Yini Umgomo Wokugomela i-COVID-19 (I-Adenovirus Vector - Janssen)? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Nokwelashwa Ekhaya

Umjovo wokugomela i-COVID-19 usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-adenovirus vector yi-Janssen ngumgomo owodwa okusiza ukuvikela ekuguleni okukhulu kwe-COVID-19. Lo mgomo usebenzisa igciwane eliguquliwe lomkhuhlane ovamile (i-adenovirus) njengohlelo lokuletha ukufundisa amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi aqaphele futhi alwe negciwane le-SARS-CoV-2 elibangela i-COVID-19.

Ngokungafani neminye imigomo ye-COVID-19 edinga imithamo emibili, umgomo we-Janssen unikeza ukuvikelwa ngomjovo owodwa nje. Umgomo uhlolwe ngokucophelela futhi wavunywa yiziphathimandla zezempilo emhlabeni wonke ukusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yakho yokulaliswa esibhedlela nokufa ngenxa ye-COVID-19.

Yini Umgomo Wokugomela i-COVID-19 (I-Adenovirus Vector - Janssen)?

Umjovo wokugomela i-COVID-19 we-Janssen ngumgomo we-viral vector osebenzisa i-adenovirus eguquliwe ukuletha imiyalelo yofuzo emangqamuzaneni akho. I-adenovirus isebenza njengemoto yokuletha, ithwele ipulani lokwenza ucezu lwephrotheni ye-coronavirus spike emangqamuzaneni akho emisipha.

Uma amangqamuzana akho esethola le miyalelo, akhiqiza iphrotheni ye-spike, amasosha akho omzimba ayibona njengengaphandle. Umzimba wakho bese udala ama-antibody futhi usebenzise ezinye izimpendulo zokuzivikela ukuvikela uma uveziwe egciwaneni langempela le-COVID-19 kamuva.

I-adenovirus esetshenziswe kulomgomo ayikwazi ukuziphinda emzimbeni wakho futhi ayikwazi ukukwenza ugule. Ishintshwe ngqo ukuthi iphephe ngenkathi iseyindlela yokuletha esebenzayo yomgomo.

Kuzizwa kanjani ukuthola Umgomo Wokugomela i-COVID-19 (I-Adenovirus Vector - Janssen)?

Ukuthola umgomo we-Janssen COVID-19 kuzizwa kufana nokuthola noma yimuphi omunye umjovo we-intramuscular. Uzozwa ukuchofoza okusheshayo noma ukushaya lapho inaliti ingena emsipheni wakho ongaphezulu wengalo, kulandelwe umzuzwana omfushane wokucindezela njengoba umgomo ujovwa.

Ukujova ngokwako kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa nje. Abantu abaningi bachaza ukuzwa njengokufana nokuthola umjovo womkhuhlane noma omunye umgomo ojwayelekile. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo cishe uzokucela ukuthi uhlale phansi noma ulale phansi ngesikhathi sokujova ukuze akusize uzizwe ukhululekile.

Ngemuva kokujova, ungase uqaphele ubumnene obuthile obusheshayo noma ubuhlungu obuncane endaweni yokujova. Lokhu kujwayelekile ngokuphelele futhi kubonisa ukuthi amasosha akho omzimba aqala ukuphendula emgomeni.

Yini ebangela imiphumela emibi evela ku-COVID-19 Vaccine (Adenovirus Vector - Janssen)?

Imiphumela emibi evela emgomeni we-Janssen COVID-19 yenzeka ngoba amasosha akho omzimba aphendula emgomeni futhi afunda ukukuvikela. Lapho amaseli akho ekhiqiza iphrotheni ye-spike, amasosha akho omzimba ayibona njengento engajwayelekile futhi aqala ukwakha izivikelo.

Lokhu kusabela kwamasosha omzimba kungabangela ukuvuvukala endaweni yokujova nasemzimbeni wakho wonke. Ukuvuvukala empeleni kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi amasosha akho omzimba asebenza kahle futhi athuthukisa ukuvikelwa okudingayo ngokumelene ne-COVID-19.

Ukusabela komzimba wakho ku-adenovirus vector ngokwawo kungahle kube nomthelela emiphumeleni emibi. Noma ngabe i-adenovirus ishintshiwe futhi iphephile, amasosha akho omzimba angase asabele kuyo njengoba enza kunoma iyiphi into engajwayelekile engena emzimbeni wakho.

Yini imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ye-COVID-19 Vaccine (Adenovirus Vector - Janssen)?

Abantu abaningi abathola umgomo we-Janssen COVID-19 bahlangabezana nemiphumela emibi emincane kuya kwemaphakathi esombuluka yodwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Le miphumela emibi iyizimpawu ezijwayelekile zokuthi umzimba wakho wakha ukuvikelwa ngokumelene ne-COVID-19.

Nawa amanye imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ongase uyithole:

• Ubuhlungu, ububomvu, noma ukuvuvukala endaweni yokujova
• Ukukhathala noma ukuzizwa ukhathele
• Ikhanda
• Ukulimala kwemisipha
• Amaqhwa
• Umkhuhlane
• Isicanucanu
• Ubuhlungu emalungeni

Lezi zimo ezibangelwa imithi ngokuvamile ziqala phakathi nosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili ngemuva kokugonywa futhi zivame ukuhlala izinsuku eziyi-1-3. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi imithi yokwelapha ubuhlungu etholakala ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela nokuphumula kusiza ukuphatha lezi zimpawu ngempumelelo.

Yiziphi izimo ezingavamile ezibangelwa umuthi wokugoma i-COVID-19 (Adenovirus Vector - Janssen)?

Nakuba kungavamile, abanye abantu bangase babe nezimo ezingathi sína ezibangelwa umuthi wokugoma i-Janssen COVID-19. Lezi zimo ezingavamile zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha futhi ziye zaqashwa ngokucophelela yiziphathimandla zezempilo.

Umphumela ohambisana nomuthi ongavamile kakhulu yi-thrombosis ene-thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS), ebandakanya amahlule egazi ahlanganiswe nenani eliphansi lama-platelet. Lesi simo senzeka cishe ezimweni eziyi-3-4 kumamiliyoni amadosi anikeziwe, ngokuvamile phakathi kwamasonto ayi-1-2 ngemuva kokugonywa.

Ezinye izimo ezingavamile kodwa ezingathi sína zihlanganisa:

• Ukungezwani komzimba okukhulu (i-anaphylaxis)
• I-Guillain-Barré syndrome (ubuthakathaka bemisipha besikhashana nokukhubazeka)
• Amahule egazi ezindaweni ezingavamile
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu eliqhubekayo elibuhlungu
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu
• Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ubuhlungu besifuba

Abahlinzeki bezempilo baqeqeshwe ukubona nokwelapha lezi zinkinga ezingavamile. Izinzuzo zokugonywa ziqhubeka zidlula izingozi kubantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi labo abasengozini enkulu ye-COVID-19 engathi sína.

Ingabe imiphumela emibi evela kuMuthi Wokugoma i-COVID-19 (Adenovirus Vector - Janssen) inganyamalala yodwa?

Yebo, iningi elikhulu lezimo ezibangelwa umuthi wokugoma i-Janssen COVID-19 zixazululeka zodwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile efana nobuhlungu endaweni yokujova, ukukhathala, nomkhuhlane olula ngokuvamile inyamalala phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-1-3.

Umzimba wakho ngokwemvelo unciphisa ukusabela okusha njengoba amasosha akho omzimba eqeda ukusabela kwawo kokuqala emuthini wokugoma. Ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala endaweni yokujova kuvame ukufinyelela ezingeni eliphezulu phakathi kwamahora angama-24-48 bese kululama kancane kancane.

Noma kunjalo, kufanele ufune ukwelashwa uma imiphumela emibi iba yimbi kunokuthuthuka, ihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto elilodwa, noma uma uba nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezikhathazayo njengezinhlungu zekhanda ezinzima, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula.

Ungayelapha kanjani ekhaya imiphumela emibi evela kuMithi Wokugomela i-COVID-19 (Adenovirus Vector - Janssen)?

Ungakwazi ukuphatha imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile evela emgomeni we-Janssen COVID-19 ngokuphepha ekhaya ngezinyathelo ezilula zokunethezeka. Lokhu kwelashwa kwasekhaya kungakusiza ukuthi uzizwe ukhululekile ngenkathi umzimba wakho wakha ukuzivikela emzimbeni.

Ukuze uthole ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala endaweni yokujova, zama lezi zindlela ezithambile:

• Sebenzisa indwangu ehlanzekile, ebandayo, emanzi endaweni yokujova imizuzu engu-10-15
• Sebenzisa ingalo yakho ngendlela ejwayelekile ukuvimbela ukuqina
• Thatha izidambisi zentlungu ezingathengwa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela njenge-acetaminophen noma i-ibuprofen
• Gwema ukuhlikihla noma ukubhucunga indawo yokujova

Ukuze uthole ukungakhululeki okujwayelekile njengomkhuhlane, ukukhathala, noma izinhlungu zomzimba:

• Thola ukuphumula nokulala okuningi
• Phuza uketshezi olwengeziwe ukuze uhlale unamanzi
• Gqoka izingubo ezilula uma unomkhuhlane
• Thatha imithi engathengwa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela njengoba kuqondiswe ephaketheni

Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zasekhaya kufanele zikusize uzizwe ungcono ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Khumbula ukuthi ukuzwa imiphumela emibi kuyinto ejwayelekile futhi kubonisa ukuthi amasosha akho omzimba aphendula ngendlela efanele emgomeni.

Yini ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kwemiphumela emibi evela kuMithi Wokugomela i-COVID-19 (Adenovirus Vector - Janssen)?

Ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kwemiphumela emibi evela emgomeni we-Janssen COVID-19 kuncike ekuphenduleni okutholayo. Abahlinzeki bezempilo basekele imithetho eqondile yokuphatha kokubili ukusabela okujwayelekile okunzima kanye nezinkinga ezingavamile.

Ngezinhlobo ezinzima zokungezwani komzimba (i-anaphylaxis), amaqembu odokotela anikeza ukwelashwa ngokushesha nge-epinephrine neminye imithi ephuthumayo. Bazoqapha ukuphefumula kwakho, umfutho wegazi, nesilinganiso senhliziyo ngenkathi besekela amasistimu omzimba wakho kuze kube yilapho ukusabela kuphela.

Nge-thrombosis ene-thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS), odokotela basebenzisa izinciphisi zegazi ezikhethekile kanye nokwelashwa okuhlukile emithini ejwayelekile yokunciphisa amahlule. Ukwelashwa kungabandakanya i-intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) kanye nama-anticoagulants athile asebenza ngokuphepha ngisho nangamanani aphansi e-platelet.

Uma uthola i-Guillain-Barré syndrome, ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuhilela ukushintshaniswa kwe-plasma noma i-immunoglobulin therapy ukusiza ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala okuthinta imizwa yakho. I-physical therapy nokunakekelwa okusekelayo kusiza ukuphatha izimpawu ngesikhathi sokululama.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ngemva kokuthola Umgomo we-COVID-19 (Adenovirus Vector - Janssen)?

Kufanele uthinte umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu zemiphumela emibi engathi sína, ikakhulukazi emasontweni ambalwa okuqala ngemva kokugonywa. Nakuba ukusabela okukhulu kungavamile, ukubonwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokwelashwa kubalulekile ukuze kutholakale imiphumela engcono kakhulu.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha uma uthola lezi zimpawu zokuxwayisa:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu elingathuthuki ngemithi yokwelapha ubuhlungu engathengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela
• Ukuphalaza okuqhubekayo
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu
• Ukuvuvukala komlenze noma ubuhlungu
• Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukulimala kalula noma amachashaza abomvu amancane esikhumbeni sakho
• Umbono ongacacile noma ukuquleka

Futhi xhumana nodokotela wakho uma imiphumela emibi evamile efana nomkhuhlane, ukukhathala, noma ubuhlungu endaweni yokujova iba yimbi ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala noma ihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto elilodwa. Nakuba lokhu kungavamile, kungcono ukuba nezimpawu zihlolwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunakekelwa okufanele.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zokuthuthukisa imiphumela emibi evela kuMgomo we-COVID-19 (Adenovirus Vector - Janssen)?

Izici eziningana zingase zithinte amathuba akho okuba nemiphumela emibi evela emgomeni we-Janssen COVID-19. Ukuqonda lezi zici eziyingozi kungakusiza kanye nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuthi nenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokugonywa.

Ubudala bubonakala bunendima, njengoba abantu abadala abasebancane bengase babe nethuba elikhulu lokuba nemiphumela emibi efana nokukhathala, ikhanda, nobuhlungu bemisipha. Abantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-50 bavame ukuba nokusabela okunamandla komzimba, okungaholela emiphumeleni emibi ebonakalayo.

Izici ezingase zikhuphule ingozi yakho zihlanganisa:

• Ukuba ngowesifazane (ingozi ephezulu kancane yeminye imiphumela emibi)
• Umlando wezimo ze-autoimmune
• Ukuphuza imithi ethile ethinta ukusebenza komzimba
• Uke waba nokutheleleka nge-COVID-19 ngaphambilini
• Umlando wezifo zokuqina kwegazi
• Ukuba ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-50 (ye-TTS ngokuqondile)

Nokho, ukuba nezici eziyingozi akusho ukuthi nakanjani uzoba nemiphumela emibi. Abantu abaningi bawuthola kahle umgomo kungakhathaliseki izici zabo eziyingozi.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona zomgomo we-COVID-19 (Adenovirus Vector - Janssen)?

Ngenkathi izinkinga ezivela emgomeni we-Janssen COVID-19 zingavamile, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi zingabandakanyani. Izinkinga eziningi ziyelapheka uma zibonwa ngokushesha futhi zilawulwa ochwepheshe bezempilo.

Inkinga enkulu kakhulu yi-thrombosis ene-thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS), engaholela ekushayweni unhlangothi, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, noma okunye ukulimala kwamalungu uma kungelashwa ngokushesha. Lesi simo sidinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile nokuqapha ngokucophelela esibhedlela.

Ezinye izinkinga ezingaba khona zihlanganisa:

• Ukuphendula okubi kakhulu komzimba okudinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo
• Amaqhubu egazi ezindaweni ezingavamile njengobuchopho noma isisu
• Izimpawu eziqhubekayo ze-neurological ezivela ku-Guillain-Barré syndrome
• Ukutheleleka kwesibili endaweni yokujova (akavamile kakhulu)
• Ukusabela okuqhubekayo kwamasosha omzimba

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lezi zinkinga zivamile kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nezinkinga ezivela ekuthelelekeni nge-COVID-19 ngokwayo. Abahlinzeki bezempilo baqhubeka nokuqapha ukuphepha komgomo futhi banezinhlelo zokuthola ngokushesha nokwelapha noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingase zivele.

Ingabe Umgomo we-COVID-19 (Adenovirus Vector - Janssen) muhle noma mubi ekuvikeleni i-COVID-19?

Umgomo we-Janssen COVID-19 muhle ekuvikeleni i-COVID-19 ebucayi, ukulaliswa esibhedlela, nokufa. Izivivinyo zomtholampilo zakhombisa ukuthi umgomo usebenza cishe ngama-66% ekuvikeleni ukugula okumaphakathi kuya kokubucayi kwe-COVID-19 futhi usebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvikeleni imiphumela ebucayi.

Umgomo unikeza ukuvikeleka okuqinile ekulalisweni esibhedlela nokufa yi-COVID-19, okuyizinto eziyingozi kakhulu zokutheleleka. Lokhu kuvikeleka kuhlala kubalulekile ngisho nalapho kuvela izinhlobo ezintsha zegciwane, nakuba ukusebenza kahle kungase kuhluke.

Ngenkathi umgomo ungase ungavimbeli zonke izimo zokutheleleka nge-COVID-19, unciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokugula kakhulu. Abantu abagonyiwe futhi abasathole ukutheleleka ngokuvamile baba nezimpawu ezithambile futhi bathole ngokushesha kunalabo abangagonyiwe.

Ubulula bomthamo owodwa womgomo we-Janssen buwenza busebenze ikakhulukazi kubantu abanobunzima bokufinyelela ukunakekelwa kwezempilo noma ukubuyela emithini yesibili. Lesi sici sokufinyeleleka sinomthelela emvuzweni wayo jikelele wezempilo yomphakathi.

Yini imiphumela emibi evela ku-COVID-19 Vaccine (Adenovirus Vector - Janssen) engase ididaniswe nayo?

Imiphumela emibi evela kumgomo we-Janssen COVID-19 ngezinye izikhathi ingase ididaniswe nezinye izifo noma izimo ezivamile. Lokhu kudideka kuyaqondakala ngoba imiphumela eminingi emibi yomgomo ifana nezimpawu zokutheleleka ngegciwane noma ezinye izinkinga zempilo.

Ukuhlanganiswa kokukhathala, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukuqaqamba kwemisipha, nomkhuhlane ovela emgomeni kungase kudidaniswe kalula nomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane ojwayelekile. Abanye abantu bakhathazeka ngokuthi empeleni sebethole i-COVID-19, kodwa umgomo awukwazi ukubangela ukutheleleka nge-COVID-19.

Ukuphazamiseka okuvamile kufaka phakathi:

• Izimpawu zomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane ojwayelekile (umkhuhlane, ukukhathala, ukuqaqamba komzimba)
• Ubuthi bokudla (isicanucanu, ukukhathala)
• Ukuphendula kokucindezeleka noma ukukhathazeka (ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukukhathala)
• Ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile zonyaka (ukukhathala, ikhanda elibuhlungu)
• Imiphumela yokungalali kahle (ukukhathala, ubunzima bokugxila)

Umehluko omkhulu yisikhathi - imiphumela emibi yomgomo ngokuvamile iqala phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-1-2 ngemuva kokugonywa futhi ixazululwe ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Uma izimpawu ziqhubeka isikhathi eside noma ziba zimbi, kufanelekile ukucabangela ezinye izimbangela futhi uthintane nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nomgomo we-COVID-19 (Adenovirus Vector - Janssen)

Ngingayithola i-COVID-19 emgomeni we-Janssen?

Cha, awukwazi ukuthola i-COVID-19 emgomeni we-Janssen. Umgomo usebenzisa i-adenovirus eguquliwe engakwazi ukuziphinda emzimbeni wakho futhi ayiqukethe igciwane elibukhoma le-SARS-CoV-2. Umgomo ufundisa amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi aqaphele i-coronavirus ngaphandle kokubangela lesi sifo sangempela.

Kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani ukuvikeleka emgomeni we-Janssen?

Ukuvikeleka emgomeni we-Janssen kubonakala kuhlala izinyanga eziningana, ngocwaningo olukhombisa ukuqhubeka kokusebenza okungenani izinyanga eziyi-6-8 ngemuva kokugonywa. Kodwa-ke, ukuvikeleka kungancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi imijovo yokuthuthukisa ingase inconywe ukuze kugcinwe ukuzivikela okuhle, ikakhulu njengoba kuvela izinhlobo ezintsha.

Ngingathatha izidambisi zokucasuka ngaphambi kokuthola umgomo we-Janssen?

Ngokuvamile kutuswa ukuthi ungazithathi izidambisi zinhlungu ngaphambi kokugonywa ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ekweluleka ngqo. Ukuthatha imithi efana ne-acetaminophen noma i-ibuprofen ngaphambi kokugonywa kunganciphisa impendulo yakho yomzimba emgomeni. Kodwa-ke, ungalithatha le mithi ngemuva kokugonywa ukuze ulawule imiphumela emibi.

Ingabe umgomo we-Janssen uphephe ngabantu abanezifo zokungezwani komzimba?

Umgomo we-Janssen uphephe kubantu abaningi abanezifo zokungezwani komzimba, okuhlanganisa ukungezwani komzimba okujwayelekile kokudla, ukungezwani komzimba kwesizini, nokungezwani komzimba emithini. Kodwa-ke, uma unomlando wokungezwani komzimba okukhulu emgomeni noma ezingxenyeni zawo, xoxa ngalokhu nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngaphambi kokugonywa. Bangakwazi ukusiza ukunquma ukuthi kuphephile yini kuwe futhi bangase batusa ukuqapha okwengeziwe.

Ngingathola yini umgomo we-Janssen uma sengivele ngibe ne-COVID-19?

Yebo, usengathola umgomo ngisho noma uke waba ne-COVID-19. Ukutheleleka kwemvelo kunikeza ukuzivikela okuthile, kodwa ukugonywa kusiza ukukhulisa nokwelula ukuvikeleka kwakho. Umgomo ungase unikeze ukuvikeleka okubanzi ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zegciwane kunokutheleleka kwemvelo kuphela. Iziphathimandla eziningi zezempilo zincoma ukulinda uze ululame ekuguleni okukhulu ngaphambi kokugonywa.