Yini umgomo we-Novavax COVID-19? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa Kwasekhaya

Umjovo we-Novavax COVID-19 ngumgomo we-protein subunit osiza ukuvikela ekuthelelekeni nge-COVID-19. Ngokungafani nemijovo ye-mRNA, lo mjovo uqukethe izingcezu zangempela ze-spike protein yegciwane elihlanganiswe ne-adjuvant (into ethuthukisa ukusabela komzimba wakho) ukusiza umzimba wakho ukuthi wakhe ukuzivikela ku-SARS-CoV-2.

Lo mjovo unikeza enye indlela kulabo bantu abathanda indlela yomgomo yendabuko. Unikezwa njengesijovo emsipheni wengalo yakho engenhla futhi usebenza ngokuqeqesha amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi aqaphele futhi alwe ne-coronavirus uma uveziwe kamuva.

Uyini umgomo we-Novavax COVID-19?

Umjovo we-Novavax ngumgomo we-protein subunit oqukethe amakhophi enziwe e-laboratory e-spike protein atholakala ebusweni be-SARS-CoV-2. Le protein ye-spike yinto igciwane eliyisebenzisayo ukungena emangqamuzaneni akho futhi libangele ukutheleleka.

Umjovo futhi uhlanganisa i-adjuvant ebizwa nge-Matrix-M, ethathwe emagxolweni ezihlahla futhi isiza ukuqinisa ukusabela komzimba wakho. Uma uthola lo mjovo, amasosha akho omzimba afunda ukuqaphela i-spike protein njengengaphandle futhi akhe ama-antibody futhi asebenzise amanye amaseli omzimba ukuthi alwe nayo.

Le ndlela ifana neminye imijovo esungulwe kahle njengomgomo we-hepatitis B. Umzimba wakho wakha ukuvikeleka ngaphandle kokuthi uveziwe egciwaneni langempela, okukugcina uphephile ngenkathi uthuthukisa ukuzivikela.

Kuzizwa kanjani ukuthola umgomo we-Novavax?

Ukuthola umgomo we-Novavax kuzizwa njengokuthola noma yisiphi esinye isijovo se-intramuscular. Uzozwa ukuchofoza okusheshayo noma ukushaya lapho inaliti ingena emsipheni wakho wengalo engenhla, okuhlala imizuzwana embalwa.

Abantu abaningi bachaza ukuthi isijovo ngokwaso sifushane futhi silawuleka. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzohlanza indawo yokujova, akunike isibhamu, futhi uzoqeda ngemizuzu embalwa.

Ngemuva komjovo, ungase uzwe ubuhlungu obuthile noma ukuqaqamba endaweni yokujova. Lokhu kujwayelekile ngokuphelele futhi kukhombisa ukuthi amasosha akho omzimba ayasabela emutheni njengoba kufanele.

Yini ebangela imiphumela emibi evela emutheni we-Novavax?

Imiphumela emibi evela emutheni we-Novavax yenzeka ngoba amasosha akho omzimba ayasabela ku-spike protein kanye ne-adjuvant emutheni. Lokhu kusabela kwamasosha omzimba yikho kanye okufunayo - kusho ukuthi umzimba wakho ufunda ukuzivikela ku-COVID-19.

I-adjuvant emutheni yenzelwe ngqo ukuthuthukisa ukusabela kwamasosha akho omzimba, okungase ngezinye izikhathi kuholele emiphumeleni emibi emincane. Lezi zindlela zokwenza zizinkomba zokuthi amasosha akho omzimba asebenza kahle futhi akha ukuvikeleka.

Nakhu okuyizinto eziyinhloko ezifaka isandla emiphumeleni emibi yomuthi:

• Amasosha akho omzimba aqaphela i-spike protein njengento engajwayelekile
• I-adjuvant ikhulisa ukusabela kwamasosha omzimba wakho
• Umehluko ngamunye ngamunye ekutheni amasosha akho omzimba asabela kanjani
• Ukusabela kwemvelo komzimba wakho ukuvuvukala emjovweni
• Inqubo engokomzimba yokuthola umjovo we-intramuscular

Imiphumela eminingi emibi imincane futhi iyazixazulula yona ngaphakathi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Umzimba wakho umane nje wenza lokho okufanele akwenze - ukwakha ukuzivikela ukuze kukugcine uphephile.

Yini umuthi we-Novavax oyisibonakaliso noma isibonakaliso sayo?

Umuthi we-Novavax akuyona inkomba yanoma yini - ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha okuvikelayo okwenzelwe ukukuvikela ku-COVID-19. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela emibi ongase uyithole ngemva kokugonywa yizimpawu zokuthi amasosha akho omzimba ayasabela ngendlela efanele.

Imiphumela emibi evamile ongase uyibone ihlanganisa:

• Ubuhlungu, ububomvu, noma ukuvuvukala endaweni yokujova
• Ukukhathala noma ukuzizwa ukhathele kunokujwayelekile
• Ikhanda
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Ubuhlungu emalungeni
• Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza
• Umkhuhlane noma ama-chills

Lezi zimo ngokuvamile zibonisa ukuthi amasosha akho omzimba akha ukuvikeleka ku-COVID-19. Ngokuvamile zithambile futhi ziyanyamalala phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-1-3 ngemva kokugonywa.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, abanye abantu bangase babe nemiphumela emibi kakhulu efana nokungezwani komzimba okukhulu noma ukuvuvukala kwenhliziyo. Nakuba lokhu kungavamile, kubalulekile ukukwazi futhi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezikhathazayo.

Ingabe imiphumela emibi yomgomo we-Novavax inganyamalala yodwa?

Yebo, imiphumela eminingi emibi evela kumgomo we-Novavax iyanyamalala yodwa phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa. Umzimba wakho ngokwemvelo usebenza izingxenye zomgomo futhi impendulo yamasosha omzimba iyazinzisa njengoba uhlelo lwakho lwakha ukuzivikela.

Iningi labantu lizizwa libuyele ngokuphelele kokujwayelekile phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-1-3 ngemva kokugonywa. Abanye bangase bazizwe ngcono ngemva kwamahora ambalwa nje, kanti abanye bangase badinge isonto elilodwa ukuze bazizwe belulame ngokugcwele.

Amasosha akho omzimba asebenza kahle ukuze asuse izingxenye zomgomo ngenkathi edala ukuvikeleka okuhlala njalo. Njengoba le nqubo iphela, noma yikuphi ukungakhululeki noma imiphumela emibi oyitholile izonyamalala ngokwemvelo.

Imiphumela emibi yomgomo we-Novavax ingelashwa kanjani ekhaya?

Ungaphatha imiphumela eminingi emibi yomgomo we-Novavax ngokunethezeka ekhaya ngokunakekela okulula, okumnene. Lezi zindlela zingakusiza ukuthi uzizwe ukhululekile ngenkathi umzimba wakho wakha ukuzivikela.

Nazi izindlela ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile:

• Sebenzisa indwangu ebandayo, emanzi endaweni yokujova imizuzu eyi-10-15 ukunciphisa ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala
• Thatha izidambisi zentlungu ezingathengwa ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela njenge-acetaminophen noma i-ibuprofen njengoba kuqondiswe ephaketheni
• Phuza amanzi amaningi ukuze uhlale unamanzi futhi usize umzimba wakho ukuthi usebenze umgomo
• Thola ukuphumula okwanele ukuze usekele impendulo yamasosha akho omzimba
• Hambisa ingalo yakho ngobumnene ukuze uvimbele ukuqina endaweni yokujova
• Gqoka izingubo ezixekile, ezinethezekile ukuze ugweme ukucasula indawo yokujova

Lezi zinyathelo ezilula zingathuthukisa kakhulu induduzo yakho ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemva kokugonywa. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi ukuhlanganisa ukuphumula nokuphathwa kobuhlungu obumnene kusebenza kahle.

Yini ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha okwenzeka ngemva kokuthola umgomo we-Novavax?

Ukwenzeka okukhulu emgomeni we-Novavax akuvamile, kodwa uma kwenzeka, ochwepheshe bezokwelapha banokwelashwa okuphumelelayo okutholakalayo. Abahlinzeki bezempilo abaningi bakulungele kahle ukubhekana nezinkinga ezihlobene nomgomo.

Ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo kwezinkinga ezinzima zokungezwani komzimba (i-anaphylaxis) kufaka phakathi imijovo ye-epinephrine nokunakekelwa okusekelayo esibhedlela. Yingakho izindawo zokugoma zikugcina ukuze ubukele imizuzu engu-15-30 ngemva kokuthola umjovo wakho.

Uma uthola ukuvuvukala kwenhliziyo (i-myocarditis noma i-pericarditis), udokotela wakho angase ancome imithi elwa nokuvuvukala, ukuphumula, nokuqapha ngokucophelela. Izimo eziningi zithambile futhi zixazululwa ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzolungisa ukwelashwa ngokuya ngezimpawu zakho ezithile nomlando wezokwelapha. Banokufinyelela emithini nasemishinini yokuqapha engabhekana nanoma yiziphi izinkinga ngempumelelo.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ngezinkinga ezivela emgomeni we-Novavax?

Kufanele uthinte umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezibonakala zinzima noma ezingathuthuki ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Ngenkathi imiphumela eminingi emibi ithambile futhi ilindelekile, ezinye izimo zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ukugwinya
• Ukuvuvukala kobuso bakho, izindebe, ulimi, noma umphimbo
• Ukuqubuka okukhulu komzimba wonke noma imihuzuko
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu elingathuthuki ngemithi yokwelapha ubuhlungu
• Umkhuhlane ophezulu (ongaphezu kuka-102°F) ohlala amahora angaphezu kwama-48
• Izimpawu zokutheleleka endaweni yokujova (ukubomvu okwanda, ukufudumala, ubomvu)

Ngaphezu kwalokho, xhumana nodokotela wakho uma imiphumela emincane iqhubeka ngaphezu kwesonto elilodwa noma uma unokukhathazeka ngokululama kwakho. Thembela emizweni yakho - uma kukhona okungazizwa kahle, ngaso sonke isikhathi kungcono ukuxhumana nochwepheshe wezempilo.

Ziyini izici eziyingozi zokuthuthukisa imiphumela emibi yomgomo we-Novavax?

Ezinye izici zingakwenza ukuthi uthole imiphumela emibi yomgomo we-Novavax, nakuba abantu abaningi beyibekezelela kahle kungakhathaliseki izici zabo eziyingozi. Ukuqonda lezi zici kungakusiza ukuthi ulungiselele futhi wazi ukuthi yini ongayilindela.

Ungase uthole imiphumela emibi uma:

• Usemncane (abantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-65 bavame ukuba nokusabela okunamandla komzimba)
• Ungowesifazane (abesifazane bavame ukubika imiphumela eminingi emibi yomgomo)
• Unomlando wokungezwani komzimba nemithi noma imithi
• Unesimo sokuzivikela komzimba noma uthatha imithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba
• Uthola umthamo wakho wesibili (ukusabela kwe-booster ngezinye izikhathi kungaba namandla)
• Wake waba ne-COVID-19 ngaphambi kokugonywa

Ukuba nalezi zici eziyingozi akusho ukuthi nakanjani uzothola imiphumela emibi - kusho nje ukuthi ungase uthole ukuthi iyabonakala. Abantu abaningi abanalezi zici basenayo imiphumela emincane noma abanayo emgomeni.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona zomgomo we-Novavax?

Izinkinga ezinzima ezivela emgomeni we-Novavax azivamile kakhulu, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi zingabukeka kanjani. Iningi labantu abathola lo mgomo lithola kuphela imiphumela emibi emincane, yesikhashana.

Izinkinga ezikhathazayo kodwa ezingavamile zihlanganisa:

• Ukusabela okukhulu komzimba (i-anaphylaxis) - okwenzeka kubantu abangaba ngu-2-5 kwizigidi eziyisishumi zomthamo
• Ukuvuvukala kwenhliziyo (i-myocarditis noma i-pericarditis) - okuvame kakhulu emadodeni amancane kodwa kuseyivelakancane
• Ukuquleka noma ukulimala ngenxa yokuquleka ngesikhathi noma ngemva kokugonywa
• Ukusabela okukhulu endaweni yokujova okuphazamisa ukunyakaza kwengalo
• Ukugula okuhlala isikhathi eside okuvimbela imisebenzi ejwayelekile isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto elilodwa

Lezi zinkinga ziqashwa ngokucophelela yizinhlelo zezempilo emhlabeni jikelele. Izinzuzo zokugonywa ekuvikeleni i-COVID-19 ebucayi zidlula lezi zingozi ezingavamile kubantu abaningi.

Ingabe umgomo we-Novavax muhle noma mubi ekuvikeleni i-COVID-19?

Umgomo we-Novavax usebenza kahle kakhulu ekukuvikeleni ku-COVID-19, ikakhulukazi isifo esibucayi esingaholela ekulalisweni esibhedlela noma ekufeni. Izivivinyo zemitholampilo zakhombisa ukuthi inikeza ukuvikelwa okuqinile ngokuphikisana negciwane.

Lo mgomo unikeza ukusebenza kahle okungaba ngu-90% ngokuphikisana ne-COVID-19 enezimpawu ezivivinyweni zemitholampilo. Ilunge kakhulu ekuvikeleni ukugula okukhulu, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu empilweni yakho nokuphepha kwakho.

Indlela ye-protein subunit esetshenziswe e-Novavax isetshenziswe ngempumelelo kweminye imigomo amashumi eminyaka. Lokhu kuyenza ibe yindlela ethembekile futhi eqondakala kahle yokwakha ukuzivikela emzimbeni ngokuphikisana nezifo ezithathelwanayo.

Yini okungase kuthathwe njengephutha ukusabela komgomo we-Novavax?

Ngezinye izikhathi, imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile yomgomo ingadidaniswa nezinye izimo, ezingase zibangele ukukhathazeka okungadingekile. Ukuqonda ukuthi yini ejwayelekile uma kuqhathaniswa nalokho okungase kube enye into kungakusiza ukuthi usabele ngendlela efanele.

Imiphumela emibi yomgomo ngezinye izikhathi ididaniswa nalokhu:

• Umkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane (ngenxa yokukhathala, ikhanda, nobuhlungu bomzimba)
• Ubuthi bokudla (ngenxa yesicanucanu nokuphazamiseka kwesisu)
• Umsipha okhishwe (ngenxa yobuhlungu bengalo nokuqina)
• Ukutheleleka nge-COVID-19 (ngoba ezinye izimpawu zingahambisana)
• Ukuphendula komzimba kokuthile okunye ohlangane nakho

Umehluko omkhulu yisikhathi - imiphumela emibi yomgomo ngokuvamile iqala phakathi kwamahora angu-12-48 ngemva kokugonywa kwakho futhi ixazululwe ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Uma izimpawu ziqhubeka isikhathi eside noma ziba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zingase zingahlobene nomgomo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nomgomo we-Novavax

Q1: Ingabe ukuzivikela emzimbeni emgomweni we-Novavax kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Ucwaningo lwamanje luphakamisa ukuthi umgomo we-Novavax unikeza ukuvikeleka okuqinile okungenani izinyanga eziyi-6-12 ngemva kokugonywa. Nokho, njengeminye imigomo ye-COVID-19, cishe uzodinga imithamo eyengeziwe ukuze ugcine ukuvikeleka okungcono ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ubude bokuzivikela emzimbeni buxhomeke ezintweni ezifana nobudala bakho, impilo yonke, nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zamagciwane ezisabalalayo. Ososayensi baqhubeka nokutadisha ukuvikeleka kwesikhathi eside ukuze banikeze izincomo ezibuyekeziwe zokuhlelela imithamo eyengeziwe.

Q2: Ngingawuthola yini umgomo we-Novavax uma ngine-allergy kweminye imigomo?

Lokhu kuxhomeke ekutheni yisiphi isithako esithile esibangele ukusabela kwakho ngaphambilini. Umgomo we-Novavax unezinto ezihlukene kunezigonyo ze-mRNA, ngakho ungase ukwazi ukuwuthola ngisho noma usabele kweminye imigomo ye-COVID-19.

Xoxa nodokotela wakho mayelana nokungezwani kwakho okuthile. Bangahlola izithako zomgomo futhi banqume ukuthi kuphephile yini kuwe, mhlawumbe bancomela ukuqapha okukhethekile ngesikhathi sokugonywa.

Q3: Ingabe umgomo we-Novavax uphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

Ubufakazi bamanje buphakamisa ukuthi umgomo we-Novavax uphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, nakuba kusaqhubeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe. Abantu abakhulelwe basengozini enkulu ye-COVID-19 ebucayi, okwenza ukugonywa kubaluleke kakhulu kuleli qembu.

Abantu abaningi abakhulelwe baye bathola ngempumelelo imithi yokugomela ye-protein subunit esikhathini esidlule. Kodwa-ke, xoxa ngesimo sakho ngamunye nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze wenze isinqumo esingcono kakhulu kuwe nomntwana wakho.

Q4: I-Novavax iqhathaniswa kanjani nemithi yokugomela ye-mRNA?

Bobabili i-Novavax nemithi yokugomela ye-mRNA iyasebenza kakhulu ekuvikeleni i-COVID-19 enzima. Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi basebenza kanjani - i-Novavax ikunika i-spike protein yangempela, kuyilapho imithi yokugomela ye-mRNA inikeza amaseli akho imiyalelo yokwenza le protein.

Abanye abantu bakhetha i-Novavax ngoba isebenzisa indlela yomgomo yendabuko esetshenziswe ngempumelelo kwezinye izifo. Ukukhetha kuvame ukwehla ekuthandeni komuntu siqu nokutholakala.

Q5: Ngingakwazi yini ukuxuba umgomo we-Novavax neminye imithi yokugomela i-COVID-19?

Iziqondiso zamanje ngokuvamile zincoma ukuhlala ngohlobo olufanayo lomgomo ochungechungeni lwakho oluyinhloko, kodwa ukuxuba imithi yokugomela ehlukene yama-booster kuvame ukwamukeleka. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukuxuba imithi yokugomela ngezinye izikhathi kungahlinzeka ngokuqina okuphakeme.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angakweluleka ngendlela engcono kakhulu esekelwe emithini yokugomela osuvele uyitholile nezincomo zamanje. Bazocabangela izinto ezinjengokuhlelwa kwesikhathi, ukutholakala, nesimo sakho sempilo ngamunye.