Yini i-Riluzole: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni Nokunye

I-Riluzole iyimithi kadokotela eyenzelwe ngqo ukusiza abantu abaphila ne-ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), eyaziwa nangokuthi isifo sikaLou Gehrig. Le mithi isebenza ngokuvikela amaseli ezinzwa ebuchosheni bakho nasemgogodleni, okungenzeka ukuthi yehlisa ukuqhubeka kwalesi simo esiyinselele.

Ngenkathi i-riluzole ingelaphi i-ALS, imelela inketho yokwelapha ebalulekile engasiza ukwelula isikhathi esiseqile nabathandekayo. Ukuqonda ukuthi le mithi isebenza kanjani nokuthi yini ongayilindela kungakusiza uzizwe uqiniseka ngokwengeziwe ngohambo lwakho lokwelashwa.

Yini i-Riluzole?

I-Riluzole iyimithi evikela imizwa eqondiswe ngqo ohlelweni lwezinzwa. Ingaphansi kohlu lwemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-glutamate inhibitors, asebenza ngokunciphisa umsebenzi wezinzwa owedlulele ongase ulimaze ama-motor neurons.

Umuthi uza njengamaphilisi omlomo owathatha ngomlomo kabili ngosuku. Ivunyelwe yi-FDA kusukela ngo-1995 futhi isize izinkulungwane zabantu ukuthi baphathe izimpawu zabo ze-ALS ngempumelelo enkulu.

Cabanga nge-riluzole njengenduku yokuvikela amaseli akho ezinzwa. Ngenkathi ingakwazi ukulungisa umonakalo osuvele ukhona, ingasiza ekwehliseni ukonakala okuqhubekayo kwama-motor neurons alawula imisipha yakho.

Isetshenziselwani i-Riluzole?

I-Riluzole ngokuyinhloko inikezwa ukwelapha i-ALS, isifo sezinzwa esiqhubekayo esithinta amaseli ezinzwa alawula ukunyakaza kwemisipha okuzithandela. Lesi simo sibuthakathisa kancane kancane imisipha emzimbeni wakho wonke, okwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke ibe nzima ngokwengeziwe.

Umuthi ngokuvamile unconywa kubantu abasezigabeni zokuqala kuya kweziphakathi ze-ALS. Udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuqala i-riluzole ngokushesha ngemva kokuxilongwa kwakho ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinzuzo zayo zokuvikela.

Kwezinye izimo, odokotela bangase banikeze i-riluzole ngaphandle kwemvume yezinye izifo ze-motor neuron noma izimo ze-neurological. Kodwa-ke, i-ALS isahlala iyona esetshenziswa kakhulu futhi efundwe kahle, lapho izivivinyo zomtholampilo zikhombise izinzuzo eziqondakalayo.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Riluzole?

I-Riluzole isebenza ngokuvimba amanani amaningi e-glutamate, isithunywa samakhemikhali ohlelweni lwakho lwezinzwa. Lapho amazinga e-glutamate eba phezulu kakhulu, angalimaza noma abulale ama-motor neurons alawula imisipha yakho.

Umuthi uthathwa njengomuthi wokuvikela i-neuroprotective onamandla aphakathi. Awunikezi ukukhululeka kwezimpawu ngokushesha njengeminye imithi enamandla, kodwa esikhundleni salokho usebenza kancane kancane ukuvikela ukusebenza kwakho kwezinzwa okusele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-riluzole ingasiza ukuzinzisa umsebenzi kagesi emangqamuzaneni ezinzwa futhi inciphise ukuvuvukala ohlelweni lwakho lwezinzwa. Le miphumela ehlanganisiwe idala indawo evikelayo kakhulu kuma-motor neurons akho, okungenzeka ukuthi yehlisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Riluzole?

Thatha i-riluzole ngendlela udokotela wakho ayichaza ngayo, ngokuvamile ithebhulethi eyodwa engu-50mg kabili ngosuku, cishe ngamahora angu-12 ngaphandle. Umthamo ojwayelekile wansuku zonke ongu-100mg, kodwa udokotela wakho angase alungise lokhu ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zakho.

Kungcono ukuthatha i-riluzole esiswini esingenalutho, okungenani ihora elilodwa ngaphambi kokudla noma amahora amabili ngemva kokudla. Ukudla kunganciphisa ukuthi umzimba wakho umunca kangakanani umuthi, okwenza ungasebenzi kahle.

Zama ukuthatha imithamo yakho ngezikhathi ezifanayo nsuku zonke ukuze ugcine amazinga aqinile ohlelweni lwakho. Abantu abaningi bakuthola kuwusizo ukusetha izikhumbuzi zocingo noma basebenzise umhleli wamaphilisi ukuze bahambisane neshejuli yabo yokulinganisa.

Gwinya amaphilisi wonke ngengilazi yamanzi egcwele. Ungawachobozi, uwahlafune, noma uwaphule amaphilisi, ngoba lokhu kungathinta indlela umuthi okhululwa ngayo emzimbeni wakho.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Eside Kangakanani I-Riluzole?

I-Riluzole ngokuvamile iyindlela yokwelapha yesikhathi eside ozoqhubeka uyithatha uma nje isaqhubeka nokuba yinzuzo futhi yamukeleka kahle. Abantu abaningi abane-ALS bathatha lo muthi izinyanga kuya eminyakeni, kuye ngokuthi ukuqhubeka kwesifo sabo.

Udokotela wakho uzohlola njalo ukuthi usabela kanjani emuthini futhi ahlole noma yimaphi ama-side effects. Bazohlola ukuthi i-riluzole iyaqhubeka yini nokuhlinzeka ngenzuzo ebalulekile njengoba isimo sakho sishintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ungayeki ukuthatha i-riluzole ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokuxoxa ngayo neqembu lakho lezempilo kuqala. Noma ngabe awuboni ngcono ngokushesha, umuthi usengase unikeze imiphumela ebalulekile yokuvikela amaseli akho emizwa.

Yiziphi Izinkinga Zomzimba Ze-Riluzole?

Abantu abaningi bayamukela kahle i-riluzole, kodwa njengayo yonke imithi, ingabangela imiphumela emibi. Ukuqonda okulindelekile kungakusiza ukuthi uzizwe ulungiseleleke kakhulu futhi wazi ukuthi ungaxhumana nini nodokotela wakho.

Nawa ama-side effects avamile ongase uwathole, athinta cishe u-10-20% wabantu abathatha i-riluzole:

• Ukucasuka kwesisu nokucasuka kwesisu
• Ubuthakathaka noma ukukhathala
• Isiyezi noma ukukhathala
• Ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
• Ukuqunjelwa
• Ukuzwa ukuluma ezandleni noma ezinyaweni

Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuba mnene futhi zivame ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi emasontweni ambalwa okuqala.

Ama-side effects angavamile kodwa angathi sína angase avele, nakuba ethinta ngaphansi kuka-5% wabantu abathatha i-riluzole:

• Izinkinga zesibindi (ukukhuphuka kwama-enzyme esibindi)
• Ukungezwani komzimba okukhulu
• Izinkinga zamaphaphu noma ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Ukuphuma kwegazi okungavamile noma ukulimala
• Ukukhathala okukhulu noma ubuthakathaka

Udokotela wakho uzoqapha ukusebenza kwesibindi sakho ngezivivinyo zegazi ezivamile, ngokuvamile njalo ngenyanga ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala, bese kuthi njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu ngemva kwalokho.

Ama-side effects angavamile kodwa angathi sína adinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha afaka:

• Izimpawu zomonakalo wesibindi (ukuluhlaza kwesikhumba noma amehlo, umchamo omnyama, ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu)
• Ukungezwani komzimba okukhulu (ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala kobuso noma umphimbo)
• Umkhuhlane ongachazeki onezimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane
• Ukhwehlela okuqhubekayo noma ubunzima bokuphefumula

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ezinzima, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha noma funa ukunakekelwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo.

Ubani Ongafanele Athatha I-Riluzole?

I-Riluzole ayifanele wonke umuntu, futhi izimo ezithile zezokwelapha noma izimo zingenza kungaphephile kuwe. Udokotela wakho uzobukeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokukuyalela lo muthi.

Akufanele uthathe i-riluzole uma wazi ukuthi unokungezwani komzimba nomuthi noma yiziphi izithako zawo. Izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba zingabandakanya ukuqubuka, ukuluma, ukuvuvukala, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula.

Abantu abanezifo zesibindi ezinzima noma ama-enzyme esibindi aphakeme kakhulu kufanele bagweme i-riluzole, njengoba umuthi ungaqhubeka nokucindezela ukusebenza kwesibindi. Udokotela wakho uzohlola ukusebenza kwesibindi sakho ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa.

Ukuqapha okukhethekile kuyadingeka uma une:

• Isifo sezinso noma ukusebenza kwezinso okuncishisiwe
• Umlando wezinkinga zamaphaphu noma ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Izifo zegazi noma izinkinga zokujiya kwegazi
• Umlando wokungezwani komzimba okukhulu emithini

Ukukhulelwa nokuncelisa kufuna ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela, njengoba imiphumela ye-riluzole ezinganeni ezisakhulayo ingaziwa ngokugcwele. Udokotela wakho uzokala izinzuzo ezingaba khona ngokumelene nezingozi ezingenzeka.

Ubudala bodwa abuvimbeli ukusetshenziswa kwe-riluzole, kodwa abadala bangase badinge ukuqapha okuseduze ngenxa yokwanda kokuzwela emiphumeleni emibi kanye nokusebenzisana okungenzeka neminye imithi.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Riluzole

I-Riluzole itholakala ngaphansi kwamagama amaningi omkhiqizo, i-Rilutek iyigama lomkhiqizo wokuqala elaziwa kakhulu. Lokhu kwakuyinguqulo yokuqala ye-riluzole eyavunywa yi-FDA yokwelashwa kwe-ALS.

I-Tiglutik elinye igama lomkhiqizo le-riluzole, kodwa liza njengokumiswa ngomlomo (uketshezi) kunamaphilisi. Lolu hlobo lungasiza abantu abanobunzima bokugwinya amaphilisi ngenxa yokuqhubeka kwe-ALS.

Izinhlobo ze-riluzole ezivamile nazo ziyatholakala kabanzi futhi ziqukethe isithako esisebenzayo esifanayo nezinhlobo ezinamagama omkhiqizo. Lezi zinketho ezivamile ngokuvamile zishibhile ngenkathi zinikeza ukusebenza okulinganayo.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Riluzole

Njengamanje, i-riluzole isahlala ingenye yemithi eyinhloko evunywe ngokuqondile ukwelapha i-ALS. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinketho zokwelapha ziyatholakala ezingasetshenziswa kanye noma esikhundleni se-riluzole ezimweni ezithile.

I-Edaravone (igama lomkhiqizo i-Radicava) ngomunye umuthi ovunywe yi-FDA we-ALS osebenza ngendlela ehlukile ku-riluzole. Inikezwa njengokumnika ngomthambo futhi ingasetshenziswa ngokuhlangana ne-riluzole kwabanye abantu.

I-Sodium phenylbutyrate-taurursodiol (igama lomkhiqizo i-Relyvrio) ngumuthi omusha owathola imvume ye-FDA yokwelapha i-ALS. Ihlanganisa izinhlanganisela ezimbili ezingasiza ukuvikela amaseli ezinzwa ngemishini ehlukene.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi ancome ukwelashwa okusekelayo okufana ne-physical therapy, i-occupational therapy, i-speech therapy, noma ukusekelwa kokudla okunomsoco. Lezi zindlela azithathi indawo ye-riluzole kodwa zingathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lempilo kanye nokwelashwa ngemithi.

Ingabe i-Riluzole ingcono kune-Edaravone?

I-Riluzole ne-edaravone zisebenza ngemishini ehlukene, ngakho ukuqathanisa ngokuqondile akulula. Yomibili imithi ikhombise izinzuzo ezivivinyweni zemitholampilo, kodwa ivikela amaseli ezinzwa ngezindlela ezehlukene.

I-Riluzole ngokuvamile kulula ukuyisebenzisa njengoba kungumuthi womlomo owuthatha ekhaya kabili ngosuku. I-Edaravone idinga ukumnika ngomthambo endaweni yokunakekelwa kwezempilo, okungathatha isikhathi esiningi futhi kungakhululeki.

Abanye abantu bangazuza ngokuthatha imithi yomibili ndawonye, njengoba iqondiswe ezicini ezihlukene zokuqhubeka kwe-ALS. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela isimo sakho esithile, isigaba sesifo, kanye nempilo yonke lapho encoma indlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha.

Ukunquma phakathi kwale mithi kuvame ukuncika ezintweni ezingokoqobo njengokuthi ukwazi ukuhamba ukuze uthole ukumnika, ukumbozwa komshwalense, nokuthi ukubekezelela kahle kangakanani imiphumela emibi yomuthi ngamunye.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Riluzole

Ingabe i-Riluzole iphephile kubantu abanezifo zenhliziyo?

I-Riluzole ngokuvamile ithathwa njengephephile kubantu abanezifo zenhliziyo, njengoba ingayithinti ngqo ukusebenza kwenhliziyo. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho uzofuna ukukuqapha eduze uma unezimo ze-cardiovascular.

Umuthi ngezinye izikhathi ungabangela isiyezi noma ukukhathala, okungase kuqashelwe kakhulu uma usuvele uthatha imithi yenhliziyo. Udokotela wakho kungadingeka ukuthi alungise umthamo noma isikhathi semithi yakho ehlukahlukene ukuze anciphise ukuxhumana.

Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuzile i-Riluzole eningi ngengozi?

Uma ngengozi uphuza i-riluzole eningi kunaleyo ebekiwe, xhumana nodokotela wakho noma isikhungo sokulawula ubuthi ngokushesha. Ukuphuza okuningi kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi engathi sína, ikakhulu izinkinga zesibindi.

Ungazami ukuthi "ukulungisa" umthamo owengeziwe ngokweqa umthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe. Kunalokho, qhubeka neshejuli yakho ejwayelekile yokulinganisa futhi wazise ithimba lakho lezempilo ukuthi kwenzekeni ukuze likuqaphe ngendlela efanele.

Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo we-Riluzole?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo we-riluzole, yithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, uma nje kungesona isikhathi esiseduze nomthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe. Uma kungaphakathi kwamahora angu-6 omthamo wakho olandelayo, weqa umthamo ophuthelwe futhi uqhubeke neshejuli yakho ejwayelekile.

Ungaphuzi imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ulungise umthamo ongekho, ngoba lokhu kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi. Setha izikhumbuzi ocingweni lwakho noma usebenzise umhleli wamaphilisi ukukusiza ukuthi ukhumbule imithamo yakho ngokuqhubekayo.

Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-Riluzole?

Isinqumo sokuyeka i-riluzole kufanele senziwe ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokubonisana nodokotela wakho. Ungase ucabange ukuyeka uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi engathuthuki, noma uma imithi ingasabonakali inikeza inzuzo.

Udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukuthi ulinganise izinzuzo ezingaba khona zokuqhubeka nokwelashwa ngokumelene nanoma iyiphi ingozi noma imiphumela emibi oyitholayo. Bangase baphakamise ukuzama ukulungiswa komthamo noma amanye amaqhinga ngaphambi kokuyeka ngokuphelele.

Ngingakwazi yini ukuphuza utshwala ngenkathi ngithatha i-Riluzole?

Kungcono ukukhawulela noma ukugwema utshwala ngenkathi uthatha i-riluzole, njengoba zombili lezi zinto zingawuthinta isibindi sakho. Ukuzihlanganisa kungase kwandise ingozi yakho yezinkinga zesibindi futhi kungase kubhebhethekise imiphumela emibi efana nesiyezi noma ukukhathala.

Uma ukhetha ukuphuza ngezikhathi ezithile, xoxa ngalokhu nodokotela wakho kuqala. Bangase bancomise ukuqapha okwengeziwe komsebenzi wesibindi noma baphakamise imikhawulo ethile esekelwe esimweni sakho sempilo.