Yini Umgomo Wensumpa: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni Nokunye

Umgomo wensumpa ngumgomo we-virus ophilayo ovikela ensumpeni, isifo esibucayi futhi esingabulala. Ngenkathi insumpa yaqedwa ngokusemthethweni emhlabeni wonke ngo-1980, lo mgomo usabalulekile kumaqembu athile abantu, okuhlanganisa abasebenzi baselebhu, abasebenzi bezempi, kanye nabasebenzi bezempilo abangase babhekane negciwane.

Ungase uzibuze ngalo mgomo ngenxa yesimo sakho somsebenzi, izinhlelo zokuhamba, noma ukufuna nje ukwazi ngale ngxenye yomlando wezokwelapha. Ukuqonda ukuthi isebenza kanjani nokuthi yini ongayilindela kungakusiza ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi ngempilo yakho.

Yini Umgomo Wensumpa?

Umgomo wensumpa uqukethe igciwane elibukhoma elibizwa nge-vaccinia virus, elihlobene kakhulu nensumpa kodwa liphephe kakhulu. Lo mgomo uqeqesha amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi aqaphele futhi alwe negciwane langempela lensumpa uma uke walithinta.

Umgomo ukhona kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1700 futhi wawuyinsimbi ekususeni ngokuphelele insumpa emhlabeni. Inguqulo yanamuhla isebenza kahle kakhulu, ngocwaningo olukhombisa ukuthi ingavimbela insumpa cishe kuma-95% abantu abayitholayo uma inikezwa ngaphambi kokuchayeka.

Usetshenziselwani Umgomo Wensumpa?

Umgomo wensumpa usetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuvikela abantu abanengozi enkulu yokuchayeka egciwaneni lensumpa. Njengoba insumpa ingasatholakali ngokwemvelo, lo mgomo awuyona ingxenye yokugonywa kwabantwana okuvamile njengeminye imigomo ongase uyijwayele.

Udokotela wakho angase ancome lo mgomo uma usebenza elebhu elisingatha insumpa noma amagciwane ahlobene. Abasebenzi bezempi abathunyelwe ezindaweni ezithile nabo bangawuthola njengesinyathelo sokuzivikela. Ukwengeza, abanye abasebenzi bezempilo abangase basabele emcimbini we-bioterrorism bangaba ngabazongenela ukugonywa.

Umjovo ungahlinzekwa nangemva kokuchayeka ku-smallpox, nakuba usebenza kahle uma unikezwa phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala. Le ndlela, ebizwa ngokuthi i-post-exposure prophylaxis, ingahlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okukhulu ngisho nangemva kokuthintana negciwane.

Isebenza Kanjani Umjovo we-Smallpox?

Umjovo we-smallpox usebenza ngokwethula igciwane elibuthakathaka kodwa eliphilayo emzimbeni wakho, okuqala ukusebenza kwamasosha akho omzimba. Leli gciwane, elibizwa nge-vaccinia, lifana ngokwanele ne-smallpox kangangokuthi umzimba wakho ufunda ukulwa ngempumelelo namagciwane womabili.

Uma usuthola umjovo, amasosha akho omzimba akha ama-antibody futhi asebenzise amaseli akhethekile akhumbulayo ukuthi angayilwa kanjani i-smallpox. Lokhu kuvikeleka kwenkumbulo kuvame ukuhlala iminyaka eminingi, nakuba ukuzivikela kungancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Lokhu kuthathwa njengomjovo oqinile ngoba uqukethe igciwane eliphilayo, okwenza usebenze kahle kakhulu kodwa futhi kusho ukuthi kungabangela imiphumela emibi ebonakalayo uma iqhathaniswa neminye imijovo ethile. Ukuhwebelana kuvikeleka okuqinile, okuhlala isikhathi eside ngokumelene nesifo esibi.

Kufanele Ngiwuthathaphi Umjovo we-Smallpox?

Umjovo we-smallpox unikezwa ngendlela eyingqayizivele ebizwa ngokuthi i-scarification, hhayi ngomjovo ovamile njengeminye imijovo eminingi. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzosebenzisa inaliti ekhethekile enamaphuzu amabili ukwenza izimbobo ezincane esikhumbeni sakho, ngokuvamile engalweni yakho engenhla.

Ngaphambi kokugonywa kwakho, akudingeki ukuthi ugweme ukudla noma uthathe izinyathelo ezikhethekile. Kodwa-ke, kufanele wazise udokotela wakho ngemithi oyithathayo noma izimo zempilo onazo. Kuyasiza futhi ukugqoka ihembe elinemikhono emifushane ukuze kwenziwe indawo yokugoma ifinyeleleke kalula.

Inqubo ngokwayo ithatha imizuzu embalwa nje. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzohlanza indawo, afake ithonsi elincane lomjovo, bese esebenzisa inaliti ye-bifurcated ukwenza izimbobo ezisheshayo ezingaba ngu-15 ngamathonsi omjovo esikhumbeni sakho.

Ngemva kokugonywa, kuzodingeka ukuthi ugcine indawo ihlanzekile futhi yomile, futhi ugweme ukuzikwenya noma ukuyikha. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo ethile yokuthi unakekele kanjani indawo yokugoma njengoba iphola.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani Umgomo Wensethelwa?

Umgomo wensethelwa ngokuvamile unikezwa njengomthamo owodwa, hhayi njengokwelashwa okuqhubekayo njengeminye imithi. Uma usuwutholile umgomo, uzokwakha ukuzivikela okungahlala iminyaka eminingi.

Nokho, uma uqhubeka usengozini yokuchayeka ensenthelweni, udokotela wakho angase ancome umgomo wokuthuthukisa. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka njalo eminyakeni emi-3 kuya kwemi-5 kubantu abasebenza ngensethelwa noma amagciwane ahlobene ezindaweni zokucwaninga.

Isinqumo sokuthi ngabe udinga imithamo eyengeziwe sincike ezingozini zakho ezithile nokuthi isikhathi esingakanani sesidlulile kusukela ekugonyweni kwakho kokugcina. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzosiza ekunqumeni isimiso esifanele sesimo sakho.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni Yomgomo Wensethelwa?

Abantu abaningi abathola umgomo wensethelwa bazoba nemiphumela ethile eceleni endaweni yokugoma, futhi lokhu empeleni kuyisibonakaliso esijwayelekile sokuthi umgomo uyasebenza. Ukusabela okuvame kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwegxuma elincane eliba yi-pustule ekugcineni bese liba yizinduna.

Nakhu ongakulindela ukuthi kwenzeke endaweni yokugoma emasontweni ambalwa alandelayo:

• Izinsuku 1-3: Kuvela igxuma elincane elibomvu
• Izinsuku 4-6: Igxuma ligcwaliswa ngamanzi futhi lingase liqale ukuluma
• Izinsuku 7-14: Igxuma lithuthuka libe yi-pustule enesikhungo esicindezelekile
• Izinsuku 14-21: I-pustule iyoma futhi yakhe izinduna
• Izinsuku 21-28: Izinduna ziyawa, zishiye isibazi esincane

Le nqubo ijwayelekile ngokuphelele futhi ikhombisa ukuthi amasosha akho omzimba asabela ngendlela efanele emgomweni.

Ungase futhi uhlangabezane nezinye izimpawu ezivamile njengoba umzimba wakho wakha ukuzivikela. Lokhu kungabandakanya umkhuhlane olula, ukukhathala, ubuhlungu bemisipha, nama-lymph nodes avuvukele eduze nendawo yokugoma. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuvela ngesonto lokuqala futhi zizixazulule zodwa.

Imiphumela emibi engathi sína ayivamile kodwa ingenzeka. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukusabela okukhulu kwesikhumba, izifo zamehlo uma umgomo udluliselwa emehlweni akho ngengozi, futhi ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, ukuvuvukala kwenhliziyo noma ubuchopho. Abantu abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezilimele babhekana nobungozi obukhulu bezinkinga.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole Umgomo Wama-Smallpox?

Amaqembu amaningana abantu akufanele athole umgomo wama-smallpox ngoba abhekana nobungozi obukhulu bezinkinga ezingathi sína. Uma unesistimu yokuzivikela ebuthakathaka ngenxa ye-HIV, ukwelashwa komdlavuza, noma imithi ethile, lo mgomo awunconyelwe wena.

Abantu abanezimo ezithile zesikhumba kufanele futhi bagweme lo mgomo. Uma une-eczema, i-dermatitis, noma ezinye izinkinga zesikhumba ezingapheli, igciwane eliphilayo elikulo mgomo lingabangela ukusabela okukhulu kwesikhumba okusabalala ngaphandle kwendawo yokugoma.

Izimo nezimo ezilandelayo ngokuvamile zikukhipha ekutholeni umgomo wama-smallpox:

• Ukukhulelwa noma izinhlelo zokukhulelwa kungakapheli amasonto angu-4
• Ukuncelisa
• Isistimu yokuzivikela ebuthakathaka nganoma iyiphi imbangela
• Izimo zesikhumba zamanje noma zakamuva njenge-eczema
• Isifo senhliziyo, ikakhulukazi izimo ezithinta ukugeleza kwegazi
• Izinkinga zamehlo ezihilela i-cornea
• Ukungezwani okukhulu nezingxenye zomgomo

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma uhlala nomuntu onanoma yiziphi zalezi zimo, ungase udinge ukulibazisa ukugoma ngoba indawo yokugoma ingatheleleka kuze kube yilapho iphola ngokuphelele.

Udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nesimo sakho sempilo yamanje ngaphambi kokunquma ukuthi lo mgomo uphephile yini kuwe.

Amagama Omkhiqizo Womgomo Wama-Smallpox

Umjovo womkhuhlane omncane otholakalayo e-United States ubizwa nge-ACAM2000, okhiqizwa yi-Emergent BioSolutions. Lona umjovo oyinhloko osetshenziselwa kokubili ukuvimbela umkhuhlane omncane ngaphambi nangemva kokuchayeka.

I-ACAM2000 yathatha indawo yomjovo omdala obizwa nge-Dryvax, osetshenziswe iminyaka eminingi kodwa ongasekhiqizwa. Umjovo omusha unempumelelo efanayo kodwa ukhiqizwa kusetshenziswa izindlela zesimanje nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi.

Omunye umjovo obizwa nge-JYNNEOS (owaziwa nangokuthi i-Imvamune noma i-Imvanex kwamanye amazwe) nawo uvunyelwe ukuvimbela umkhuhlane omncane. Lo mjovo uhlukile ngoba uqukethe igciwane elishintshiwe elingazali emaseleni omuntu, okwenza kube lula kubantu abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezikhubazekile.

Ezinye izindlela zokugomela umkhuhlane omncane

Uma ungeke ukwazi ukuthola umjovo wendabuko womkhuhlane omncane ngenxa yezinkinga zempilo, i-JYNNEOS ingase ibe enye indlela. Lo mjovo usebenzisa igciwane le-vaccinia elishintshiwe elenzelwe ukuthi liphephe kubantu abanezinkinga zesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela noma izimo zesikhumba.

I-JYNNEOS inikezwa ngemijovo emibili ngaphansi kwesikhumba, ihlukaniswe ngamasonto amane. Ayibangeli ukusabela kwesikhumba okufanayo okumangalisayo njengomjovo wendabuko futhi kuthathwa njengokuphephile kubantu abajwayele ukungakwazi ukuthola imijovo yegciwane eliphilayo.

Nokho, i-JYNNEOS ingase inganikezi izinga elifanayo lokuzivikela isikhathi eside njengomjovo wendabuko, futhi igcinelwe ikakhulukazi abantu abasengozini enkulu kodwa abangakwazi ukuthola i-ACAM2000 ngokuphepha.

Kubantu abaningi abasengozini yokuchayeka kumkhuhlane omncane, akukho ngempela okunye ukugomela. Ezinye izinyathelo ezinjengokugwema ukuchayeka nokulandela imithetho yokuphepha zibalulekile kodwa azikwazi ukuthatha indawo yokuvikelwa okunikezwa ukugoma.

Ingabe Umjovo Womkhuhlane Omncane Ungcono Kunezithako Zokwelapha Ezilwa Namagciwane?

Umjovo womkhuhlane wamathumba unikeza ukuvikeleka okuqinile futhi okuhlala isikhathi eside uma kuqhathaniswa nemithi elwa namagciwane. Ngenkathi kukhona imithi ethile elwa namagciwane engasiza ekwelapheni umkhuhlane wamathumba uma othile ethola ukutheleleka, ukuvimbela ngomjovo kuphumelela kakhulu.

Imithi elwa namagciwane efana ne-tecovirimat (TPOXX) ikhona njengemithi engase isetshenziselwe ukwelapha umkhuhlane wamathumba, kodwa ayizange ihlolwe ezigamekweni zangempela zomkhuhlane wamathumba ngoba lesi sifo asisatholakali ngokwemvelo. Le mithi ingasetshenziswa kuphela uma othile empeleni ethola umkhuhlane wamathumba.

Umjovo usebenza ngokuvimbela lesi sifo ngokuphelele, kuyilapho imithi elwa namagciwane ingasiza kuphela ekunciphiseni izimpawu nezinkinga ngemuva kokuthi ukutheleleka sekwenzekile. Umjovo empeleni uqeqesha amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi amise umkhuhlane wamathumba ngaphambi kokuthi ukugulise.

Kubantu abasengozini yokuthola ukutheleleka, umjovo usahlala uyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela. Imithi elwa namagciwane isebenza njengenketho yokusekela ekwelapheni kunokuthi ithathe indawo yokuvimbela.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nomjovo Womkhuhlane Wamathumba

Q1. Ingabe umjovo womkhuhlane wamathumba uphephile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela?

Abantu abanesifo sikashukela esilawulwa kahle ngokuvamile bangathola umjovo womkhuhlane wamathumba ngokuphepha. Kodwa-ke, uma unezinkinga ezihlobene nesifo sikashukela ezithinta amasosha akho omzimba noma ukuphola kwesikhumba, udokotela wakho uzodinga ukuhlola isimo sakho ngasinye ngokucophelela okwengeziwe.

Okukhathaza kakhulu ukuthi isifo sikashukela ngezinye izikhathi singanciphisa ukuphola kwamanxeba, okungase kuthinte indlela indawo yokugoma ephola ngayo. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzocabangela izinto ezinjengokulawulwa kukashukela egazini lakho kanye nanoma yiziphi izinkinga ezihlobene nesifo sikashukela ngaphambi kokwenza izincomo.

Q2. Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuthelwa ngisebenzisa umjovo womkhuhlane wamathumba omningi?

Uma ngengozi uthola umjovo womkhuhlane wamathumba owengeziwe esikhumbeni sakho ngesikhathi sokugoma, ungangeni ekuqeqeshweni. Geza ngokushesha leyo ndawo ngensipho namanzi, bese uthintana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze uthole isiqondiso.

Umjovo ungasebenza kuphela lapho isikhumba sigwazwe khona, ngakho-ke ukuba nomuthi wokugoma olukhuni esikhumbeni esingalimele ngokuvamile akuyingozi. Kodwa-ke, kufanele uqaphele indawo nganoma yiziphi izindlela ezingavamile bese ulandela nodokotela wakho njengoba kunconywe.

Q3. Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo womuthi wokugoma we-smallpox?

Njengoba umuthi wokugoma we-smallpox ngokuvamile unikezwa njengomthamo owodwa, ngokuvamile ngeke "uphuthelwe" umthamo ngomqondo wendabuko. Kodwa-ke, uma bekufanele ukuthi uthole umgomo wokuthuthukisa futhi waphuthelwa i-aphoyintimenti yakho, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze uhlele kabusha.

Isikhathi semithamo yokuthuthukisa ngokuvamile singalungiswa ngaphandle kokukhathazeka okukhulu. Udokotela wakho uzosiza ekunqumeni uhlelo olungcono kakhulu olususelwe ezingozini zakho nokuthi sekudlule isikhathi esingakanani ngomgomo wakho wokugcina.

Q4. Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha umuthi wokugoma we-smallpox?

Ungayeka ukuthola imithamo yokuthuthukisa umuthi wokugoma we-smallpox lapho ungasengozini yokuchayeka e-virus. Kubantu abaningi, lokhu kwenzeka lapho beshintsha imisebenzi noma bengasasebenzi ezindaweni ezinengozi enkulu njengamalebhu ocwaningo.

Isinqumo sokuyeka ukuthola imithamo yokuthuthukisa kufanele senziwe ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokubonisana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo, ongahlola izici zakho eziqhubekayo zengozi futhi akusize ukuthi wenze ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu ngesimo sakho.

Q5. Ngingazivocavoca ngemva kokuthola umuthi wokugoma we-smallpox?

Ukuvivinya umzimba okulula ngokuvamile kulungile ngemva kokuthola umuthi wokugoma we-smallpox, kodwa kufanele ugweme imisebenzi engase ibangele ukujuluka ngokweqile endaweni yokugoma noma ingozi yokulimala endaweni. Ukubhukuda, ama-hot tubs, nemidlalo yokuxhumana kufanele kugwenywe kuze kube yilapho indawo yokugoma isiphile ngokuphelele.

Indawo yokugoma idinga ukuhlala ihlanzekile futhi yomile ukuze iphole kahle, ngakho-ke imisebenzi engase ingcolise indawo noma ibangele umswakama owedlulele kufanele ihlehliswe amasonto ambalwa. Udokotela wakho uzohlinzeka ngemihlahlandlela ethile esekelwe ekuqhubekeleni phambili kwakho kokwelashwa.