Doxycycline
• Mefloquine
• Chloroquine (ezindaweni ezingenazo ukumelana)

Udokotela wakho uzokhetha indlela engcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe endaweni othole kuyo umalaleveva, hlobo luni lwe-parasite onalo, kanye nezici zakho zempilo. Kwezinye izimo, ungase uthole inhlanganisela yemithi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwelashwa okuphumelela kakhulu.

Ingabe i-Quinine Ingcono Kune-Chloroquine?

I-Quinine ne-chloroquine zisebenza ngendlela ehlukile futhi zisetshenziswa ezimweni ezingafani, ngakho akuyona nje indaba yokuthi enye ingcono kunenye. I-Chloroquine yayivame ukuba yindlela yokwelapha umalaleveva, kodwa ama-parasites amaningi omlaleveva aye akha ukumelana nayo, ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ezithile zomhlaba.

I-Quinine ngokuvamile igcinelwe amacala omlaleveva abucayi noma izindawo lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ziye zahluleka ngenxa yokumelana. Ithathwa njengeqine kakhulu kodwa futhi inemiphumela emibi eminingi futhi idinga ukuqashwa okuseduze. I-Chloroquine, uma isebenza, ivame ukubekezelelwa kangcono ngemiphumela emibi embalwa.

Udokotela wakho uzokhetha ngokusekelwe ezintweni eziningana okuhlanganisa lapho kungenzeka ukuthi uthole khona umalaleveva, amaphethini okumelana endawo, nempilo yakho yonke. Ezimweni eziningi, akukho ngisho nemithi yalezi ezizoba yinto yokuqala okhethwayo, njengoba ukwelashwa okusha okuhlanganisiwe kuvame ukusebenza kahle.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Quinine

Ingabe i-Quinine Iphephile Ezimweni Zenhliziyo?

I-Quinine ingathinta ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho, ngakho-ke abantu abanezifo zenhliziyo ezikhona badinga ukuqapha okwengeziwe. Udokotela wakho uzohlola ngokucophelela impilo yenhliziyo yakho ngaphambi kokukuyalela i-quinine futhi angase ayalele i-electrocardiogram (EKG) ukuhlola ukusebenza kukagesi kwenhliziyo yakho.

Uma unesifo senhliziyo, udokotela wakho angase akhethe ukwelashwa okuhlukile noma akuqaphe eduze ngenkathi uthatha i-quinine. Ungalokothi uthathe i-quinine uma unezifo ezithile zokushaya kwenhliziyo, ngoba kungase kubhebhethekise lezi zimo futhi kubangele izinkinga ezingase zibeke ukuphila engozini.

Ngingenzani Uma Ngisebenzisa I-Quinine Eningi Ngengozi?

Uma uthathe i-quinine eningi kunaleyo ebekiwe, xhumana nodokotela wakho noma isikhungo sokulawula ubuthi ngokushesha, ngisho noma uzizwa ulungile. Ukweqisa kwe-Quinine kungabangela izimpawu ezinzima ezihlanganisa izinkinga ezinkulu zokushaya kwenhliziyo, ushukela wegazi ophansi kakhulu, nokuhlaselwa.

Ungazami ukuzenza uhlanze noma uthathe imithi eyengeziwe ngaphandle uma uqondiswe ngqo ochwepheshe bezokwelapha. Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinzima njengokuphefumula kanzima, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, shayela izinsiza eziphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Ngingenzani Uma Ngedlula Umthamo We-Quinine?

Uma weqa umthamo, wuthatha ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, ngaphandle uma sekuseduze isikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe. Kuleso simo, weqa umthamo owuqediwe bese uqhubeka neshejuli yakho ejwayelekile. Ungalokothi uphinde imithamo ukuze ulungise okwedluliwe.

Ukuqeda imithamo kungavumela amapharasayithi e-malaria ukuthi aphindaphindeke futhi kungenzeka ukuthi athuthukise ukumelana nomuthi. Uma uqede imithamo eminingi noma unenkinga yokukhumbula ukuthatha umuthi wakho, xhumana nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole isiqondiso sokuthi uqhubeke kanjani ngokuphepha.

Ngingayeka Nini Ukuthatha I-Quinine?

Misa ukuthatha i-quinine kuphela uma udokotela wakho ekutshela ukuthi wenze njalo, ngokuvamile ngemva kokuqeda umthamo ogcwele obekiwe. Noma ngabe uzizwa ungcono ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, kubalulekile ukuqeda yonke imithi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izilokazane ze-malaria ziqediwe emzimbeni wakho.

Udokotela wakho angase afune ukwenza izivivinyo zegazi zokulandela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izilokazane ze-malaria sezinyamalele ngaphambi kokumemezela ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakho kuqediwe. Ukuyeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungaholela ekwehlulekeni kokwelashwa futhi kungenzeka kuvumele izilokazane ezingamelani ukuthi zithuthuke.

Ngingakwazi Ukuphuza Amanzi e-Tonic Esikhundleni Sokuthatha I-Quinine Ebekiwe?

Cha, amanzi e-tonic aqukethe amanani amancane e-quinine angasondeli ngokwanele ukwelapha i-malaria. Inani elitholakala emanzini e-tonic lingaba ngu-1000 ngaphansi kwalelo elidingekayo ekwelashweni kwezokwelapha. Ukusebenzisa amanzi e-tonic esikhundleni se-quinine ebekiwe ngeke kusebenze futhi kungaba yingozi.

Uma unenkinga yokubekezelela i-quinine ebekiwe, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezindlela ezingezinye noma izindlela zokulawula imiphumela emibi. Ungalokothi ushintshe imikhiqizo etholakala ngaphandle kwe-oda lemithi ebekiwe lapho welapha izimo ezinzima njenge-malaria.