Yini i-Raltegravir: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni Nokunye

I-Raltegravir iyimithi ye-HIV esiza ukugcina igciwane lilawulwa emzimbeni wakho. Ingaphansi kohlu lwemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-integrase inhibitors, asebenza ngokuvimbela i-HIV ekuzikopishini yona futhi isabalalele emangqamuzaneni anempilo.

Le mithi isibe yingxenye ebalulekile yokwelashwa kwesimanje kwe-HIV ngoba ivame ukubekezeleleka kahle futhi isebenza kahle. Ngokuvamile uzoyithatha njengengxenye yokwelashwa okuhlanganisiwe neminye imithi ye-HIV, okusiza ukudala ukuvikela okuqinile egciwaneni.

Yini i-Raltegravir?

I-Raltegravir iyimithi elotshwe ngudokotela elwa namagciwane eyenzelwe ukwelapha ngqo ukutheleleka nge-HIV-1. Isebenza ngokugxila ku-enzyme ethile edingwa yi-HIV ukuze iziphindaphinde emzimbeni wakho.

Lo muthi waqala ukugunyazwa yi-FDA ngonyaka ka-2007 futhi selokhu usize izigidi zabantu ukuthi zilawule i-HIV yabo ngempumelelo. Ithathwa njengenketho yokwelashwa yomugqa wokuqala, okusho ukuthi odokotela bavame ukuyincoma njengenye yemithi yokuqala ezigulini ezisanda kutholakala.

Ungase uzwe umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo emkhomba ngegama lomkhiqizo wakhe, i-Isentress, noma ngokuthi i-integrase inhibitor nje. Umuthi uza ngesimo samaphilisi futhi wenzelwe ukuthi uthathwe ngomlomo nokuthi ungadliwa noma ungadliwe.

Isetshenziselwani i-Raltegravir?

I-Raltegravir isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukwelapha ukutheleleka nge-HIV-1 kubantu abadala kanye nezingane ezinobunzima obungenani obuyi-4.4 amaphawundi (2 kilograms). Ihlala isetshenziswa ngokuhlangana neminye imithi ye-HIV, hhayi yodwa.

Udokotela wakho angase akubhalele i-raltegravir uma usanda kutholakala ukuthi une-HIV noma uma udinga ukushintsha ukusuka kwenye imithi ye-HIV. Ilusizo ikakhulukazi kubantu abaye bakha ukumelana neminye imithi ye-HIV noma labo abahlangabezana nemiphumela eceleni ekhathazayo evela emithini ehlukene.

Umuthi usetshenziswa futhi ekwelashweni kweziguli ezinolwazi lokwelashwa i-HIV yazo esingakwazi ukumelana neminye imithi. Kulezi zimo, i-raltegravir inganikeza indlela entsha yokulawula igciwane lapho ezinye izinketho zingasebenzi kahle.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Raltegravir?

I-Raltegravir isebenza ngokuvimba i-enzyme ebizwa nge-integrase edingwa yi-HIV ukufaka izinto zayo zofuzo emangqamuzaneni akho anempilo. Cabanga nge-integrase njengokhiye i-HIV ewusebenzisela ukuvula nokungena emangqamuzaneni akho.

Lapho i-HIV ithelela iseli, idinga ukuhlanganisa ikhodi yayo yofuzo ku-DNA yeseli ukuze iphindaphindeke. I-Raltegravir empeleni ivimba le nqubo, ivimbela igciwane ukuthi lingasunguli indawo ehlala njalo emangqamuzaneni akho.

Lo muthi ubhekwa njengomuthi oqinile ngokulinganisela futhi osebenza kahle kakhulu uma usetshenziswa njengengxenye yokwelashwa okuhlanganisiwe. Awelaphi i-HIV, kodwa unganciphisa inani legciwane egazini lakho liye emazingeni angabonakali, okusiza ukugcina amasosha akho omzimba futhi kuvimbele ukudluliselwa kwabanye.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Raltegravir?

Kufanele uthathe i-raltegravir ngendlela eqondile udokotela wakho ayichazayo, ngokuvamile kabili ngosuku ngaphandle kokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla. Umthamo ovamile wabantu abadala uvame ukuba ngu-400 mg kabili ngosuku, kodwa udokotela wakho uzonquma inani elifanele lesimo sakho esithile.

Ungathatha lo muthi ngokudla, ukudla okulula, noma esiswini esingenalutho - noma yini esebenza kangcono emsebenzini wakho. Abanye abantu bakuthola kulula ukukhumbula imithamo yabo uma beyithatha nge-breakfast ne-dinner.

Zama ukuthatha imithamo yakho cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke ukuze ugcine amazinga aqhubekayo omuthi ohlelweni lwakho. Ukusetha izikhumbuzi zocingo noma ukusebenzisa umhleli wamaphilisi kungakusiza ukuthi uhlale uvumelana neshejuli yakho yokulinganisa.

Gwinya amaphilisi wonke ngamanzi noma esinye isiphuzo. Ungawachobozi, uwahlafune, noma uwaphule amaphilisi, ngoba lokhu kungathinta indlela umuthi ogaywa ngayo emzimbeni wakho.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Raltegravir?

Kungenzeka udinga ukuthatha i-raltegravir impilo yakho yonke njengengxenye yohlelo lwakho lokwelashwa nge-HIV. Ukwelashwa nge-HIV kuyisibopho sesikhathi eside, futhi ukuyeka imithi kungavumela igciwane ukuthi liphindaphindeke futhi likwazi ukuthuthukisa ukumelana.

Udokotela wakho uzoqapha intuthuko yakho ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile okulinganisa umthwalo wakho wegciwane kanye nenani le-CD4. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza ukunquma ukuthi imithi isebenza kahle kangakanani nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukulungiswa okudingekayo ohlelweni lwakho lokwelashwa.

Abanye abantu bakhathazeka ngokuthatha imithi unomphela, kodwa khumbula ukuthi ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo kukusiza ukuthi ugcine impilo yakho futhi kuvimbela i-HIV ukuthi ingaqhubeki iye ku-AIDS. Abantu abaningi abathatha ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo nge-HIV baphila impilo ende, enempilo ngaphandle komthelela omncane emisebenzini yabo yansuku zonke.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni Ye-Raltegravir?

Abantu abaningi bayayibekezelela kahle i-raltegravir, kodwa njengayo yonke imithi, ingabangela imiphumela emibi. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi imiphumela emibi engathi sína ayivamile, futhi abantu abaningi abahlangabezani nezinkinga ezimbalwa noma ezingekho.

Nawa amanye imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ongase uyithole, ukhumbula ukuthi abantu abaningi banezimpawu ezithambile ezithuthuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi:

• Ukucabuka kwekhanda
• Isicanucanu
• Ukuphuma isifo sohudo
• Ukukhathala noma ukukhathala
• Isiyezi
• Ubunzima bokulala
• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha

Le miphumela emibi ejwayelekile ivame ukungabonakali kangako njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela imithi emasontweni ambalwa okuqala okwelashwa.

Ngenkathi kungavamile, kukhona eminye imiphumela emibi engathi sína edinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha. Lezi zimo ezingavamile kodwa ezibalulekile zihlanganisa:

• Ukuphendula kwesikhumba okukhulu noma ukuqubuka
• Izimpawu zezinkinga zesibindi (ukuphuzi kwesikhumba noma amehlo, umchamo omnyama, ubuhlungu besisu obukhulu)
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha obukhulu noma ubuthakathaka
• Ushintsho empilweni yengqondo njengokucindezeleka noma imicabango yokuzibulala
• Ukuphendula okukhulu komzimba

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ezingathi sína, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha. Khumbula ukuthi izinzuzo zokwelapha i-HIV ngokuvamile zidlula kakhulu izingozi zemiphumela emibi.

Ubani Ongafanele Athathe i-Raltegravir?

I-Raltegravir ayifanele wonke umuntu, futhi udokotela wakho uzobukeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuyibhala. Akufanele uthathe lo muthi uma unokungezwani komzimba ne-raltegravir noma yiziphi izithako zawo.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzofuna ukwazi ngezimo ezithile nemithi engase ihlangane ne-raltegravir. Qiniseka ukuthi uyabatshela uma une:

• Isifo sesibindi noma i-hepatitis
• Izinkinga zezinso
• Izimo zempilo yengqondo, ikakhulukazi ukucindezeleka
• Izifo zemisipha
• Noma yimuphi umlando wokuphendula kwesikhumba okukhulu emithini

Abesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisa izingane bangavame ukuthatha i-raltegravir, kodwa lokhu kudinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela ngumhlinzeki wezempilo onolwazi ekwelapheni i-HIV. Umuthi ungaba yingxenye ebalulekile ekuvikeleni ukudluliselwa kwe-HIV kusuka kumama kuya enganeni.

Udokotela wakho uzobuye abukeze yonke imithi yakho yamanje, okuhlanganisa imithi kadokotela, imithi etholakala ngaphandle kwekhawunta, kanye nezithasiselo, ukuze ahlolisise ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi kuxhumane.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Raltegravir

I-Raltegravir yaziwa kakhulu ngegama layo lomkhiqizo elithi Isentress, elikhiqizwa yi-Merck & Co. Le yifomula yokuqala abantu abaningi abayithola lapho bebhalelwe i-raltegravir.

Kukhona futhi i-Isentress HD, okuyifomula enomthamo ophezulu evumela abanye abantu ukuthi bathathe umuthi kanye ngosuku esikhundleni sokuthatha kabili ngosuku. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi iyiphi ifomula engcono kakhulu esimweni sakho esithile.

Izinhlobo ze-generic ze-raltegravir nazo zingatholakala, ezingasiza ukunciphisa izindleko zokwelashwa. Le mithi ye-generic iqukethe isithako esifanayo esisebenzayo futhi isebenza ngempumelelo njengezinhlobo zamagama omkhiqizo.

Ezinye Izindlela ze-Raltegravir

Uma i-raltegravir ingasebenzi kahle kuwe noma ibangela imiphumela engathandeki, kunemithi eminingi ye-HIV enye udokotela wakho angayicabangela. Ezinye izithiyo ze-integrase zihlanganisa i-dolutegravir (Tivicay) kanye ne-bictegravir (Biktarvy).

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase futhi asikisele imithi evela emakilasini ahlukene emithi, njengezithiyo ze-non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase (NNRTIs) noma izithiyo ze-protease, kuye ngesimo sakho esithile kanye nanoma yimaphi amaphethini okumelana nemithi.

Ukukhethwa kwemithi enye kuncike ezintweni ezinjengomthwalo wakho wegciwane, ukubalwa kwe-CD4, noma yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ze-HIV owake wazithatha ngaphambilini, kanye nempilo yakho yonke. Udokotela wakho uzosebenza nawe ukuthola inhlanganisela esebenza kahle kakhulu futhi ekhuthazelekayo.

Khumbula ukuthi ukushintsha imithi ye-HIV kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwezokwelapha. Udokotela wakho uzohlela ngokucophelela noma yiziphi izinguquko ukuze aqinisekise ukucindezelwa okuqhubekayo kwegciwane ngesikhathi sokuguquka.

Ingabe i-Raltegravir Ingcono Kune-Dolutegravir?

Kokubili i-raltegravir ne-dolutegravir ziyizithiyo ze-integrase ezisebenzayo, kodwa zinezinye izinto ezingenza enye ifaneleke kakhulu kuwe kunenye. I-Dolutegravir ngokuvamile ithathwa kanye ngosuku, kuyilapho i-raltegravir ngokuvamile ithathwa kabili ngosuku.

Izifundo zikhomba ukuthi i-dolutegravir ingase ibe nesithiyo esiphezulu sokumelana, okusho ukuthi kunzima ukuthi i-HIV yakhe ukumelana nayo. Kodwa-ke, i-raltegravir isikhona isikhathi eside futhi inerekhodi elibanzi lokuphepha nokusebenza.

I-Dolutegravir ingase ibangele ukuzuza isisindo esiningi nokuphazamiseka kokulala kwabanye abantu, kuyilapho i-raltegravir ivame ukubekezelelwa kangcono mayelana nale miphumela emibi ethile. Ukukhetha phakathi kwabo kuvame ukuncika ezimweni zakho ngazinye nezintandokazi zakho.

Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izinto ezinjengendlela yakho yokuphila, eminye imithi oyithathayo, kanye nanoma yimuphi umlando wokwelashwa wangaphambilini lapho encoma ukuthi iyiphi i-integrase inhibitor engasebenza kahle kakhulu kuwe.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Raltegravir

Ingabe i-Raltegravir iphephile kubantu abanezifo zesibindi?

I-Raltegravir ingasetshenziswa ngokuphepha kubantu abanezifo zesibindi, kodwa idinga ukuqashwa ngokucophelela. Udokotela wakho uzodinga ukuhlola ukusebenza kwesibindi sakho njalo ngezivivinyo zegazi ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi umuthi awubangeli zinkinga.

Abantu abane-hepatitis B noma i-C co-infection ngokuvamile bangathatha i-raltegravir, kodwa bangase badinge ukuqashwa kaningi. Umuthi ngokuvamile uthathwa njengophephe kakhulu esibindini kunezinye izidakamizwa ze-HIV, yingakho odokotela ngezinye izikhathi bekhetha ukuyinika iziguli ezinokukhathazeka ngesibindi.

Ngingenzani uma ngithatha i-Raltegravir eningi ngengozi?

Uma ngengozi uthatha i-raltegravir eningi kunaleyo ebekiwe, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo noma isikhungo sokulawula ubuthi ngokushesha. Nakuba ukweqisa kungavamile, kubalulekile ukuthola iseluleko sezokwelapha mayelana nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo.

Ungazami ukulungisa umthamo owengeziwe ngokususa umthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe. Kunalokho, landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi ungaluqala nini kabusha uhlelo lwakho lokulinganisa olujwayelekile. Gcina umkhondo wokuthi uthathe nini umthamo owengeziwe ukuze usize abahlinzeki bezempilo ukuthi bahlole isimo.

Ngingenzani uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo we-Raltegravir?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo we-raltegravir, yithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, ngaphandle uma sekuyisikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe. Kulokho, weqa umthamo ophuthelwe futhi uqhubeke nohlelo lwakho olujwayelekile.

Ungalokothi uthathe imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ulungise umthamo ophuthelwe. Uma uvame ukukhohlwa imithamo, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo mayelana namaqhinga okukusiza ukuthi ukhumbule, njengokusetha ama-alamu ocingweni noma ukusebenzisa umhleli wamaphilisi.

Ukuphuthelwa imithamo ngezikhathi ezithile ngokuvamile akuyona ingozi, kodwa ukuphuthelwa imithamo njalo kungavumela i-HIV ukuthi ikhule ukumelana nomuthi, okwenza ingasebenzi kahle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-Raltegravir?

Akufanele uyeke ukuthatha i-raltegravir ngaphandle kokuxoxa ngayo nodokotela wakho. Ukwelashwa nge-HIV kuvamile ukuba kube ngokuphila konke, futhi ukuyeka imithi kungavumela igciwane ukuba liphindaphane ngokushesha futhi likwazi ukuthuthukisa ukumelana.

Udokotela wakho angase acabange ukushintsha uhlelo lwakho lwe-HIV uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi ebalulekile noma uma imithi ingasebenzi kahle. Kodwa-ke, noma yiziphi izinguquko ohlelweni lwakho lokwelashwa kufanele zihlelwe ngokucophelela futhi ziqashwe.

Uma unokukhathazeka ngemithi yakho noma ucabangela ukuyeka ukwelashwa, xoxa ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho mayelana nokukhathazeka kwakho nezixazululo ezingenzeka.

Ngingakwazi yini ukuphuza utshwala ngenkathi ngithatha i-Raltegravir?

Ukuphuza utshwala ngokulinganisela kuvamile ukuthi kulungile ngenkathi uthatha i-raltegravir, kodwa kungcono ukuxoxa ngemikhuba yakho yokuphuza nodokotela wakho. Utshwala abuhlangani ngqo ne-raltegravir, kodwa bungathinta isibindi sakho kanye nesistimu yokuzivikela komzimba.

Uma unesifo sesibindi noma ezinye izimo zempilo, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukunciphisa noma ukugwema utshwala ngokuphelele. Khumbula ukuthi utshwala bungenza kube nzima ukukhumbula ukuthatha imithi yakho ngokuqhubekayo.

Yiba ngobuqotho nodokotela wakho mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwakho utshwala ukuze bakwazi ukukunikeza iseluleko esingcono kakhulu sesimo sakho esithile futhi baqaphe impilo yakho ngendlela efanele.