Yini i-SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Vaccine mRNA (Moderna): Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni Nokunye

Umuthi wokugoma i-Moderna COVID-19 ngumuthi wokugoma we-mRNA okusiza ukuvikela i-COVID-19 ebangelwa yi-virus ye-SARS-CoV-2. Lo muthi wokugoma ufundisa amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi angayibona futhi alwele leli gciwane ngaphandle kokubangela lesi sifo sangempela.

Ithuthukiswe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-messenger RNA, lo muthi wokugoma uhlolwe ngokucophelela futhi waba nempumelelo ekuvikeleni ukugula okukhulu kwe-COVID-19, ukulaliswa esibhedlela, nokufa. Unikezwa njengomjovo emsipheni wakho ongaphezulu wengalo futhi usize izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke ukuthi zakhe ukuzivikela emzimbeni ngokumelene ne-COVID-19.

Yini Umuthi Wokugoma i-Moderna COVID-19?

Umuthi wokugoma i-Moderna COVID-19 ngumuthi wokugoma we-mRNA (messenger RNA) oqukethe imiyalelo yofuzo yamaseli akho ukuthi enze ucezu olungenangozi lwephrotheni ye-spike etholakala ku-virus ye-SARS-CoV-2. Uma amaseli akho esenza le phrotheni, amasosha akho omzimba ayayibona njengengaphandle futhi akhe ama-antibody okulwa nayo.

Lo muthi wokugoma awuqukethe noma yiliphi igciwane eliphilayo, ngakho-ke ngeke likunikeze i-COVID-19. Kunalokho, usebenza njengencwadi yokufundisa amasosha akho omzimba, ewafundisa ukuthi angayibona futhi asabele kanjani egciwaneni langempela uma uveziwe kamuva.

Umuthi wokugoma usebenzisa ama-nanoparticles e-lipid ukuletha i-mRNA ngokuphepha emseleni wakho. Lezi zinhlayiyana ezinamafutha amancane zivikela i-mRNA futhi ziyisize ukuthi ingene emaseleni akho lapho ingenza khona umsebenzi wayo wokufundisa ukukhiqizwa kwamaprotheni.

Yini Umuthi Wokugoma i-Moderna COVID-19 Osetshenziselwa Yona?

Umuthi wokugoma i-Moderna COVID-19 usetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukuvimbela isifo se-COVID-19 kubantu abaneminyaka engu-6 ubudala nangaphezulu. Kusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yakho yokutheleleka nge-SARS-CoV-2 futhi kwehlisa kakhulu amathuba akho okuthuthukisa ukugula okukhulu uma utheleleka.

Lo mgomo ubaluleke kakhulu ekuvikeleni izinkinga ezinzima ze-COVID-19, okuhlanganisa umkhuhlane wamaphaphu, ukwehluleka kwezitho zomzimba, nokufa. Futhi usebenza ekunciphiseni ukudluliselwa kwegciwane kwabanye, okusiza ukuvikela umndeni wakho nomphakathi.

Umjovo unconywa kubantu abaningi, okuhlanganisa nalabo abanezimo zempilo ezingaphansi njengesifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, noma amasistimu omzimba angavikelekile kahle. Udokotela wakho angase awuncome njengengxenye yokunakekelwa kwakho okuvamile kokuvimbela, ikakhulu uma usengozini enkulu ye-COVID-19 enzima.

Isebenza Kanjani Umgomo we-Moderna COVID-19?

Umjovo we-Moderna usebenza ngokuletha imiyalelo ye-mRNA emangqamuzaneni emisipha yakho, okuthi kamuva akhiqize amakhophi e-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Lokhu kuthathwa njengendlela eqinile nephumelelayo yokwakha ukuzivikela ngoba kuqala kokubili ukukhiqizwa kwama-antibody kanye nokuphendula kwe-T-cell.

Uma amangqamuzana akho esenza i-spike protein, amasistimu akho omzimba aqaphela ukuthi ingeyangaphandle bese eqala ukukhiqiza ama-antibody nokwenza amangqamuzana omzimba asebenze. Le nqubo ngokuvamile ithatha amasonto amabili ngemuva kokugonywa ukuze ifinyelele ekusebenzeni ngokugcwele.

I-mRNA emgomeni ihlakazwa ngamaseli akho ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, kodwa ukuzivikela okudalayo kungahlala izinyanga. Amasistimu akho omzimba akhumbula ukuthi angalwa kanjani negciwane ngamaseli enkumbulo ahlala emzimbeni wakho isikhathi eside ngemuva kokugonywa.

Kufanele Ngiwuthathaphi Umgomo we-Moderna COVID-19?

Umjovo we-Moderna COVID-19 unikezwa njengomjovo emsipheni wengalo yakho engenhla ngumhlinzeki wezempilo. Akudingeki ukuthi wenze lutho olukhethekile ukulungiselela ukugonywa, futhi ungadla futhi uphuze ngokujwayelekile ngaphambi nangemva.

Ochungechungeni oluyinhloko, abantu abaningi bathola imithamo emibili enikezwa ngamaviki angu-4 kuya kwangu-8 ehlukene. Umthamo wokuqala uqala ukwakha ukuzivikela kwakho, kuyilapho umthamo wesibili uqinisa futhi uqedela ukuvikelwa kwakho kokuqala.

Kufanele uhlale endaweni yokugoma imizuzu engaba ngu-15 ngemuva kokuthola umjovo ukuze abahlinzeki bezempilo bakwazi ukukuqapha nganoma yiziphi izimo eziphuthumayo. Uma unomlando wokungezwani komzimba okukhulu, kungase kudingeke ulinde imizuzu engama-30.

Akunasidingo sokuthatha imithi yokudambisa ubuhlungu ngaphambi kokugoma, njengoba lokhu kungase kuphazamise ukusabela komzimba wakho ekugomweni. Kodwa-ke, unga zithatha ngemuva kokugoma uma uzwa ukungakhululeki.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani Umgomo We-Moderna COVID-19?

Umgomo we-Moderna COVID-19 akuyona into oyithatha ngokuqhubekayo njengomuthi wansuku zonke. Esikhundleni salokho, uyawuthola njengochungechunge lwemijovo ukuze wakhe futhi ugcine ukuzivikela kwakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ngemuva kochungechunge lwakho lokuqala lwemithamo emibili, cishe uzodinga imithamo yokuthuthukisa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze ugcine ukuvikeleka okuqinile. Njengamanje, ama-booster anconywa minyaka yonke kubantu abaningi, okufana nendlela ongase uthole ngayo umjovo waminyaka yonke womkhuhlane.

Udokotela wakho uzosiza ekunqumeni isikhathi esingcono kakhulu semithamo yakho yokuthuthukisa ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yakho, izimo zempilo, kanye nemihlahlandlela yamanje yokugoma. Abanye abantu abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezibuthakathaka bangase badinge imithamo eyengeziwe noma ama-booster avamile.

Isikhathi phakathi kwemithamo nama-booster singashintsha njengoba sifunda okwengeziwe ngegciwane nokusebenza komgomo. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzokugcina unolwazi mayelana nokuthi kufanele uthole nini umthamo wakho olandelayo.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni Yomgomo We-Moderna COVID-19?

Abantu abaningi bahlangabezana nemiphumela emincane noma ephakathi nendawo ngemuva kokuthola umgomo we-Moderna, okubonisa ngempela ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lokuzivikela luyasabela ngendlela efanele. Le miphumela emibi ngokuvamile ivela ngosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili futhi iyazixazulula yodwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Ake sihambe ngemiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ongase uyithole, sikhumbula ukuthi ukuba nemiphumela emibi kuvamile futhi kulindelekile:

• Ubuhlungu, ububomvu, noma ukuvuvukala endaweni yokujova
• Ukukhathala noma ukuzizwa ukhathele
• Ukucindezeleka
• Ukulimala kwemisipha noma amalunga
• Ukubanda noma ukuzizwa kubanda
• Umkhuhlane (ngokuvamile olinganiselwe)
• Isicanucanu
• Amanodi e-lymph avuvukele engalweni yakho noma entanyeni

Lezi zimo ziyindlela yomzimba wakho yokwakha ukuzivikela futhi ngokuvamile zibonakala ngemva komthamo wesibili. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi ukuphumula, ukuhlala unamanzi, kanye nemithi yokwelapha ubuhlungu etholakala ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela kusiza ekuphatheni noma yikuphi ukungakhululeki.

Ngenkathi imiphumela emibi engathi sína ingavamile, kubalulekile ukuyiqaphela. Nawa amanye amaphendulelo angavamile kodwa angathi sína adinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha:

• Ukuphendula okukhulu komzimba (i-anaphylaxis) - akuvamile kakhulu, kwenzeka cishe ezimweni eziyi-2-5 kumamiliyoni emithamo
• I-Myocarditis noma i-pericarditis (ukuqubuka kwenhliziyo) - kuvamile emadodeni amancane, ngokuvamile kulula futhi okwesikhashana
• Ukucindezeleka okukhulu noma okuqhubekayo nokushintsha kombono
• Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ubuhlungu besifuba
• Umkhuhlane oqhubekayo ophetha izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezi-3

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ezingathi sína, funa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Khumbula ukuthi lezi zimo ezinzima zivamile kakhulu kunezinkinga ezingathi sína ezingenzeka ku-COVID-19 ngokwayo.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole Umgomo we-Moderna COVID-19?

Bambalwa kakhulu abantu okufanele bagweme umgomo we-Moderna COVID-19, njengoba uphephile kubantu abaningi. Kodwa-ke, zikhona izimo ezithile lapho ungafanele uthole lo mgomo noma kufanele uxoxe ngakho ngokucophelela nodokotela wakho kuqala.

Akufanele uthole umgomo we-Moderna uma uke waba nokuphendula okukhulu komzimba kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomgomo noma kumthamo wangaphambilini wanoma yimuphi umgomo we-COVID-19. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izimo ezinzima ezinjenge-anaphylaxis ezidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo.

Nawa amaphendulelo amakhulu okufanele ugweme noma ulinde ukugonywa:

• Ukungezwani okukhulu okwaziwayo kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomgomo we-Moderna
• Ukuphendula okukhulu komzimba okwenzeke ngaphambilini kunoma yimuphi umgomo we-COVID-19
• Njengamanje uhlangabezana nokugula okuphakathi nendawo kuya kokukhulu ngomkhuhlane (lindela uze ululame)
• Ukwelashwa kwamuva ngemithi yokwelapha ngama-antibody ye-COVID-19 (udokotela wakho uzokweluleka ngesikhathi)

Uma unomlando wokungezwani okukhulu kweminye imigomo noma imithi, kungenzeka usengawuthola umgomo we-Moderna, kodwa umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase afune ukukuqapha eduze ngemva kwalokho.

Abantu abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezithintekile, abakhulelwe, noma izimo zempilo ezingapheli bangawuthola futhi kufanele bawuthole ngokuvamile umgomo, nakuba bengase badinge ukulungiswa kwamashejuli okulinganisa noma imithamo eyengeziwe ukuze bavikeleke kahle.

Amagama Omkhiqizo Womgomo we-Moderna COVID-19

Umuthi wokugoma we-Moderna COVID-19 uthengiswa ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi "Spikevax" emazweni amaningi, nakuba kusasetshenziswa igama elithi "umgomo we-Moderna." E-United States, ekuqaleni yayaziwa ngegama layo lokucwaninga elithi mRNA-1273 ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa.

Ungase ukubone kubhalwe njengokuthi "Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine" noma "Spikevax" emarekhodini okugoma kanye nemibhalo yezokwelapha. Womabili la magama abhekisela ekwakhekeni okufanayo komgomo okwakhiwe yi-Moderna, Inc.

Kukhona ukwakheka okuhlukene kwamaqembu ahlukene obudala, anezinqenqema ezithile ezenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ezinganeni uma kuqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwabantu abadala. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzoqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukwakheka okufanele iqembu lakho lobudala.

Ezinye izindlela zomgomo we-Moderna COVID-19

Eminye imigomo eminingana ye-COVID-19 iyatholakala njengezinye izindlela zomgomo we-Moderna, ngamunye onendlela yokusebenza nezici ezihlukile kancane. Ukukhetha phakathi kwemigomo kuvame ukuncika ekutholakaleni, umlando wakho wezokwelapha, nezintandokazi zakho.

Ezinye izindlela ezinkulu zihlanganisa umgomo we-Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 (omunye umgomo we-mRNA), umgomo we-Johnson & Johnson (umgomo we-viral vector), kanye neminye imigomo evunyelwe emazweni ahlukahlukene. Yonke imigomo ye-COVID-19 egunyaziwe ibonakale isebenza ekuvikeleni ukugula okukhulu nokufa.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angakusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi yimuphi umgomo ongase ube ngcono esimweni sakho. Ezimweni eziningi, umgomo ongcono kakhulu ngumgomo nje otholakala kuwe uma ufanele ukugonywa.

Ingabe i-Moderna ingcono kune-Pfizer COVID-19 Vaccine?

Bobabili imigomo ye-Moderna ne-Pfizer-BioNTech yimigomo ye-mRNA esebenza kahle kakhulu enikeza ukuvikeleka okuhle kakhulu ku-COVID-19. Izifundo zikhombisa ukuthi yomibili imigomo inamazinga okusebenza afanayo, ivimbela ukugula okukhulu, ukulaliswa esibhedlela, nokufa ngaphezu kuka-90% wabantu abagonyiwe.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwale migomo mncane. Umgomo we-Moderna ungase unikeze ukuzivikela okuhlala isikhathi eside futhi ungase usebenze kangcono kancane ezinhlobonhlobo ezithile, kanti umgomo we-Pfizer ubelokhu utholakala eminyakeni emincane ekuqaleni kobhubhane.

Ngokombono ongokoqobo, yomibili imigomo idinga imithamo emibili yokuqala kanye nezithuthukisi ngezikhathi ezithile. Imithamo ye-Moderna ihlukaniswe amasonto angu-4-8, kanti imithamo ye-Pfizer ivamise ukunikezwa amasonto angu-3-8.

Esikhundleni sokugxila kokuthi yikuphi

Abantu abanesifo sikashukela ababambe iqhaza ezivivinyweni zemitholampilo abazange babonise ingozi eyengeziwe yemiphumela emibi evela emgomeni. Umgomo ukusiza ukuvikela ku-COVID-19, okungaba yingozi ikakhulukazi uma unesifo sikashukela ngoba singenza ukulawulwa kukashukela wegazi kube kubi futhi kwandise ingozi yakho yokugula okukhulu.

Q2. Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngithola ngengozi umgomo omningi we-Moderna?

Uma ngengozi uthola umthamo owengeziwe womgomo we-Moderna, ungangeni ekuvaleni. Ngenkathi lokhu kungakwazi ukunconywa, ukuthola umthamo owengeziwe ngokuvamile akubangeli ingozi enkulu, yize ungase uhlangabezane nemiphumela emibi ebonakalayo.

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha ukuze ubike umthamo owengeziwe futhi uxoxe nganoma yiziphi izimpawu ongase uzithole. Bazofuna ukukuqapha eduze futhi bangase bancomise ukubambezela umthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe ukuze ugweme ukugonywa ngokweqile.

Gcina umkhondo wanoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi oyitholayo futhi funa ukwelashwa uma uthuthukisa izimpawu ezinzima njengobunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma izimpawu zokuphendula komzimba.

Q3. Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo wami wesibili womgomo we-Moderna?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo wakho wesibili womgomo we-Moderna, uhlele ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Akudingeki ukuthi uqale kabusha uchungechunge lomgomo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isikhathi esingakanani esidlulile kusukela kumthamo wakho wokuqala.

Ngenkathi igebe elinconyiwe phakathi kwemithamo lingamasonto angu-4-8, usengathola umthamo wakho wesibili ngisho noma sekudlule isikhathi eside. Isistimu yakho yokuzivikela emzimbeni izosabela ngendlela efanele ukuqedela uchungechunge lokugoma oluyinhloko.

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo noma indawo yokugoma ukuze uhlele kabusha i-aphoyintimenti yakho. Bangasiza ekunqumeni isikhathi esingcono kakhulu somthamo wakho wesibili ngokuya ngesimo sakho somuntu ngamunye.

Q4. Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha ama-booster omgomo we-Moderna?

Njengamanje, akukho ndlela eqondile yokugoma i-COVID-19, njengoba igciwane liqhubeka nokuguquka futhi ukuzivikela komzimba kuyancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Njengomgomo waminyaka yonke womkhuhlane, ama-booster e-COVID-19 angase abe yingxenye ejwayelekile yokunakekelwa kwezempilo kokuvimbela.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzokuqondisa ezincomweni ze-booster ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yakho, isimo sempilo, kanye nemihlahlandlela yamanje yezempilo yomphakathi. Njengoba sifunda okwengeziwe ngokuzivikela komzimba kwesikhathi eside nokuguquka kwegciwane, lezi zincomo zingashintsha.

Isinqumo mayelana nama-booster esikhathi esizayo cishe sizoxhomeka ezintweni ezifana nengozi yakho ye-COVID-19 ebucayi, ukuvela kwezinhlobo ezintsha, nokuthi ukuzivikela komzimba kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani ngemva kokugonywa.

Q5. Ngingakwazi yini ukuthola umgomo we-Moderna uma ngikhulelwe noma ngincelisa?

Yebo, umgomo we-Moderna COVID-19 uphephile futhi unconywa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa. Abantu abakhulelwe basengozini enkulu ye-COVID-19 ebucayi, okwenza ukugonywa kubaluleke kakhulu ekuvikeleni wena nomntwana wakho.

Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi imigomo ye-COVID-19 ayikwandisi ingozi yezinkinga zokukhulelwa, ukuphuphuma kwesisu, noma ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abakhulelwe abagonyiwe bangadlulisela ama-antibody okuvikela ezinganeni zabo, okuhlinzeka ngokuvikela okuthile ngesikhathi sokuzalwa.

Uma ukhulelwe noma uncelisa, xoxa ngesikhathi sokugoma nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo, ongabhekana nanoma yiziphi izinkathazo ezithile futhi akusize wenze isinqumo esingcono kakhulu sesimo sakho.